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... Secretion —movement of substances into urine in the distal and collecting tubules from blood in peritubular capillaries; hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and certain drugs are secreted by active transport; ammonia is secreted by diffusion ...
Paediatric Urology
Paediatric Urology

... The phimosis is either primary with no sign of scarring, or secondary (pathological) to a scarring such as balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) [2]. BXO, also termed lichen sclerosus, has been recently found in 17% of boys younger than 10 years presenting with phimosis. The clinical appearance in chi ...
renal plexus
renal plexus

... 1. Renal cell carcinoma is most common type of kidney cancer (80%) 2. Originates in the lining of the proximal convoluted tubule 3. Often asymptomatic until it is at an advanced stage 4. Common symptoms  hematuria, pain between hip and ribs, abdominal mass 5. Lifestyle is greatest risk factor; 50% ...
Prevalence of urinary tract infection in children of preschool age
Prevalence of urinary tract infection in children of preschool age

... The rate decreased with age, and this trend may be associated with the greater difficulty of obtaining uncontaminated specimens in the earlier years. It is estimated that if equal numbers had been screened in each age group, the rate would have been approximately 20%. Although we attempted to follow ...
Hematuria in Primary Care: The Bloody Truth
Hematuria in Primary Care: The Bloody Truth

...  46 y/o male presents with complaints of painless, gross hematuria intermittently x 2 weeks. Denies irritative voiding symptoms- dysuria, frequency, urgency. Denies passage of clots. Blood is bright red in color and present throughout the stream. He has not had similar symptoms previously. History ...
Voiding Dysfunction
Voiding Dysfunction

... withholding maneuvers to prevent incontinence. When chronic constipation has been present in a child with a voiding disorder, it may be the primary cause of bladder dysfunction. More commonly, constipation is secondary to the use of anticholinergic medication and/or contraction of the pelvic floor a ...
Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in long
Diagnosis and management of urinary tract infections in long

... Diagnosis of UTI in LTCF residents must be based on clinical findings not urine testing. The high prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria in LTCF residents limits the usefulness of urine testing for diagnosis of UTI.2,4,12 A negative urine microscopy for pyuria or a negative urine culture result can ...
Methodological Instructions to Practical Lesson
Methodological Instructions to Practical Lesson

... the examiner`s field. Special care must be taken not to overdistend the bladder and to make sure that all areas have been completely inspected, often with the bladder minimally filled initially. In adults, most of the bladder wall cannot be seen if the bladder contains more than 200-300 mL of urine. ...
Effects of Immobility Integumentary System (Skin)
Effects of Immobility Integumentary System (Skin)

... limb at a time to exercise & inspect the skin. Reapply. DO NOT remove all restraints simultaneously, this could be dangerous keep skin clean & dry minimize pressure on bony prominences reposition patient every 2 hours ...
Lower urinary tract symptoms in women – aspects on
Lower urinary tract symptoms in women – aspects on

... sampling procedures. Large crosssectional population-based samples have however concluded that the prevalence of any female urinary incontinence ranges from 20% to 40% in young and middleaged women, and then steadily increases with age (Figure 1) [16]. Approximately half of the incontinence is stres ...
Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balances.
Regulation of Water and Electrolyte Balances.

... Blood flow to the two kidneys is normally about 22 percent of the cardiac output, or 1100 ml/min. The renal artery enters the kidney through the hilum and then branches progressively to form the interlobar arteries, arcuate arteries, interlobular arteries (also called radial arteries), and afferent ...
Complications After Surgery
Complications After Surgery

... Related to Embolization Technique  Proximal embolization • Non-target to rectum, bladder, penis, seminal vesical, muscle or bone ...
Urinary Elimination
Urinary Elimination

... Red Rubber catheter, is used when the catheter is to be inserted and removed immediately – An indwelling catheter, also known as a retention or Foley catheter, is left inside the bladder to provide continuous urine drainage – A suprapubic catheter is a type of indwelling catheter. The suprapubic cat ...
File
File

... • The urinary system removes wastes from the body. – The urinary system also maintains homeostasis, or a constant internal environment, within the body. – Urin/o and ur/o are combining forms for the urinary system. ...
Microbial Biofilms in Urinary Tract Infections and Prostatitis
Microbial Biofilms in Urinary Tract Infections and Prostatitis

... formation [15]. Strategies to prevent the early onset of biofilm development involve a modification of abiotic and biotic surfaces, and a stimulation of the innate immune response [7,16]. Medical Biofilms: Definition, Development Stages, and Properties The definition of a biofilm has evolved over th ...
4.02 Understand the Functions and Disorders of the Urinary System
4.02 Understand the Functions and Disorders of the Urinary System

