Marine Microbiology at Scripps - University of California San Diego
... nitrous oxide, now known to be an important greenhouse gas. Beijerinck also founded the field of virology through his work on plant viruses (van Iterson et al., 1983). Mills (1989) describes the significance of the work of Beijerink and Winogradsky to plankton research and marine chemistry. Around 1 ...
... nitrous oxide, now known to be an important greenhouse gas. Beijerinck also founded the field of virology through his work on plant viruses (van Iterson et al., 1983). Mills (1989) describes the significance of the work of Beijerink and Winogradsky to plankton research and marine chemistry. Around 1 ...
as pdf, 3.4 MB
... to the pre-industrial value while also limiting the rate of temperature change to a maximum of 0.2°C per decade – is essential not only to prevent dangerous climatic changes but also to maintain the state of the oceans. ...
... to the pre-industrial value while also limiting the rate of temperature change to a maximum of 0.2°C per decade – is essential not only to prevent dangerous climatic changes but also to maintain the state of the oceans. ...
DOC - Europa.eu
... The Arctic is in rapid transformation, due to climate change, long-range pollution and human activities. Arctic air temperatures have been increasing twice as rapidly as the global average. The ice cover and the permafrost are shrinking at a rhythm surpassing earlier predictions. The effects of clim ...
... The Arctic is in rapid transformation, due to climate change, long-range pollution and human activities. Arctic air temperatures have been increasing twice as rapidly as the global average. The ice cover and the permafrost are shrinking at a rhythm surpassing earlier predictions. The effects of clim ...
Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy of the Oceans
... Emiliani started the measurements of oxygen isotopes from calcite shells of foraminifera. The foraminifera are unicellular organisms floating in the water column (planktonic species) or living on the seafloor (benthic species) whose calcite tests accumulate in oceanic sediments after their death. An ...
... Emiliani started the measurements of oxygen isotopes from calcite shells of foraminifera. The foraminifera are unicellular organisms floating in the water column (planktonic species) or living on the seafloor (benthic species) whose calcite tests accumulate in oceanic sediments after their death. An ...
Relating paleoclimate data and past temperature gradients: Some
... would be a risky procedure. How then can we estimate what has happened in the past, and is likely to happen in the future? Obviously the best approach would be to improve our techniques for determining what happened in the past, and, with the aid of such observations, improve our ability to model th ...
... would be a risky procedure. How then can we estimate what has happened in the past, and is likely to happen in the future? Obviously the best approach would be to improve our techniques for determining what happened in the past, and, with the aid of such observations, improve our ability to model th ...
A negative feedback between anthropogenic ozone pollution and
... positive radiative forcing effects in the troposphere. Emissions of inorganic iodine have been experimentally shown to depend on the deposition to the oceans of tropospheric ozone, whose concentrations have significantly increased since 1850 as a result of human activities. A chemistry–climate model ...
... positive radiative forcing effects in the troposphere. Emissions of inorganic iodine have been experimentally shown to depend on the deposition to the oceans of tropospheric ozone, whose concentrations have significantly increased since 1850 as a result of human activities. A chemistry–climate model ...
Reader Chapter 2 In chapter 2 and 3 you can read more about the
... The range of clast sizes within a given sediment reflects a characteristic called ‘sorting’. A poorly sorted sediment has a wide range of clast sizes. Clast sorting and clast shape reflect the mechanisms of sediment transport and deposition. Mass-wasted sediment and ice-transported sediment tend to ...
... The range of clast sizes within a given sediment reflects a characteristic called ‘sorting’. A poorly sorted sediment has a wide range of clast sizes. Clast sorting and clast shape reflect the mechanisms of sediment transport and deposition. Mass-wasted sediment and ice-transported sediment tend to ...
The Future of Marine Animal Populations
... results will be synthesized in two main synthesis products: A toolbox paper will describe the multiple approaches of reconstructing long-term trends and how to compare results across species and studies. A review paper will then synthesize the temporal changes in marine animal abundance, distributio ...
... results will be synthesized in two main synthesis products: A toolbox paper will describe the multiple approaches of reconstructing long-term trends and how to compare results across species and studies. A review paper will then synthesize the temporal changes in marine animal abundance, distributio ...
