Doing Hands-On Science with Students
... rises approximately 2000 meters from the surrounding ocean floor to a depth of 1100 meters. ...
... rises approximately 2000 meters from the surrounding ocean floor to a depth of 1100 meters. ...
Hydrothermal Vents
... with a fascinating array of life. Tubeworms and huge clams are the most distinctive inhabitants of Pacific Ocean vent sites, while eyeless shrimp are found only at vents in the Atlantic Ocean. The first hydrothermal vent was discovered in 1977. They are known to exist in the Pacific and Atlantic oce ...
... with a fascinating array of life. Tubeworms and huge clams are the most distinctive inhabitants of Pacific Ocean vent sites, while eyeless shrimp are found only at vents in the Atlantic Ocean. The first hydrothermal vent was discovered in 1977. They are known to exist in the Pacific and Atlantic oce ...
report - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
... 5.1. CERC in Remote Sensing of the New Arctic Frontier (lead: Marcel Babin) This CERC involves 7 different PIs and laboratories. It applies the most recent advances in remote sensing, completed by process studies at sea, to track the response of arctic marine ecosystems to climate variability and ch ...
... 5.1. CERC in Remote Sensing of the New Arctic Frontier (lead: Marcel Babin) This CERC involves 7 different PIs and laboratories. It applies the most recent advances in remote sensing, completed by process studies at sea, to track the response of arctic marine ecosystems to climate variability and ch ...
Inside Earth - Davis` Dazzlers
... erupts. The molten material then spreads out, pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge. The molten rock cools and forms new land (salt) as the plates move. The older plate sinks below the other plate and can make mountains and/or islands which will be volcanic o Force within Earth allows new oc ...
... erupts. The molten material then spreads out, pushing older rock to both sides of the ridge. The molten rock cools and forms new land (salt) as the plates move. The older plate sinks below the other plate and can make mountains and/or islands which will be volcanic o Force within Earth allows new oc ...
Oceans: The Last Frontier
... • Oceanic ridges are characterized by: – An elevated position – Extensive faulting – Numerous volcanic structures that have developed on newly formed crust • Consist of layer upon layer of faulted and uplifted basaltic rocks • Mid-Atlantic ridge has been studied more thoroughly than any other ridge ...
... • Oceanic ridges are characterized by: – An elevated position – Extensive faulting – Numerous volcanic structures that have developed on newly formed crust • Consist of layer upon layer of faulted and uplifted basaltic rocks • Mid-Atlantic ridge has been studied more thoroughly than any other ridge ...
Oceanography Water, Seawater and Ocean Circulation and Dynamics
... the oceans would be frozen solid) Possibly most important for the chemical processes of life-- water is a universal solvent. It has the ability to dissolve more substances than any other liquid (due, once again, to its polar characteristics and hydrogen bonding). When dissolved in water, salts tur ...
... the oceans would be frozen solid) Possibly most important for the chemical processes of life-- water is a universal solvent. It has the ability to dissolve more substances than any other liquid (due, once again, to its polar characteristics and hydrogen bonding). When dissolved in water, salts tur ...
CH 4 - mcdowellscience
... Although carbon does cycle fairly rapidly from atmosphere to ocean and organic life, it does get tied up for geologically long periods in the carbon-silicate cycle. 1)Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in water, forming carbonic acid. H2CO3. This is why all rain is slightly acidic. ...
... Although carbon does cycle fairly rapidly from atmosphere to ocean and organic life, it does get tied up for geologically long periods in the carbon-silicate cycle. 1)Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere dissolves in water, forming carbonic acid. H2CO3. This is why all rain is slightly acidic. ...
Lecture outline Microbial ecology and communities
... contained in all three major domains of life—Eukaryota, Archaea, and Bacteria—and also include viruses. Microbes are also ubiquitous and impact the entire biosphere, including some of the most extreme, from frozen environments and acidic lakes, to hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the deepest ocea ...
... contained in all three major domains of life—Eukaryota, Archaea, and Bacteria—and also include viruses. Microbes are also ubiquitous and impact the entire biosphere, including some of the most extreme, from frozen environments and acidic lakes, to hydrothermal vents at the bottom of the deepest ocea ...
Exploitation of sea-based resources and acidification
... habitats, concerns the production of shells and plates from calcium carbonate, which is referred to as calcification. Calcification is crucial for the survival of marine organisms. This process includes the precipitation8 of dissolved ions into solid CaCO₃ structures, which are then also vulnerable ...
... habitats, concerns the production of shells and plates from calcium carbonate, which is referred to as calcification. Calcification is crucial for the survival of marine organisms. This process includes the precipitation8 of dissolved ions into solid CaCO₃ structures, which are then also vulnerable ...
Changing Ocean Biological Systems (COBS)
... There has been increased use of mesocosms (large volume, 1000 L or more, enclosures, Figure 4) to examine marine pelagic ecosystems in coastal and most recently oceanic waters, which has provided valuable information on the responses of the organisms that occupy trophic levels across foodwebs (Calbe ...
... There has been increased use of mesocosms (large volume, 1000 L or more, enclosures, Figure 4) to examine marine pelagic ecosystems in coastal and most recently oceanic waters, which has provided valuable information on the responses of the organisms that occupy trophic levels across foodwebs (Calbe ...
Ocean Currents - WordPress.com
... ◦ The first research ship to study oceans ◦ Investigated ocean currents, water temperature, and chemical composition of the oceans ◦ Used sonar to map the seafloor features of the South Atlantic Ocean (including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) ◦ Continually monitors ocean surface temperatures, currents, and ...
