Drilling at sea: Hydrocarbon Exploration
... Gravity Loading Hypothesis: This attributes subsidence to sediment load (effectively replacing seawater with denser sediment), and is based on isostacy. The amount of subsidence depends on relative densities of seawater (1.03), sediment (2.15 – 2.55) and the underlying mantle (3.3). If the sea is f ...
... Gravity Loading Hypothesis: This attributes subsidence to sediment load (effectively replacing seawater with denser sediment), and is based on isostacy. The amount of subsidence depends on relative densities of seawater (1.03), sediment (2.15 – 2.55) and the underlying mantle (3.3). If the sea is f ...
Mass balance related to UHP metamorphism in subduction zones
... Σvolcanism = 1.96 +1.47/-0.71 108 tons/year CO2 unbalanced: 0.77 H2O balance: ...
... Σvolcanism = 1.96 +1.47/-0.71 108 tons/year CO2 unbalanced: 0.77 H2O balance: ...
ERICON_Deliverable 2.5_20p_May12.indd
... planned observing systems around the world, and support the development of new systems where gaps currently exist. It will promote common technical standards so that data from the thousands of different instruments can be combined into coherent data sets. GOOS, the Global Ocean Observing System (htt ...
... planned observing systems around the world, and support the development of new systems where gaps currently exist. It will promote common technical standards so that data from the thousands of different instruments can be combined into coherent data sets. GOOS, the Global Ocean Observing System (htt ...
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SÃO CARLOS BIOTIC FACTORS
... controversial. Niche models predict higher richness at high latitudes in winter, while snapshot field-sampling point towards higher richness at intermediate latitudes, with lower values both towards equatorial and Polar Regions. However, given the dynamic nature of ocean’s ecosystem it is difficult ...
... controversial. Niche models predict higher richness at high latitudes in winter, while snapshot field-sampling point towards higher richness at intermediate latitudes, with lower values both towards equatorial and Polar Regions. However, given the dynamic nature of ocean’s ecosystem it is difficult ...
Western Australian Integrated Marine Observing System (WAIMOS
... Marine environments of northern and western Australia are strongly influenced by oceanic boundary currents off the coast. The longest and most unique of these is the Leeuwin Current that originates from the northern region of Australia, extends over 8000km to the south, influencing more than 2/3 of ...
... Marine environments of northern and western Australia are strongly influenced by oceanic boundary currents off the coast. The longest and most unique of these is the Leeuwin Current that originates from the northern region of Australia, extends over 8000km to the south, influencing more than 2/3 of ...
Chapter 5 Geochemical Weathering
... constant PCO2 and restrains pH to the circum-neutral range. As shown in the next section, this contrasts with carbonate dissolution under closed system conditions where the limited CO2 gained during infiltration through the soil precludes extensive weathering. Here, the PCO2 will evolve to very low ...
... constant PCO2 and restrains pH to the circum-neutral range. As shown in the next section, this contrasts with carbonate dissolution under closed system conditions where the limited CO2 gained during infiltration through the soil precludes extensive weathering. Here, the PCO2 will evolve to very low ...
IPCC WGII AR5 Chapter 6 FIRST-‐ORDER DRAFT Expert Review
... change on oceanic ecosystems. Being a “mechanism-‐based” scientist, working with individuals and mainly with physiological of considering the mechanisms behind ecoogical change and have mechanisms to explain specie- ...
... change on oceanic ecosystems. Being a “mechanism-‐based” scientist, working with individuals and mainly with physiological of considering the mechanisms behind ecoogical change and have mechanisms to explain specie- ...
Sensors for observing ecosystem status
... To start with some general definitions regarding remote sensing are necessary: remote measurement sensors can be “passive” and “active” but both record the intensity of a signal from a target. Passive sensors usually use the reflected spectrum of the sun. Active sensors are equipped with a light sou ...
... To start with some general definitions regarding remote sensing are necessary: remote measurement sensors can be “passive” and “active” but both record the intensity of a signal from a target. Passive sensors usually use the reflected spectrum of the sun. Active sensors are equipped with a light sou ...
Book_of_Abstracts_01Oct2011.
... The aim of this conference is to bring together early career scientists to present and discuss their research in an engaged, multidisciplinary environment and offer opportunities to discover potential synergies between wide-ranging topics, thereby fostering interdisciplinary research. Sessions are t ...
... The aim of this conference is to bring together early career scientists to present and discuss their research in an engaged, multidisciplinary environment and offer opportunities to discover potential synergies between wide-ranging topics, thereby fostering interdisciplinary research. Sessions are t ...
Bacteria-organic matter coupling and its significance for oceanic
... denitrification [37] and sulfate reduction [57]. These are biogeochemical transformations not predicted by models that assume random distribution of organic matter and microbes in the pelagic environment. The above discussion shows that there is support for the idea, in general terms, that organic p ...
... denitrification [37] and sulfate reduction [57]. These are biogeochemical transformations not predicted by models that assume random distribution of organic matter and microbes in the pelagic environment. The above discussion shows that there is support for the idea, in general terms, that organic p ...