ES Chapter 17
... and magnetometers showed underwater mountain chains called ocean ridges. • The same data showed that these underwater mountain chains have counterparts called deep-sea trenches. • These two topographic features of the ocean floor puzzled geologists for over a decade after their discovery. ...
... and magnetometers showed underwater mountain chains called ocean ridges. • The same data showed that these underwater mountain chains have counterparts called deep-sea trenches. • These two topographic features of the ocean floor puzzled geologists for over a decade after their discovery. ...
Seafloor Spreading
... and magnetometers showed underwater mountain chains called ocean ridges. • The same data showed that these underwater mountain chains have counterparts called deep-sea trenches. • These two topographic features of the ocean floor puzzled geologists for over a decade after their discovery. ...
... and magnetometers showed underwater mountain chains called ocean ridges. • The same data showed that these underwater mountain chains have counterparts called deep-sea trenches. • These two topographic features of the ocean floor puzzled geologists for over a decade after their discovery. ...
Earth System Chapter 17 PowerPoint
... – Subduction occurs when one of the two converging plates descends beneath the other. – A subduction zone forms when one oceanic plate, which has become denser as a result of cooling, descends below another plate creating a deep-sea trench. – The subducted plate descends into the mantle and melts. – ...
... – Subduction occurs when one of the two converging plates descends beneath the other. – A subduction zone forms when one oceanic plate, which has become denser as a result of cooling, descends below another plate creating a deep-sea trench. – The subducted plate descends into the mantle and melts. – ...
Coral reef ecosystems and anthropogenic climate change
... was an annual event by 2050 (Fig. 2a; Hoegh-Guldberg 1999). The conclusions of the study were confirmed by analysis (for the Great Barrier Reef) that investigated regional differences in the thermal tolerance of corals and calculated the probability of different events returning as oceans warmed (Do ...
... was an annual event by 2050 (Fig. 2a; Hoegh-Guldberg 1999). The conclusions of the study were confirmed by analysis (for the Great Barrier Reef) that investigated regional differences in the thermal tolerance of corals and calculated the probability of different events returning as oceans warmed (Do ...
8 Responses of marine benthos to climate change
... the distribution of marine species and mean sea surface isotherms (e.g. Van den Hoek, 1982; Breeman, 1988); a change in the latitudinal distribution of species might be expected when the temperature of the oceans increases. Distribution shifts of marine species in the N ...
... the distribution of marine species and mean sea surface isotherms (e.g. Van den Hoek, 1982; Breeman, 1988); a change in the latitudinal distribution of species might be expected when the temperature of the oceans increases. Distribution shifts of marine species in the N ...
Answers to STUDY BREAK Questions Essentials 5th Chapter 5
... margins, but are dominant on the deep ocean floor. Hydrogenous sediments are minerals that have precipitated directly from seawater. The sources of the dissolved minerals include submerged rock and sediment, leaching of the fresh crust at oceanic ridges, material issuing from hydrothermal vents, or ...
... margins, but are dominant on the deep ocean floor. Hydrogenous sediments are minerals that have precipitated directly from seawater. The sources of the dissolved minerals include submerged rock and sediment, leaching of the fresh crust at oceanic ridges, material issuing from hydrothermal vents, or ...
University of Groningen von Liebig`s Law of the Minimum and
... misinterpreted by his successors. BRAt,rOT(1899) took this one law out of its context and proposed that limitation by nitrogen is a dominant factor in plankton ecology, far beyond its original application to agriculture. This was opposed by NAmANSOrn~(1908) who suggested instead a dynamic balance of ...
... misinterpreted by his successors. BRAt,rOT(1899) took this one law out of its context and proposed that limitation by nitrogen is a dominant factor in plankton ecology, far beyond its original application to agriculture. This was opposed by NAmANSOrn~(1908) who suggested instead a dynamic balance of ...
ODP Greatest Hits
... bacterial mat had disappeared and that unknown in today’s world. We hydrothermal venting had ceased know that large volumes of natural sometime between 1993 and 1996. Photo courtesy of Keir Becker. gas (methane) are frozen within deep-sea marine sediments as gas hydrates and now we’ve discovered tha ...
... bacterial mat had disappeared and that unknown in today’s world. We hydrothermal venting had ceased know that large volumes of natural sometime between 1993 and 1996. Photo courtesy of Keir Becker. gas (methane) are frozen within deep-sea marine sediments as gas hydrates and now we’ve discovered tha ...
