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Animal and Plant Classification
Animal and Plant Classification

... smaller groups. They use organisms’ features to decide which organisms are in each group. After kingdoms, the groups are divisions, classes, orders, and families. The last two groups are genus and species. Scientists use these last groups to name animals. A genus is a group of animals that are simil ...
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... Each person gets ½ their chromosomes (23) from each parent’s gamete. Zygote then has 46. A homologous pair look alike (usually) and carry information about the same genes. So, each cell has 2 copies of every gene. Different forms of a gene are called alleles Interaction between alleles determin ...
Question 1 - Free Exam Papers
Question 1 - Free Exam Papers

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Sex



Organisms of many species are specialized into male and female varieties, each known as a sex. Sexual reproduction involves the combining and mixing of genetic traits: specialized cells known as gametes combine to form offspring that inherit traits from each parent. Gametes can be identical in form and function (known as isogamy), but in many cases an asymmetry has evolved such that two sex-specific types of gametes (heterogametes) exist (known as anisogamy). By definition, male gametes are small, motile, and optimized to transport their genetic information over a distance, while female gametes are large, non-motile and contain the nutrients necessary for the early development of the young organism. Among humans and other mammals, males typically carry XY chromosomes, whereas females typically carry XX chromosomes, which are a part of the XY sex-determination system. Other animals have a sex-determination system as well, such as the ZW sex-determination system in birds, and the X0 sex-determination system in insects. The gametes produced by an organism are determined by its sex: males produce male gametes (spermatozoa, or sperm, in animals; pollen in plants) while females produce female gametes (ova, or egg cells); individual organisms which produce both male and female gametes are termed hermaphroditic. Frequently, physical differences are associated with the different sexes of an organism; these sexual dimorphisms can reflect the different reproductive pressures the sexes experience.
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