The report Oceanographic and biological features in the Canary
... parallel to the NWA coastline, and therefore the actual global warming scenario may affect the CCLME by warming the upper ocean waters, but also, as suggested by Bakun (1990), by intensifying the upwelling and therefore cooling the upper ocean waters. Bakun’s hypothesis suggested that the increase ...
... parallel to the NWA coastline, and therefore the actual global warming scenario may affect the CCLME by warming the upper ocean waters, but also, as suggested by Bakun (1990), by intensifying the upwelling and therefore cooling the upper ocean waters. Bakun’s hypothesis suggested that the increase ...
Microbes and volcanoes: A tale from the oceans, ophiolites, and
... increase of a factor of 2.5 for an average density of tubular alteration textures and a two orders-of-magnitude increase for granular alteration textures. While these estimates are likely bound by large errors, it is clear that surface area increases during biotic alteration, while abiotic alteratio ...
... increase of a factor of 2.5 for an average density of tubular alteration textures and a two orders-of-magnitude increase for granular alteration textures. While these estimates are likely bound by large errors, it is clear that surface area increases during biotic alteration, while abiotic alteratio ...
Combined Effect of Antibiotics and Ocean Acidification on Marine
... Gullmar fjord. Seasonal variability in bacterial diversity was accounted for by repeating the experiment twice (during autumn and spring). The pH levels investigated were in situ seawater pH 8.1 and pH 7.7 representing the present day situation and acidification scenario predicted for the year 2100. ...
... Gullmar fjord. Seasonal variability in bacterial diversity was accounted for by repeating the experiment twice (during autumn and spring). The pH levels investigated were in situ seawater pH 8.1 and pH 7.7 representing the present day situation and acidification scenario predicted for the year 2100. ...
Post-glacial flooding of the Beringia Land Bridge dated to 11,000 cal
... ages are calibrated using the approach as for Core 2-PC1 described above. One of two dates at 417 cm depth is, however, clearly too old when compared to the other radiocarbon samples (Table 1; Fig. 3B). This date is considered to have been derived from a reworked shell and therefore treated as an ou ...
... ages are calibrated using the approach as for Core 2-PC1 described above. One of two dates at 417 cm depth is, however, clearly too old when compared to the other radiocarbon samples (Table 1; Fig. 3B). This date is considered to have been derived from a reworked shell and therefore treated as an ou ...
Shelf Seas - International Arctic Science Committee
... factor in answering this question is the relationship between flux of nutrients and flux of carbon. If the two fluxes balance according to classical ratios of organic matter, then the effect on air-sea flux should be negligible. The particle flux, on the other hand, which usually increases with incr ...
... factor in answering this question is the relationship between flux of nutrients and flux of carbon. If the two fluxes balance according to classical ratios of organic matter, then the effect on air-sea flux should be negligible. The particle flux, on the other hand, which usually increases with incr ...
Will Coral Islands Maintain Their Growth over the Next Century? A
... community carbonate production as a function of seawater aragonite saturation, community composition and rugosity and incorporating estimates of carbonate removal from the reef system. Key carbonate producers including hard coral, crustose coralline algae and Halimeda are mapped accurately (mean R2 ...
... community carbonate production as a function of seawater aragonite saturation, community composition and rugosity and incorporating estimates of carbonate removal from the reef system. Key carbonate producers including hard coral, crustose coralline algae and Halimeda are mapped accurately (mean R2 ...
Chapter 46 – Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps
... Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps constitute energy hotspots on the seafloor that sustain some of the most remarkable ecosystems on earth. Occurring in diverse geological settings, these environments share high concentrations of reduced chemicals (e.g., methane, sulphide, hydrogen, iron II) that dri ...
... Hydrothermal vents and cold seeps constitute energy hotspots on the seafloor that sustain some of the most remarkable ecosystems on earth. Occurring in diverse geological settings, these environments share high concentrations of reduced chemicals (e.g., methane, sulphide, hydrogen, iron II) that dri ...
Ocean Upper Mantle Initiative: The oceanic lithosphere and its
... unique within Europe with its combination of broadband sensor technology and long deployment times (currently up to 1 year). However, this facility has not yet been fully utilised by the broadband seismological community because of the special logistical and financial requirements of ocean bottom ex ...
... unique within Europe with its combination of broadband sensor technology and long deployment times (currently up to 1 year). However, this facility has not yet been fully utilised by the broadband seismological community because of the special logistical and financial requirements of ocean bottom ex ...
QUALITY INFORMATION DOCUMENT For Global Biogeochemical
... Production Subsystem description ................................................................................................................ 6 II.1 Biogeochemical model PISCES ................................................................................................................ 6 II.2 ...
... Production Subsystem description ................................................................................................................ 6 II.1 Biogeochemical model PISCES ................................................................................................................ 6 II.2 ...
Resource Booklet
... Lecture 1.4: Human Influence on the Ocean .......................................................................................................... 11 Lecture 1.5 The Ocean as a Common Heritage of Mankind .................................................................................... 13 Lectur ...
