Slide 1
... Smaller future meridional SST gradient Maximum equatorial warming is a robust response to greenhouse warming (e.g., Xie et al., 2010 J. Climate) ...
... Smaller future meridional SST gradient Maximum equatorial warming is a robust response to greenhouse warming (e.g., Xie et al., 2010 J. Climate) ...
Slide 1
... Raha A, Das S, Banerjee K, and Mitra A. 2012. Climate change impacts on Indian Sunderbans: a time series analysis (1924–2008). Biodiversity and Conservation 21(5):1289–1307. doi:10.1007/s10531-0120260-z Saleem Khan A, Ramachandran A, Usha N, Punitha S, and Selvam V. 2012. Predicted impact of the sea ...
... Raha A, Das S, Banerjee K, and Mitra A. 2012. Climate change impacts on Indian Sunderbans: a time series analysis (1924–2008). Biodiversity and Conservation 21(5):1289–1307. doi:10.1007/s10531-0120260-z Saleem Khan A, Ramachandran A, Usha N, Punitha S, and Selvam V. 2012. Predicted impact of the sea ...
Latitude structure of the circulation Figure 2.12
... fluid below into lighter fluid above requires work limits the mixing. Deep waters tend to remain cold • on long time scales, import of cold waters from a few sinking regions near the poles maintains cold temperatures. Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge UP ...
... fluid below into lighter fluid above requires work limits the mixing. Deep waters tend to remain cold • on long time scales, import of cold waters from a few sinking regions near the poles maintains cold temperatures. Neelin, 2011. Climate Change and Climate Modeling, Cambridge UP ...
General Circulation and Climate Zones
... (cold and salty), which in some regions in the Southern Ocean leads to deep reaching convection, called Antarctic Bottom water. Southern ocean ice exhibits lots of seasonal variability, and is generally only 0.5 meters thick. ...
... (cold and salty), which in some regions in the Southern Ocean leads to deep reaching convection, called Antarctic Bottom water. Southern ocean ice exhibits lots of seasonal variability, and is generally only 0.5 meters thick. ...
A unifying view of climate change in the Sahel linking intra
... Influence of the oceans on the climate of the Sahel ENSO/tropical Pacific dominates interannual time scale Atlantic and Indian Oceans explain multi-decadal persistence of wet and dry epochs ...
... Influence of the oceans on the climate of the Sahel ENSO/tropical Pacific dominates interannual time scale Atlantic and Indian Oceans explain multi-decadal persistence of wet and dry epochs ...
Effects of 2°C Warming IMPACT2C modelling results: climate
... the SRES. It is stressed that even in this scenario, it is likely that annual emissions (of CO2) will need to sharply reduce in the second half of the century, and thus it is likely to require significant climate policy (mitigation). Finally, there is one rising (non-stabilisation) scenario (RCP8.5) ...
... the SRES. It is stressed that even in this scenario, it is likely that annual emissions (of CO2) will need to sharply reduce in the second half of the century, and thus it is likely to require significant climate policy (mitigation). Finally, there is one rising (non-stabilisation) scenario (RCP8.5) ...
Assessing Earthquake Risks along the West African Coast in the
... present climate change episode will also result in crustal movements and adjustmentsand not only in climaterelated hazards as is being recently experienced. The author relies on facts about thetheories of earth structures and systems theory.The author points out recent earthquakes in places that wer ...
... present climate change episode will also result in crustal movements and adjustmentsand not only in climaterelated hazards as is being recently experienced. The author relies on facts about thetheories of earth structures and systems theory.The author points out recent earthquakes in places that wer ...
2015 NGPR Leadership Symposium
... My research aims to provide climate-related variables from satellite microwave observations over snow-covered regions including the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, sea ice in both hemispheres, and subarctic land. To that end, I develop, assess, and refine satellite algorithms. These activities r ...
... My research aims to provide climate-related variables from satellite microwave observations over snow-covered regions including the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, sea ice in both hemispheres, and subarctic land. To that end, I develop, assess, and refine satellite algorithms. These activities r ...
Science of Climate Change
... stated that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal”; and that there was a greater than 90 percent probability that most of the warming since the mid-20th century had been caused by the rapid increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations due to human activities since the start of the industr ...
... stated that “warming of the climate system is unequivocal”; and that there was a greater than 90 percent probability that most of the warming since the mid-20th century had been caused by the rapid increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations due to human activities since the start of the industr ...
Key issues disproving global warming
... 1980 and 2005 would appear much smaller when compared to the various increases between 1700 and 1850 shown below. Warming indeed actually occurred much faster during the pre-industrial age, even though the IPCC and other institutions claim that the extraordinary rapid changes between 1980 and 2005 w ...
... 1980 and 2005 would appear much smaller when compared to the various increases between 1700 and 1850 shown below. Warming indeed actually occurred much faster during the pre-industrial age, even though the IPCC and other institutions claim that the extraordinary rapid changes between 1980 and 2005 w ...
Global Warming
... Strong northward movement of near-surface waters are cooled when they arrive near Greenland The water cools, becomes saltier and denser, and it sinks to the bottom Current then flows southward around Africa Huge amounts of warm water keep Europe warmer than it would be otherwise © 2012 Pears ...
... Strong northward movement of near-surface waters are cooled when they arrive near Greenland The water cools, becomes saltier and denser, and it sinks to the bottom Current then flows southward around Africa Huge amounts of warm water keep Europe warmer than it would be otherwise © 2012 Pears ...
global warming and global, climate changes
... computer model simulations that assume global temperatures will rise with increasing atmospheric CO2. Because the coincidence of increase in global temperature and atmospheric CO2 is an empirical relationship, that does not in itself prove that rising CO2 is causing global warming. Nonetheless, the ...
... computer model simulations that assume global temperatures will rise with increasing atmospheric CO2. Because the coincidence of increase in global temperature and atmospheric CO2 is an empirical relationship, that does not in itself prove that rising CO2 is causing global warming. Nonetheless, the ...
Ocean and Climate
... region is heated by absorption. Wind driven and buoyancy driven circulations of ocean current provide very fast energy transport. http://www.gerhardriessbeck.de/ ...
... region is heated by absorption. Wind driven and buoyancy driven circulations of ocean current provide very fast energy transport. http://www.gerhardriessbeck.de/ ...
The Geopolitical Implications of Environmental Change
... Even though natural factors have contributed to warming in the past, emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to increase and are expected to alter the atmosphere in ways that will affect global climate (IPCC/SRES, 2001). Currently, several studies indicate that th ...
... Even though natural factors have contributed to warming in the past, emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols due to human activities continue to increase and are expected to alter the atmosphere in ways that will affect global climate (IPCC/SRES, 2001). Currently, several studies indicate that th ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.