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... vacant orbitals in their d subshell, so they are able to act as Lewis acids and accept lone pairs of electrons when they bond with ligands to form complex ions. Ligands, as donors of lone pairs, are therefore acting as Lewis bases ...
... vacant orbitals in their d subshell, so they are able to act as Lewis acids and accept lone pairs of electrons when they bond with ligands to form complex ions. Ligands, as donors of lone pairs, are therefore acting as Lewis bases ...
ppt
... Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions of esters (Table 20.5). Esters are less reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution than Acid chlorides or acid anhydrides. 1. Aminolysis: Esters react with ammonia, 1° amd 2° amines to give amides ...
... Nucleophilic acyl substitution reactions of esters (Table 20.5). Esters are less reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution than Acid chlorides or acid anhydrides. 1. Aminolysis: Esters react with ammonia, 1° amd 2° amines to give amides ...
Lectures 34-35
... solution, but the pKa scale doesn’t just go from 0 to 14! Often times, the solvent for a reaction is chosen based (at least in part) ...
... solution, but the pKa scale doesn’t just go from 0 to 14! Often times, the solvent for a reaction is chosen based (at least in part) ...
A Lesson on the Science and Art of Perfumery
... that perfume was first used by the Egyptians as part of religious ceremonies to please the gods and ward off evil spirits. As time went on, perfumes were used by the wealthy for personal care purposes, home fragrances, and as a means to cover up the stench of illness or of city living. Over the cent ...
... that perfume was first used by the Egyptians as part of religious ceremonies to please the gods and ward off evil spirits. As time went on, perfumes were used by the wealthy for personal care purposes, home fragrances, and as a means to cover up the stench of illness or of city living. Over the cent ...
alcohols03
... Alcohols and phenols have similar geometry to HOH. The R-O-H bond angle is approximately tetrahedral (109) and the ‘O’ atom is sp3 hybridized. Because of the presence of the hydroxyl group, alcohols (and phenols) have significantly higher boiling points than their constitutional (structural) is ...
... Alcohols and phenols have similar geometry to HOH. The R-O-H bond angle is approximately tetrahedral (109) and the ‘O’ atom is sp3 hybridized. Because of the presence of the hydroxyl group, alcohols (and phenols) have significantly higher boiling points than their constitutional (structural) is ...
Organic Chemistry
... Soap was made by reacting fat (esters of stearic acid and glycerin) with NaOH to ...
... Soap was made by reacting fat (esters of stearic acid and glycerin) with NaOH to ...
Organic Chemistry
... CH3OH methyl alcohol, methanol, “wood alcohol”. Impurity in moonshine; causes blindness CH3CH2OH ethyl alcohol, ethanol, “alcohol” Prepared by fermentation of sugar-containing plant material. ...
... CH3OH methyl alcohol, methanol, “wood alcohol”. Impurity in moonshine; causes blindness CH3CH2OH ethyl alcohol, ethanol, “alcohol” Prepared by fermentation of sugar-containing plant material. ...
Chapter 21: Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
... produces a carboxylic acid and amine • Acidic hydrolysis by nucleophilic addition of water to the protonated amide, followed by loss of ...
... produces a carboxylic acid and amine • Acidic hydrolysis by nucleophilic addition of water to the protonated amide, followed by loss of ...
幻灯片 1
... The compound is termed as ortho if the two substituents are on the adjacent carbon atoms. In IUPAC system to indicate these positions are 1, 2. (b) Meta. The compound is termed as meta if the two substituents are on alternate carbon atom. In IUPAC system to indicate these position are 1, 3. (c) Par ...
... The compound is termed as ortho if the two substituents are on the adjacent carbon atoms. In IUPAC system to indicate these positions are 1, 2. (b) Meta. The compound is termed as meta if the two substituents are on alternate carbon atom. In IUPAC system to indicate these position are 1, 3. (c) Par ...
Chapter 9 Organic chemistry: The Infinite Varietyof Carbon
... • –OH group on benzene ring – Different chemical properties than other ...
... • –OH group on benzene ring – Different chemical properties than other ...
No Slide Title
... Biochemical Compounds • A carbohydate is any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things. • A protein is an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids, and a principal component of all cells. • An amino acid is any on ...
... Biochemical Compounds • A carbohydate is any organic compound that is made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and that provides nutrients to the cells of living things. • A protein is an organic compound that is a polymer of amino acids, and a principal component of all cells. • An amino acid is any on ...
Synthesis of p-hydroxy alkyl benzoates
... Parabens [Fig.2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4] have been attracting great interest because of their importance in synthetic organic chemistry. Parabens have been widely used as antimicrobial preservative agents in foods, beverages, drugs and cosmetics for more than fifty years due to their broad antimicrobial ...
... Parabens [Fig.2.1, 2.2, 2.3 and 2.4] have been attracting great interest because of their importance in synthetic organic chemistry. Parabens have been widely used as antimicrobial preservative agents in foods, beverages, drugs and cosmetics for more than fifty years due to their broad antimicrobial ...
Hein and Arena
... • The boiling points of ethers, thiols, sulfides, and disulfides are much lower than those of alcohols with similar molecular weights, because none of these compounds are able to form hydrogen bonds to like molecules. • Ether molecules are slightly polar as a consequence of the C-O-C linkage, but t ...