... Lecture 1.4: Human Influence on the Ocean .......................................................................................................... 11 Lecture 1.5 The Ocean as a Common Heritage of Mankind .................................................................................... 13 Lectur ...
First Meeting of the joint IOC-ICES Study Group - Archimer
... A meeting of the joint IOC-ICES Study Group on Nutrient Standards (SGONS) was held in Paris, France on 23–24 March 2010. It focused on the ongoing activity of SGONS and plans for extended international collaborations to establish global comparability of the nutrient data from the world’s ocean. Thir ...
... A meeting of the joint IOC-ICES Study Group on Nutrient Standards (SGONS) was held in Paris, France on 23–24 March 2010. It focused on the ongoing activity of SGONS and plans for extended international collaborations to establish global comparability of the nutrient data from the world’s ocean. Thir ...
Foraminifera and Nannoplankton in Palaeoceanography
... calcification took place in distinctive water masses and probably during well-individualised seasons, thus increasing the thermal and the isotopic contrast. A second ecological mode was identified, during which different species of planktonic foraminifera show a convergence in their habitat, with si ...
... calcification took place in distinctive water masses and probably during well-individualised seasons, thus increasing the thermal and the isotopic contrast. A second ecological mode was identified, during which different species of planktonic foraminifera show a convergence in their habitat, with si ...
Common signals between physical and atmospheric variables and
... climatic signal is possibly present in the oceanic biota. Finally, the 14-month periodicity observed is similar to that found in another oscillation, the Pole Tide, also known as Chandler wobble. Originally found in 1891, following analysis of astronomical data by Chandler, as an oscillation of the ...
... climatic signal is possibly present in the oceanic biota. Finally, the 14-month periodicity observed is similar to that found in another oscillation, the Pole Tide, also known as Chandler wobble. Originally found in 1891, following analysis of astronomical data by Chandler, as an oscillation of the ...
PDF
... Since the publication of The Royal Society's report Ocean Acidification Due to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (June 2005, http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk), there has been growing concern for the potential adverse impacts of a slowly acidifying sea upon marine ecosystems. In recognition of the need ...
... Since the publication of The Royal Society's report Ocean Acidification Due to Increasing Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide (June 2005, http://www.royalsoc.ac.uk), there has been growing concern for the potential adverse impacts of a slowly acidifying sea upon marine ecosystems. In recognition of the need ...
Sunlight and water transparency: cornerstones in coral
... The dashed lines on Fig. 4 represent the carbon loss due to respiration required to sustain the zooxanthellae (Rz) and the zooxanthellae –coral complex (Rz + c). For Rz, we used a P:R ratio of 4.0 (Chalker et al., 1983). For Rz + c we used the value of P/R as 1.3 (Chalker and Dunlap, 1983). Compensa ...
... The dashed lines on Fig. 4 represent the carbon loss due to respiration required to sustain the zooxanthellae (Rz) and the zooxanthellae –coral complex (Rz + c). For Rz, we used a P:R ratio of 4.0 (Chalker et al., 1983). For Rz + c we used the value of P/R as 1.3 (Chalker and Dunlap, 1983). Compensa ...
Ocean acidification
Ocean acidification is the ongoing decrease in the pH of the Earth's oceans, caused by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere. An estimated 30–40% of the carbon dioxide from human activity released into the atmosphere dissolves into oceans, rivers and lakes. To achieve chemical equilibrium, some of it reacts with the water to form carbonic acid. Some of these extra carbonic acid molecules react with a water molecule to give a bicarbonate ion and a hydronium ion, thus increasing ocean acidity (H+ ion concentration). Between 1751 and 1994 surface ocean pH is estimated to have decreased from approximately 8.25 to 8.14, representing an increase of almost 30% in H+ ion concentration in the world's oceans. Since current and projected ocean pH levels are above 7.0, the oceans are technically alkaline now and will remain so; referring to this effect as ""decreasing ocean alkalinity"" would be equally correct if less politically useful. Earth System Models project that within the last decade ocean acidity exceeded historical analogs and in combination with other ocean biogeochemical changes could undermine the functioning of marine ecosystems and disrupt the provision of many goods and services associated with the ocean.Increasing acidity is thought to have a range of possibly harmful consequences, such as depressing metabolic rates and immune responses in some organisms, and causing coral bleaching. This also causes decreasing oxygen levels as it kills off algae.Other chemical reactions are triggered which result in a net decrease in the amount of carbonate ions available. This makes it more difficult for marine calcifying organisms, such as coral and some plankton, to form biogenic calcium carbonate, and such structures become vulnerable to dissolution. Ongoing acidification of the oceans threatens food chains connected with the oceans. As members of the InterAcademy Panel, 105 science academies have issued a statement on ocean acidification recommending that by 2050, global CO2 emissions be reduced by at least 50% compared to the 1990 level.Ocean acidification has been called the ""evil twin of global warming"" and ""the other CO2 problem"".Ocean acidification has occurred previously in Earth's history. The most notable example is the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM), which occurred approximately 56 million years ago. For reasons that are currently uncertain, massive amounts of carbon entered the ocean and atmosphere, and led to the dissolution of carbonate sediments in all ocean basins.