a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... instance, several studies report more severe degenerative effects in young animals than in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postopera ...
... instance, several studies report more severe degenerative effects in young animals than in adults with similar Iesionslz,102~lJ7,although sometimes the reverse is true’“l. Rose and WooIseyl”g noted the effects of retrograde cell degeneration in the thalamus grew more severe with increasing postopera ...
Functional Organization in the Motor Cortex
... direction. Moreover, the correlation between two spatial patterns decreases as the distance between the directions increases. (3) I showed that for consecutive trials in the same direction there is suppression in activation level during repeated trials. This effect did not decrease gradually with di ...
... direction. Moreover, the correlation between two spatial patterns decreases as the distance between the directions increases. (3) I showed that for consecutive trials in the same direction there is suppression in activation level during repeated trials. This effect did not decrease gradually with di ...
The pattern of ocular dominance columns in macaque visual cortex
... A pattern of alternating dark and pale bands was observed in the striate cortex of the macaque monkey. The bands, which ran parallel to the surface, were seen in tangential sections stained with a reduced silver method for normal fibers and were most clear in layer 4C a, immediately deep to the line ...
... A pattern of alternating dark and pale bands was observed in the striate cortex of the macaque monkey. The bands, which ran parallel to the surface, were seen in tangential sections stained with a reduced silver method for normal fibers and were most clear in layer 4C a, immediately deep to the line ...
Neurocircuitry of Addiction
... argued that the development of such a negative affective state can define dependence relative to addiction (Russell, 1976; Baker et al, 1987) and that such a negative affective state contributes to compulsivity through negative reinforcement mechanisms (Koob and Le Moal, 2005). Another conceptualiza ...
... argued that the development of such a negative affective state can define dependence relative to addiction (Russell, 1976; Baker et al, 1987) and that such a negative affective state contributes to compulsivity through negative reinforcement mechanisms (Koob and Le Moal, 2005). Another conceptualiza ...
Identity-specific coding of future rewards in the human orbitofrontal
... savory-predictive CS cues (Fig. 3A). In a second step, we used cross-validated support vector machines (SVMs) to identify regions in which these value-related response patterns—corresponding to different predicted outcome identities—could be reliably classified (Fig. 3A), the idea being that signifi ...
... savory-predictive CS cues (Fig. 3A). In a second step, we used cross-validated support vector machines (SVMs) to identify regions in which these value-related response patterns—corresponding to different predicted outcome identities—could be reliably classified (Fig. 3A), the idea being that signifi ...
pdf, 1 MiB - Infoscience
... model (linear chain conditional random field) trained on WhiteText, a manually annotated corpus of 18,242 brain region mentions (French, 2009; French et al., 2012). The advantage of this statistical approach is that the model will match complex brain region names, even if they are not present in a l ...
... model (linear chain conditional random field) trained on WhiteText, a manually annotated corpus of 18,242 brain region mentions (French, 2009; French et al., 2012). The advantage of this statistical approach is that the model will match complex brain region names, even if they are not present in a l ...
Signals Conveyed in the Pulvinar Pathway from Superior Colliculus
... stimulus presentation, reward administration, the recording of eye pulses of biphasic current through semichronic stimulating electrodes in movements and neuronal activity, and the online display of results. We the SC and MT and looked for evoked spikes in the pulvinar neuron collected neuronal data ...
... stimulus presentation, reward administration, the recording of eye pulses of biphasic current through semichronic stimulating electrodes in movements and neuronal activity, and the online display of results. We the SC and MT and looked for evoked spikes in the pulvinar neuron collected neuronal data ...
Vagal Input to Lateral Area 3a in Cat Cortex
... anesthetized with chloralose and four with alphaxolone/alphadolone (Saffan, Glaxo). Chloralose anesthesia (60 mg/kg iv) was preceded by ketamine (50 mg im) and supplemented with intravenous pentobarbital sodium as necessary. Animals that received Saffan anesthesia (12–18 mg/kg iv) were first tranqui ...
... anesthetized with chloralose and four with alphaxolone/alphadolone (Saffan, Glaxo). Chloralose anesthesia (60 mg/kg iv) was preceded by ketamine (50 mg im) and supplemented with intravenous pentobarbital sodium as necessary. Animals that received Saffan anesthesia (12–18 mg/kg iv) were first tranqui ...
Precise visuotopic organization of the blind spot representation in
... with a latency correction of 80 ms). The latencies we estimated in our data (⬃60 –120 ms) were comparable to those usually reported for V1 (Maunsell and Gibson 1992; Raiguel et al. 1989). We also used a local mapping method, which was designed not to elicit the long-range completion mechanisms made ...
... with a latency correction of 80 ms). The latencies we estimated in our data (⬃60 –120 ms) were comparable to those usually reported for V1 (Maunsell and Gibson 1992; Raiguel et al. 1989). We also used a local mapping method, which was designed not to elicit the long-range completion mechanisms made ...
Neuronal Correlates of Sensorimotor Association in Stimulus
... incompatible with the response. By recording the lateralized readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses ...
... incompatible with the response. By recording the lateralized readiness potential (i.e., a change in the evoked brain potential that develops over the motor cortex contralateral to the overt response), it was found that in trials in which the stimulus was flanked by incompatible noise, both responses ...