... Elimination of urine What causes the bladder to empty? Is this a voluntary or involuntary action? What can prevent urination? How is urinary retention treated? ...
Urine Culture
Urine Culture

... ►Penicillin G, 5 million units IV initial dose, then 2.5 million units IV every 4 hours until delivery ♦ Alternative Ampicillin, 2 g IV initial dose, then 1 g IV every 4 hours until delivery ...
Occupational Therapy Evaluation and Treatment of Pelvic Floor
Occupational Therapy Evaluation and Treatment of Pelvic Floor

... Bladder training and diet modifications Pelvic floor exercises when okayed by MD Individualized therapy depending on amount of leaking and symptoms still present ...
The Kidney
The Kidney

... urine – Appears C-shaped in frontal section – Encircles the renal sinus – Renal sinus: contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves, and urine-collecting structures • Adipose fills the remaining cavity and holds ...
Kidney Lab - Anatmy/Phys
Kidney Lab - Anatmy/Phys

... When your body uses food for energy (metabolism), it produces waste products. The body rids these products by a process called excretion. Much of this waste is in the form of nitrogenous waste. Go to ? #1. A buildup of waste in the tissues of the body is dangerous. It will lead to tissue poisoning, ...
Survey of the different urinary infections which develop in
Survey of the different urinary infections which develop in

... AN investigation of the bacterial infections of the urinary tract in paraplegics has ...
Renal Disorders in the Newborn
Renal Disorders in the Newborn

... 1. Renal tubular acidosis (RTA), caused by defects in reabsorption of HCO3- and secretion of H+ ions, generally presents metabolic acidosis and inappropriately high urine pH (>6.0). This occurs frequently in preterm infants and is transient. RTA can also be associated with a wide variety of other co ...
Airgas template
Airgas template

... Red Rubber catheter, is used when the catheter is to be inserted and removed immediately – An indwelling catheter, also known as a retention or Foley catheter, is left inside the bladder to provide continuous urine drainage – A suprapubic catheter is a type of indwelling catheter. The suprapubic cat ...
Mechanisms underlying the recovery of lower urinary tract
Mechanisms underlying the recovery of lower urinary tract

... the cat have shown that AD bladder afferents respond in a graded manner to passive distension as well as active contraction of the bladder.5,14 The intravesical pressure threshold for activation of these afferents ranges from 5 to 15 mm Hg which is consistent with pressures at which humans report th ...
Urinary tract infection
Urinary tract infection

... Urine functions as an antiseptic, washing potentially harmful bacteria out of the body during normal urination. (Urine is normally sterile, that is, free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi.) The ureters join into the bladder in a manner designed to prevent urine from backing up into the kidney when the ...
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Urethroplasty

In surgery, urethroplasty is the repair of an injury or defect within the walls of the urethra. There are four commonly used types of urethroplasty performed; anastomotic, buccal mucosal onlay graft, scrotal or penile island flap (graft), and Johansen's urethroplasty. The choice of procedure is dependent on factors including: physical condition of the patient overall condition of the remainder of the urethra (not affected by the stricture) the length of the defect (best determined by urethrography) multiple or misaligned strictures anatomical positioning of the defect with regard to the prostate gland, urinary sphincter, and ejaculatory duct position of the most patent area of the urethral wall (necessary for determination of the location of the onlay/graft site, most often dorsal or ventral) complications and scarring from previous surgery(ies), stent explantation (if applicable), and the condition of the urethral wall availability of autograft tissue from the buccal cavity (buccal mucosa) (primary selection) availability of autograft tissue from the penis and scrotum (secondary selection) skill level and training of the surgeon performing the procedureNote: in more complex cases, more than one type of procedure may be performed, especially where longer strictures exist.With an average operating room time of between three and eight hours, urethroplasty is not considered a minor operation. Patients who undergo a shorter duration procedure may have the convenience of returning home that same day (between 20% and 30% en total of urethroplasty patients). Hospital stays of two or three days duration are the average. More complex procedures may require a hospitalization of seven to ten days. The length-of-stay is usually determined by the: status/condition of the patient, post recovery after-effects of the anesthesia/sedation/spinal anesthesia utilized during the procedure anticipated post-surgical care, per care plan (dressing changes, packing changes, and monitoring of (any) surgical drains - if used) monitoring of the newly established urethral cysostomy (Johansen's urethroplasty) if applicable monitoring of the suprapubic catheter or Foley catheter for signs of infection and proper urine output if applicable titration of palliative and anti-spasmodic medication(s) if applicable post surgical complications if any↑ ↑
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