... • The boiling points of ethers, thiols, sulfides, and disulfides are much lower than those of alcohols with similar molecular weights, because none of these compounds are able to form hydrogen bonds to like molecules. • Ether molecules are slightly polar as a consequence of the C-O-C linkage, but t ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Infrared Spectroscopy
... Infrared Absorbance & Molecular Vibrations for CCl4 Stretching & Bending ...
... Infrared Absorbance & Molecular Vibrations for CCl4 Stretching & Bending ...
RTF (Rich Text Format)
... peppers and tomatoes contained more β-carotene, lutein, flavonoids and vitamin C than conventional fruits. In this study, red peppers from organic cultivation were found to have clearly higher levels of vitamin C and lutein than those from conventional management. These results can be compared with ...
... peppers and tomatoes contained more β-carotene, lutein, flavonoids and vitamin C than conventional fruits. In this study, red peppers from organic cultivation were found to have clearly higher levels of vitamin C and lutein than those from conventional management. These results can be compared with ...
resonance effects - HCC Learning Web
... reactions Examine relationship between aromatic structure and reactivity Relationship critical to understanding of how biological molecules/pharmaceutical agents are synthesized ...
... reactions Examine relationship between aromatic structure and reactivity Relationship critical to understanding of how biological molecules/pharmaceutical agents are synthesized ...
Unit 13 Organic Chem R
... Oil. Black gold, Texas Tea. Oozing slowly out of a fissure in the ground, this thick, gooey black liquid was known to the ancients. It was used to light lamps, set on fire and thrown out at invading armies laying siege to cities. Eventually, people began to realize that oil was not a pure substance, ...
... Oil. Black gold, Texas Tea. Oozing slowly out of a fissure in the ground, this thick, gooey black liquid was known to the ancients. It was used to light lamps, set on fire and thrown out at invading armies laying siege to cities. Eventually, people began to realize that oil was not a pure substance, ...
Unit 13 Organic Chem R
... Oil. Black gold, Texas Tea. Oozing slowly out of a fissure in the ground, this thick, gooey black liquid was known to the ancients. It was used to light lamps, set on fire and thrown out at invading armies laying siege to cities. Eventually, people began to realize that oil was not a pure substance, ...
... Oil. Black gold, Texas Tea. Oozing slowly out of a fissure in the ground, this thick, gooey black liquid was known to the ancients. It was used to light lamps, set on fire and thrown out at invading armies laying siege to cities. Eventually, people began to realize that oil was not a pure substance, ...
Chemical Bingo: Naming Review
... • Name the parent compound • Find the longest chain containing the double or triple bond and name the parent compound by adding the suffix –ene or –yne to the name of the main chain • Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, beginning at the end nearest the double or triple bond • If the multipl ...
... • Name the parent compound • Find the longest chain containing the double or triple bond and name the parent compound by adding the suffix –ene or –yne to the name of the main chain • Number the carbon atoms in the parent chain, beginning at the end nearest the double or triple bond • If the multipl ...
Named Reactions Of Haloalkanes and haloarenes
... In this reaction, benzene is treated with alkyl halide or acyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride acting as a catalyst. As a result,a hydrogen atom in the ring gets replaced either by alkyl group or acyl group. ...
... In this reaction, benzene is treated with alkyl halide or acyl chloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride acting as a catalyst. As a result,a hydrogen atom in the ring gets replaced either by alkyl group or acyl group. ...
Phenols
In organic chemistry, phenols, sometimes called phenolics, are a class of chemical compounds consisting of a hydroxyl group (—OH) bonded directly to an aromatic hydrocarbon group. The simplest of the class is phenol, which is also called carbolic acid C6H5OH. Phenolic compounds are classified as simple phenols or polyphenols based on the number of phenol units in the molecule.Synonyms are arenols or aryl alcohols.Phenolic compounds are synthesized industrially; they also are produced by plants and microorganisms, with variation between and within species.Although similar to alcohols, phenols have unique properties and are not classified as alcohols (since the hydroxyl group is not bonded to a saturated carbon atom). They have higher acidities due to the aromatic ring's tight coupling with the oxygen and a relatively loose bond between the oxygen and hydrogen. The acidity of the hydroxyl group in phenols is commonly intermediate between that of aliphatic alcohols and carboxylic acids (their pKa is usually between 10 and 12).Loss of a positive hydrogen ion (H+) from the hydroxyl group of a phenol forms a corresponding negative phenolate ion or phenoxide ion, and the corresponding salts are called phenolates or phenoxides, although the term aryloxides is preferred according to the IUPAC Gold Book. Phenols can have two or more hydroxy groups bonded to the aromatic ring(s) in the same molecule. The simplest examples are the three benzenediols, each having two hydroxy groups on a benzene ring.Organisms that synthesize phenolic compounds do so in response to ecological pressures such as pathogen and insect attack, UV radiation and wounding. As they are present in food consumed in human diets and in plants used in traditional medicine of several cultures, their role in human health and disease is a subject of research.ref name=Klepacka Some phenols are germicidal and are used in formulating disinfectants. Others possess estrogenic or endocrine disrupting activity.