climate change in the hawaiian islands
... and natural communities. Increasing demands on freshwater resources will impact freshwater and near-shore aquatic species. Rising sea levels will displace households and communities to upland areas that may be important habitat for Hawai‘i’s native plants and animals. Warmer, more acidic oceans will ...
... and natural communities. Increasing demands on freshwater resources will impact freshwater and near-shore aquatic species. Rising sea levels will displace households and communities to upland areas that may be important habitat for Hawai‘i’s native plants and animals. Warmer, more acidic oceans will ...
Jenouvrier, S., H. Caswell, C. Barbraud, M. Holland, J. Stroeve, and
... Models (GCM) of Earth’s climate included in the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report. We show that the increased frequency of warm events associated with projected decreases in SIE will reduce the population viability. The probability of quasi-extinction (a ...
... Models (GCM) of Earth’s climate included in the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) assessment report. We show that the increased frequency of warm events associated with projected decreases in SIE will reduce the population viability. The probability of quasi-extinction (a ...
Climate Change
... at a given location over time. People know when they go to New York City in winter, they should take a coat. When they visit the Pacific Northwest, they take an umbrella. Climate can be measured at many geographic scales—for example, cities, countries, or the entire globe—by such statistics as avera ...
... at a given location over time. People know when they go to New York City in winter, they should take a coat. When they visit the Pacific Northwest, they take an umbrella. Climate can be measured at many geographic scales—for example, cities, countries, or the entire globe—by such statistics as avera ...
Climate Change and Global Warming Introduction.
... the two warmest, and likely the warmest, on record. Three months in 2010 were the warmest on record for that month. Rainfall related to the Asian Monsoon was displaced unusually westward, and more than a foot of rain fell across a large area of the Upper Indus Valley. Subsequent flooding down the In ...
... the two warmest, and likely the warmest, on record. Three months in 2010 were the warmest on record for that month. Rainfall related to the Asian Monsoon was displaced unusually westward, and more than a foot of rain fell across a large area of the Upper Indus Valley. Subsequent flooding down the In ...
Climate Change - Division on Earth and Life Studies
... at a given location over time. People know when they go to New York City in winter, they should take a coat. When they visit the Pacific Northwest, they take an umbrella. Climate can be measured at many geographic scales—for example, cities, countries, or the entire globe—by such statistics as avera ...
... at a given location over time. People know when they go to New York City in winter, they should take a coat. When they visit the Pacific Northwest, they take an umbrella. Climate can be measured at many geographic scales—for example, cities, countries, or the entire globe—by such statistics as avera ...
Ocean Circulation and Climate: an Overview
... industry. Surface and subsurface currents, upwelling, downwelling, surface and internal waves, mixing, eddies, convection, and several other forms of motion act jointly to shape the observed circulation of the world’s ocean. Several processes contribute differently and concurrently to this circulati ...
... industry. Surface and subsurface currents, upwelling, downwelling, surface and internal waves, mixing, eddies, convection, and several other forms of motion act jointly to shape the observed circulation of the world’s ocean. Several processes contribute differently and concurrently to this circulati ...
Adaptation Indicators
... Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex & P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New ...
... Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex & P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New ...
Chapter 2
... Salmon are anadromous: They return to streams from the ocean to spawn. Figure 2.1 A Seasonal Opportunity ...
... Salmon are anadromous: They return to streams from the ocean to spawn. Figure 2.1 A Seasonal Opportunity ...
Chapter 18: Human Impacts on Climate
... Justifying actions to reduce greenhouse gases involves all four of these factors. 1. Likelihood At issue here are the ideas of “proof ” and “scientific uncertainty”. Scientists often aim to prove outcomes to ninety or ninety-five percent certainty, but people make decisions every day based on much l ...
... Justifying actions to reduce greenhouse gases involves all four of these factors. 1. Likelihood At issue here are the ideas of “proof ” and “scientific uncertainty”. Scientists often aim to prove outcomes to ninety or ninety-five percent certainty, but people make decisions every day based on much l ...
IPCC WGII email part 2
... >disagree on the sign (Figure 10-1). Climate change may be beneficial >for moderate climate change but turn negative for greater warming. >Impacts worsen for larger warming, and estimates diverge. The new >estimates have slightly widened the uncertainty about the economic >impacts of climate.² ...
... >disagree on the sign (Figure 10-1). Climate change may be beneficial >for moderate climate change but turn negative for greater warming. >Impacts worsen for larger warming, and estimates diverge. The new >estimates have slightly widened the uncertainty about the economic >impacts of climate.² ...
Observed and projected trends in Antarctic sea ice
... satellite era. We view The timescale at which the upper ocean transitions these observations as strong evidence that the observed from the fast surface cooling to the eventual warming in trends in Southern Ocean sea ice and SSTs since 1950 response to westerly wind forcing is of critical importance ...
... satellite era. We view The timescale at which the upper ocean transitions these observations as strong evidence that the observed from the fast surface cooling to the eventual warming in trends in Southern Ocean sea ice and SSTs since 1950 response to westerly wind forcing is of critical importance ...
Climate Change
... climate increase system is in unequivocal, “Most ofofthe globally as is nowtemperatures evident from since observations of increases th century averaged the mid-20 in average ocean temperatures, is global very likely* dueair to and the observed increase in widespread greenhouse melting of snow and i ...
... climate increase system is in unequivocal, “Most ofofthe globally as is nowtemperatures evident from since observations of increases th century averaged the mid-20 in average ocean temperatures, is global very likely* dueair to and the observed increase in widespread greenhouse melting of snow and i ...
News of the Northeast Pacific Ocean
... content in the Gulf of Alaska in the upper 700 m, computed from measurements made by Project Argo’s profiling floats. There are now more than 3000 active Argo floats scattered across all the oceans, whose measurements have provided high spatial and temporal resolution globally for almost a decade. W ...
... content in the Gulf of Alaska in the upper 700 m, computed from measurements made by Project Argo’s profiling floats. There are now more than 3000 active Argo floats scattered across all the oceans, whose measurements have provided high spatial and temporal resolution globally for almost a decade. W ...
Future sea level
The rate of global mean sea-level rise (~3 mm/yr; SLR) has accelerated compared to the mean of the 20th century (~2 mm/yr), but the rate of rise is locally variable. Factors contributing to SLR include decreased global ice volume and warming of the ocean. On Greenland, the deficiency between annual ice gained and lost tripled between 1996 and 2007. On Antarctica the deficiency increased by 75%. Mountain glaciers are retreating and the cumulative mean thickness change has accelerated from about −1.8 to −4 m in 1965 to 1970 to about −12 to −14 m in the first decade of the 21st century. From 1961 to 2003, ocean temperatures to a depth of 700 m increased and portions of the deeper ocean are warming.The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) projected sea level would reach 0.18 to 0.59 m above present by the end of the 21st century but lacked an estimate of ice flow dynamics calving. Calving was added by Pfeffer et al. (2008) indicating 0.8 to 2 m of SLR by 2100 (favouring the low end of this range). Rahmstorf (2007) estimated SLR will reach 0.5 to 1.4 m by the end of the century. Pielke (2008) points out that observed SLR has exceeded the best case projections thus far. These approximations and others indicate that global mean SLR may reach 1 m by the end of this century. However, sea level is highly variable and planners considering local impacts must take this variability into account.