The Optic Tectum of Birds - Department of Psychology
... Figure 3. Connectivity of the isthmal nuclei with the tectum. (A) shows a coronal section through the tectum showing typical injections of fluorescent biotinylated dextran amines (BDA). A retrogradely labelled cell and anterogradely labelled terminals from the red injection can be seen in parvocellu ...
... Figure 3. Connectivity of the isthmal nuclei with the tectum. (A) shows a coronal section through the tectum showing typical injections of fluorescent biotinylated dextran amines (BDA). A retrogradely labelled cell and anterogradely labelled terminals from the red injection can be seen in parvocellu ...
LFP Power Spectra in V1 Cortex: The Graded Effect of Stimulus
... and spike responses from these recordings were analyzed to clarify the conditions under which gamma-band components of the LFP specifically distinguish themselves from the other LFP components as well as to explore what information the LFP can lend to our understanding of the spike responses when th ...
... and spike responses from these recordings were analyzed to clarify the conditions under which gamma-band components of the LFP specifically distinguish themselves from the other LFP components as well as to explore what information the LFP can lend to our understanding of the spike responses when th ...
Cartesian spatial coordinates Computing reaching dynamics in
... structed with a population vector algorithm either from neurons that encode extrinsic endpoint velocity (Georgopoulos 1996; Lukashin et al. 1996; Sanger 1996) or from neurons that encode intrinsic joint angular velocity (Mussa-Ivaldi 1988). The preferred directions (PDs) of motor cortical neurons ex ...
... structed with a population vector algorithm either from neurons that encode extrinsic endpoint velocity (Georgopoulos 1996; Lukashin et al. 1996; Sanger 1996) or from neurons that encode intrinsic joint angular velocity (Mussa-Ivaldi 1988). The preferred directions (PDs) of motor cortical neurons ex ...
18
... human brain is still largely unknown. This thesis is an attempt towards creating a developmental model of the stereo vision in the visual cortex. By developmental we mean that the features of each neuron are developed, instead of hand-crafted, so that the limited resource is optimally used. This app ...
... human brain is still largely unknown. This thesis is an attempt towards creating a developmental model of the stereo vision in the visual cortex. By developmental we mean that the features of each neuron are developed, instead of hand-crafted, so that the limited resource is optimally used. This app ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... explanation for the variability is suggested by recent data showing that there are multiple forms of LTD in CA1 (Oliet et al., 1997). In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesi ...
... explanation for the variability is suggested by recent data showing that there are multiple forms of LTD in CA1 (Oliet et al., 1997). In any case, the data are clear that MC PG treatment does not reliably block NMDA receptor-dependent LTD and LTP in CA1. These results seemed to exclude the hypothesi ...
Propagation of cortical synfire activity: survival probability in single
... be quite variable. For activity propagation in such a syn®re chain, the following problems are immediately obvious. First, even if all neurons in the ®rst group ®re in synchrony, the neurons in the second group will generally not. There will always be some temporal jitter in their ®ring times, due t ...
... be quite variable. For activity propagation in such a syn®re chain, the following problems are immediately obvious. First, even if all neurons in the ®rst group ®re in synchrony, the neurons in the second group will generally not. There will always be some temporal jitter in their ®ring times, due t ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
... 5Functional Neurosurgery Unit, Tel-Aviv Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 69978, Israel ...
Rapid Critical Period Induction by Tonic Inhibition in Visual Cortex
... Diazepam (DZ) or vehicle solution was infused daily before and/or during 4 d of MD in GAD65 knock-out mice. Extracellular singleunit recordings from the binocular zone of visual cortex were performed at the end of deprivation. We found that a minimum treatment of 2 d near the beginning of MD was suf ...
... Diazepam (DZ) or vehicle solution was infused daily before and/or during 4 d of MD in GAD65 knock-out mice. Extracellular singleunit recordings from the binocular zone of visual cortex were performed at the end of deprivation. We found that a minimum treatment of 2 d near the beginning of MD was suf ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... periods characterized by rapid eye movements during sleep. • Also know as paradoxical sleep is deep sleep in some ways, but light sleep in other ways. • EEG waves are irregular, low-voltage and fast. • Postural muscles of the body are more relaxed than other stages. ...
... periods characterized by rapid eye movements during sleep. • Also know as paradoxical sleep is deep sleep in some ways, but light sleep in other ways. • EEG waves are irregular, low-voltage and fast. • Postural muscles of the body are more relaxed than other stages. ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... is extensively interconnected with the frontal eye field (FEF), as well as with other visual cortical areas, and projects heavily to the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (Barbas and Mesulam, 1981; Lynch et al., 1985; Andersen et al., 1990). Another subregion of IPL, area 7b, is prefere ...
... is extensively interconnected with the frontal eye field (FEF), as well as with other visual cortical areas, and projects heavily to the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (Barbas and Mesulam, 1981; Lynch et al., 1985; Andersen et al., 1990). Another subregion of IPL, area 7b, is prefere ...
Chapter 15 - Houston Community College Learning Web
... • Taste, hearing, equilibrium, and vision provided by specialized receptor cells • Communicate with sensory neurons across chemical synapses ...
... • Taste, hearing, equilibrium, and vision provided by specialized receptor cells • Communicate with sensory neurons across chemical synapses ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.