Linton and Warner 2003
... Coral reefs flourish in clean, oligotrophic waters and so can be stressed by relatively low levels of eutrophication, which might be normal for a mangrove forest. Other sources of stress include sediments, organic loading, elevated water temperature and direct physical damage. The indirect effects of ...
... Coral reefs flourish in clean, oligotrophic waters and so can be stressed by relatively low levels of eutrophication, which might be normal for a mangrove forest. Other sources of stress include sediments, organic loading, elevated water temperature and direct physical damage. The indirect effects of ...
Introduction to Marine Science
... organisms are having a field day—they have recently discovered an oasis of life in the deep ocean, an area that had previously been thought to be a biological wasteland. The scientists have probed deep down in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and found a surprising diversity of life among the benthos ...
... organisms are having a field day—they have recently discovered an oasis of life in the deep ocean, an area that had previously been thought to be a biological wasteland. The scientists have probed deep down in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans and found a surprising diversity of life among the benthos ...
marine sediments in GE v3
... 1. Go to the GEODE website http://geode.net/exploring-marine-sediments-using-google-earth/ and click on: Surficial Sea Floor Sediment Map Data v2.kmz. Save the file to your computer, and then click on the file to open it. This will automatically open the file in Google Earth. 2. Be sure that the Sed ...
... 1. Go to the GEODE website http://geode.net/exploring-marine-sediments-using-google-earth/ and click on: Surficial Sea Floor Sediment Map Data v2.kmz. Save the file to your computer, and then click on the file to open it. This will automatically open the file in Google Earth. 2. Be sure that the Sed ...
North Atlantic-Arctic Gateways
... oceans are of high relevance for this task, as they directly influence the global environment through the formation of permanent and seasonal ice covers, transfer of sensible and latent heat to the atmosphere, deep-water renewal, and deep-ocean ventilation, all of which control or influence both oce ...
... oceans are of high relevance for this task, as they directly influence the global environment through the formation of permanent and seasonal ice covers, transfer of sensible and latent heat to the atmosphere, deep-water renewal, and deep-ocean ventilation, all of which control or influence both oce ...
Exploring the distance between nitrogen and
... Part of the sampling for this study was performed in mesocosms designed to study acidification effects. In the Baltic, the water was collected as integrated samples (depth 0–10 m) in Storfjärden near Tvärminne field station (59◦ 51.500 N, 23◦ 15.500 E) on 6 August 2012. The collection was performed ...
... Part of the sampling for this study was performed in mesocosms designed to study acidification effects. In the Baltic, the water was collected as integrated samples (depth 0–10 m) in Storfjärden near Tvärminne field station (59◦ 51.500 N, 23◦ 15.500 E) on 6 August 2012. The collection was performed ...
Renewable Energies from the Ocean.pdf
... Air–sea interaction is, according to Geer (1), the interchange of energy (e.g., heat and kinetic energy) and mass (e.g., moisture and particles) that takes place across the active surface interface between the top layer of the ocean and the layer of air in contact with it and vice versa. The fluxes ...
... Air–sea interaction is, according to Geer (1), the interchange of energy (e.g., heat and kinetic energy) and mass (e.g., moisture and particles) that takes place across the active surface interface between the top layer of the ocean and the layer of air in contact with it and vice versa. The fluxes ...
Review of the Southern Ocean Sanctuary: Marine Protected Areas in
... prescriptions within the sanctuary. While a vast array of ecosystem-level and precautionary conservation benefits have been invoked for the establishment of the SOS, in reality this sanctuary does little more than provide a false sense of security by assuming that broad protections for whale populat ...
... prescriptions within the sanctuary. While a vast array of ecosystem-level and precautionary conservation benefits have been invoked for the establishment of the SOS, in reality this sanctuary does little more than provide a false sense of security by assuming that broad protections for whale populat ...
Sea Floor Spreading and Plate Tectonics
... and magnetometers showed underwater mountain chains called ocean ridges. The same data showed that these underwater mountain chains have counterparts called deep-sea trenches. These two topographic features of the ocean floor puzzled geologists for over a decade after their discovery. ...
... and magnetometers showed underwater mountain chains called ocean ridges. The same data showed that these underwater mountain chains have counterparts called deep-sea trenches. These two topographic features of the ocean floor puzzled geologists for over a decade after their discovery. ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.