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The Excretory System
The Excretory System

... kidneys stones and fluid and electrolyte disorders. Nephrologists work in different hospitals and medical centers all over the world. ...
kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)
kidney stones (nephrolithiasis)

... MEDICATIONS Medications presented in this section are intended to provide general information about possible treatment. The treatment for a particular condition may evolve as medical advances are made; therefore, the medications should not be considered as all inclusive.  Antibiotics selected on t ...
Surgical Management of Bladder Carcinoma
Surgical Management of Bladder Carcinoma

... are in close proximity. Patients with lesions on the dome of the bladder and tumors located in diverticula are good candidates for partial cystectomy. At the time of surgery, the tumor is excised from the bladder with a 2-cm margin (confirmed by frozen section), and the bladder is then closed in two ...
The Urinary System
The Urinary System

... • In the glomerular capillaries, the hydrostatic pressure NEVER falls below the osmotic pressure therefore fluid ONLY moves out of the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule (never the opposite) – the rate that plasma exits the glomerulus and enters the Bowman’s capsule is called the glomerular filtration ...
Slides (PDF: 334KB/37 pages)
Slides (PDF: 334KB/37 pages)

... Cystitis – Infection of the urinary tract that is limited to the bladder, usually involving only the mucosal surface. This is the infection that most people think of when they say “UTI. A more common term would be “bladder infection”. Delirium – An altered state of consciousness, consisting of confu ...
Analysis of Urinary Symptoms and Urodynamic
Analysis of Urinary Symptoms and Urodynamic

... urethral bulking injection, orchidopexy, and inguinal hernia repair. On urodynamic studies, 54% had DO, 24% had DSD, and 9% had low bladder compliance. Pdetmax during voiding was 46 cm of H20, for patients able to void during urodynamic testing (Table 1). Gender analysis of urinary symptoms was perf ...
Bladder retraining for an overactive bladder
Bladder retraining for an overactive bladder

... • Your bladder should not need to be emptied more than every two to three hours during the day. If you empty your bladder more frequently, try ‘holding on’ for just five minutes longer and then gradually increase this time. Distracting yourself by doing one more task before emptying your bladder ...
Exercise 40 Urinary System
Exercise 40 Urinary System

...  External urethral sphincter: skeletal muscle surrounding the opening from urethra to outside— voluntary control ...
The Reproductive System
The Reproductive System

... • Scrotum-divided sac of skin outside abdominal cavity, normally hangs loosely, rendering testes temperature below body temp.( @ ~ 5.4 degrees lower)-necessary for healthy sperm production ,changes in scrotal surface area help maintain temp—example -wrinkles as pulls toward body during external cold ...
KIDNEY DISEASES
KIDNEY DISEASES

... 2) A glomerular filtration rate that is below a certain level for three months or longer. (Glomerular filtration rate will be discussed later in the module) In simpler terms, this means that a disease process has caused irreversible damage to the kidneys and the damage is reflected by decreased kidn ...
Your Slide Title Here (Corbel Bold 40 pt.)
Your Slide Title Here (Corbel Bold 40 pt.)

... ‒ Overestimation can lead to unnecessary dose to the penile bulb ‒ Underestimation leads to undertreatment of the prostate apex • Genitourinary diaphragm (GUD) is the distance between the prostate apex and the penile bulb – Also known as the membranous urethra length (MUL) – Discordant measurements ...
to the proximal convoluted tubule
to the proximal convoluted tubule

... All images in this document is removed due to copyright restriction Ahmad Aulia Jusuf, MD, PhD Department of Histology Faculty of Medicine University of Indonesia ...
kidney diseases
kidney diseases

... 2) A glomerular filtration rate that is below a certain level for three months or longer. (Glomerular filtration rate will be discussed later in the module) In simpler terms, this means that a disease process has caused irreversible damage to the kidneys and the damage is reflected by decreased kidn ...
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTI) 3  Prevalence
URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS (UTI) 3 Prevalence

... ■ Because of the concern that the VCUG is traumatic to the child, some parents question the need for VCUG with normal ultrasound, however, the ultrasound is insensitive in detecting VUR (only 40% of children of VUR have any abnormality on ultrasound). ■ The VCUG should not be performed by using gene ...
Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Catheter
Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment of Catheter