... ◦ The first research ship to study oceans ◦ Investigated ocean currents, water temperature, and chemical composition of the oceans ◦ Used sonar to map the seafloor features of the South Atlantic Ocean (including the Mid-Atlantic Ridge) ◦ Continually monitors ocean surface temperatures, currents, and ...
Earth`s Crust in Motion – Study Guide
... Heat transfer within a material or between materials that are touching is called conduction. The transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid is called convection. ...
... Heat transfer within a material or between materials that are touching is called conduction. The transfer of heat by the movement of currents within a fluid is called convection. ...
Pangea Location of different fossils, location of different types of
... The Hawaiian islands are on the Pacific Plate which is moving over a hot spot. The islands were created, one at a time, by the hot spot. ...
... The Hawaiian islands are on the Pacific Plate which is moving over a hot spot. The islands were created, one at a time, by the hot spot. ...
The Changing Ocean Carbon Cycle - Assets
... prevailed for the next dozen years, culminating with the schematic for geographic distribution of primary production published by Koblentz-Mishke et al. () (Fig. .). Regardless of subsequent upward revisions of this estimate by –% through the s and s, the original estimate and ac ...
... prevailed for the next dozen years, culminating with the schematic for geographic distribution of primary production published by Koblentz-Mishke et al. () (Fig. .). Regardless of subsequent upward revisions of this estimate by –% through the s and s, the original estimate and ac ...
Ocean Web Quest Task Sheet PLEASE REMEMBER TO WRITE IN
... http://www.mos.org/oceans/motion/wind.html 1. The size of a wave depends on It depends on how far, how fast, or how long the wind blows. 2. Waves travel through water, they do not take the water with them. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ocean/Waves.shtml 3. Tsunamis are sometimes called t ...
... http://www.mos.org/oceans/motion/wind.html 1. The size of a wave depends on It depends on how far, how fast, or how long the wind blows. 2. Waves travel through water, they do not take the water with them. http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/ocean/Waves.shtml 3. Tsunamis are sometimes called t ...
Restoring the westerly winds in the Southern Hemisphere
... of upwelled CDW that moves southward supplies heat to Antarctic sea ice, ice shelves, and ice sheets, causing them to melt, potentially accelerating sea level rise (Walker et al., 2007). During this century it is estimated that 25–30% of sea ice volume may be lost due to changes to the westerly wind ...
... of upwelled CDW that moves southward supplies heat to Antarctic sea ice, ice shelves, and ice sheets, causing them to melt, potentially accelerating sea level rise (Walker et al., 2007). During this century it is estimated that 25–30% of sea ice volume may be lost due to changes to the westerly wind ...
the response of echinoderms to ocean acidification
... 1) in terms of fertilization, viz. a reduction of over 30% [for tide pool 1] compared to about 20% for tide pool 2.” Commenting on their findings, Moulin et al. conclude that “sea urchins inhabiting stressful intertidal environments produce offspring that may better resist future ocean acidification ...
... 1) in terms of fertilization, viz. a reduction of over 30% [for tide pool 1] compared to about 20% for tide pool 2.” Commenting on their findings, Moulin et al. conclude that “sea urchins inhabiting stressful intertidal environments produce offspring that may better resist future ocean acidification ...
Society and the Sea, Fall 2008 - University of California San Diego
... 34. Fossils are useful in determining the age of sediment deposits because they a) provide relative ages b)provide absolute ages c) occur in all rocks d) are easily recognized 35. Which of the following does NOT suggest Plate Tectonic Theory as true: a) similar fossils and geological formations that ...
... 34. Fossils are useful in determining the age of sediment deposits because they a) provide relative ages b)provide absolute ages c) occur in all rocks d) are easily recognized 35. Which of the following does NOT suggest Plate Tectonic Theory as true: a) similar fossils and geological formations that ...
Ocean Currents
... North. There the water is cooled and sinks into the deep ocean. This newly formed deep water is subsequently exported southward. Together with the Gulf Stream it contributes to the comparatively warm sea surface temperature along the coast of western Europe and to the relative mild European winters. ...
... North. There the water is cooled and sinks into the deep ocean. This newly formed deep water is subsequently exported southward. Together with the Gulf Stream it contributes to the comparatively warm sea surface temperature along the coast of western Europe and to the relative mild European winters. ...
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... arth is a dynamic planet—its surface is in constant motion and continually changing. Driven from deep within the earth, movements of the great tectonic plates are the fundamental driving forces that change the shape of our planet. On geological time scales, these forces tear apart continents and bui ...
... arth is a dynamic planet—its surface is in constant motion and continually changing. Driven from deep within the earth, movements of the great tectonic plates are the fundamental driving forces that change the shape of our planet. On geological time scales, these forces tear apart continents and bui ...
Radioisotopes
... dispersal of radioisotopes, or regular research cruises, scientists must rely on mathematical ocean models to predict where radioactivity from Fukushima is f lowing. These incorporate the best-known physics of ocean current dynamics, but modeling the unique currents off Japan’s Pacific coast can be ...
... dispersal of radioisotopes, or regular research cruises, scientists must rely on mathematical ocean models to predict where radioactivity from Fukushima is f lowing. These incorporate the best-known physics of ocean current dynamics, but modeling the unique currents off Japan’s Pacific coast can be ...
Powerpoint
... In the thermocline, the water quickly gets colder the deeper you go This layer separates the warm, surface layer from the cool, deeper waters ...
... In the thermocline, the water quickly gets colder the deeper you go This layer separates the warm, surface layer from the cool, deeper waters ...
Gas Stoichiometry Worksheet
... Gas Stoichiometry Practice For problems 1-3, assume that the reactions are being performed at a pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 298 K. ...
... Gas Stoichiometry Practice For problems 1-3, assume that the reactions are being performed at a pressure of 1.0 atm and a temperature of 298 K. ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.