... infection (CA-UTI), both symptomatic and asymptomatic, were prepared by an Expert Panel of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. The evidence-based guidelines encompass diagnostic criteria, strategies to reduce the risk of CA-UTIs, strategies that have not been found to reduce the incidence of ...
an overview of the management of male lower urinary tract
an overview of the management of male lower urinary tract

... Urinalysis, bladder diary, and uroflowmetry Urinalysis should be performed to exclude haematuria or UTI, which necessitate further investigation. A bladder diary is an accurately completed chart over at least 3 days that can provide a useful assessment of storage symptoms such as nocturia, give info ...
PDF Link
PDF Link

... other identified source of infection along with ⭓103 colonyforming units (cfu)/mL of ⭓1 bacterial species in a single catheter urine specimen or in a midstream voided urine specimen from a patient whose urethral, suprapubic, or condom catheter has been removed within the previous 48 h (A-III). i. Da ...
Question 1
Question 1

... caffeine intake is important as caffeine is a diuretic and is irritative to the bladder, and benefit is often seen with caffeine restriction. She is most likely hormonal deficient and could benefit from a local oestrogen cream vaginally. ...
renal pathophysiology ppt
renal pathophysiology ppt

... • Tubular secretion ...
ch25b_wcr
ch25b_wcr

... • Solute concentration in filtrate increases as water reabsorbed  concentration gradients for solutes  • Fat-soluble substances, some ions and urea, follow water into peritubular capillaries down concentration gradients ...
Overview of Management and Evaluation of Urinary
Overview of Management and Evaluation of Urinary

... Kobelt-Nguyen et al. 27th annual meeting of ICS, 1997. ...
premature ejaculation
premature ejaculation

... Spectrum of disorders including delayed ejaculation, anorgasmia, retrograde ejaculation, anejaculation and painful ejaculation Can result from a disrupted mechanism of ejaculation (emission, ejaculation and orgasm) Disorders of ejaculation are uncommon, but are important to manage when fertility is ...
P. D. F. - Ayurlog
P. D. F. - Ayurlog

... 3. The dhupan dravyas are lit in dhupan apparatus which is placed just below the ...
Renal_2
Renal_2

... Urinary Bladder ...
The Reproductive System
The Reproductive System

... • Scrotum-divided sac of skin outside abdominal cavity, normally hangs loosely, rendering testes temperature below body temp.( @ ~ 5.4 degrees lower)-necessary for healthy sperm production ,changes in scrotal surface area help maintain temp—example -wrinkles as pulls toward body during external cold ...
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Urethroplasty

In surgery, urethroplasty is the repair of an injury or defect within the walls of the urethra. There are four commonly used types of urethroplasty performed; anastomotic, buccal mucosal onlay graft, scrotal or penile island flap (graft), and Johansen's urethroplasty. The choice of procedure is dependent on factors including: physical condition of the patient overall condition of the remainder of the urethra (not affected by the stricture) the length of the defect (best determined by urethrography) multiple or misaligned strictures anatomical positioning of the defect with regard to the prostate gland, urinary sphincter, and ejaculatory duct position of the most patent area of the urethral wall (necessary for determination of the location of the onlay/graft site, most often dorsal or ventral) complications and scarring from previous surgery(ies), stent explantation (if applicable), and the condition of the urethral wall availability of autograft tissue from the buccal cavity (buccal mucosa) (primary selection) availability of autograft tissue from the penis and scrotum (secondary selection) skill level and training of the surgeon performing the procedureNote: in more complex cases, more than one type of procedure may be performed, especially where longer strictures exist.With an average operating room time of between three and eight hours, urethroplasty is not considered a minor operation. Patients who undergo a shorter duration procedure may have the convenience of returning home that same day (between 20% and 30% en total of urethroplasty patients). Hospital stays of two or three days duration are the average. More complex procedures may require a hospitalization of seven to ten days. The length-of-stay is usually determined by the: status/condition of the patient, post recovery after-effects of the anesthesia/sedation/spinal anesthesia utilized during the procedure anticipated post-surgical care, per care plan (dressing changes, packing changes, and monitoring of (any) surgical drains - if used) monitoring of the newly established urethral cysostomy (Johansen's urethroplasty) if applicable monitoring of the suprapubic catheter or Foley catheter for signs of infection and proper urine output if applicable titration of palliative and anti-spasmodic medication(s) if applicable post surgical complications if any↑ ↑
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