The cortical connections of area V6: an occipito
... stimulation and their visual RFs were easy to map. In contrast, several cells of area V6A, located just dorsal to V6, were activated only by complex visual stimuli, or were completely insensitive to visual stimulation (Galletti et al., 1999a). Also, the activity of many V6A cells were modulated by a ...
... stimulation and their visual RFs were easy to map. In contrast, several cells of area V6A, located just dorsal to V6, were activated only by complex visual stimuli, or were completely insensitive to visual stimulation (Galletti et al., 1999a). Also, the activity of many V6A cells were modulated by a ...
Tactile orientation perception: an ideal observer analysis of human
... have elliptical RFs (Pruszynski and Johansson 2014; VegaBermudez and Johnson 1999) with aspect ratios that are similar, on average, to those of S1 cortical neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). Elongated RFs, however, seem to be somewhat more prevalent in cortex than in the periphery. Sripati et al. (2006 ...
... have elliptical RFs (Pruszynski and Johansson 2014; VegaBermudez and Johnson 1999) with aspect ratios that are similar, on average, to those of S1 cortical neurons (Sripati et al. 2006b). Elongated RFs, however, seem to be somewhat more prevalent in cortex than in the periphery. Sripati et al. (2006 ...
The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention
... observer is required to keep watch for inconspicuous signals over prolonged periods of time. The state of readiness to respond to rarely and unpredictably occurring signals is characterized by an overall ability to detect signals (termed ‘vigilance level’) and, importantly, a decrement in performanc ...
... observer is required to keep watch for inconspicuous signals over prolonged periods of time. The state of readiness to respond to rarely and unpredictably occurring signals is characterized by an overall ability to detect signals (termed ‘vigilance level’) and, importantly, a decrement in performanc ...
THE AMYGDALA AND REWARD
... discrimination, monkeys must learn to associate a stimulus with a motor or spatial response. For example, a blue cube might instruct the monkey to move a joystick to the right, whereas a red cylinder instructs a movement to the left. The animals learn by trial and error, with only reward or non-rewa ...
... discrimination, monkeys must learn to associate a stimulus with a motor or spatial response. For example, a blue cube might instruct the monkey to move a joystick to the right, whereas a red cylinder instructs a movement to the left. The animals learn by trial and error, with only reward or non-rewa ...
Analysis of Connectivity in the Cat Cerebral Cortex
... report afferent connections to seven subdivisions of area 5. Most reports of the efferent projections of area 5 do not have this level of resolution. If, for example, an area was known to project only to 5bl but reported, in another study, to receive projections from “area 5,” then it was assumed th ...
... report afferent connections to seven subdivisions of area 5. Most reports of the efferent projections of area 5 do not have this level of resolution. If, for example, an area was known to project only to 5bl but reported, in another study, to receive projections from “area 5,” then it was assumed th ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
the amygdala and reward
... discrimination, monkeys must learn to associate a stimulus with a motor or spatial response. For example, a blue cube might instruct the monkey to move a joystick to the right, whereas a red cylinder instructs a movement to the left. The animals learn by trial and error, with only reward or non-rewa ...
... discrimination, monkeys must learn to associate a stimulus with a motor or spatial response. For example, a blue cube might instruct the monkey to move a joystick to the right, whereas a red cylinder instructs a movement to the left. The animals learn by trial and error, with only reward or non-rewa ...
Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey
... for evidence of terminal projections and compiled the findings into one drawing. We used this drawing in all subsequent analyses of patch distributions. Photographic reconstructions were made using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) for illustrative purposes only. Quantif ying the a xon t ...
... for evidence of terminal projections and compiled the findings into one drawing. We used this drawing in all subsequent analyses of patch distributions. Photographic reconstructions were made using Adobe Photoshop (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA) for illustrative purposes only. Quantif ying the a xon t ...
Rhythms for Cognition: Communication through
... communication, the communicating brain areas have specialized neuronal groups, i.e. a given brain area has neurons receiving inputs and different neurons sending outputs (Felleman and Van Essen, 1991; Markov et al., 2014). Thus, the new CTC takes anatomical data on inter-areal projections more close ...
... communication, the communicating brain areas have specialized neuronal groups, i.e. a given brain area has neurons receiving inputs and different neurons sending outputs (Felleman and Van Essen, 1991; Markov et al., 2014). Thus, the new CTC takes anatomical data on inter-areal projections more close ...
Modulation of Behavior by Expected Reward Magnitude Depends
... how the pDMS modulates reward-seeking responses that are guided by visual cues. In particular, we were interested how dopamine (DA) influences these processes. There is substantial evidence that DA signals carry information about the reward predicted by distinct cues (Schultz 2007; Tobler et al. 200 ...
... how the pDMS modulates reward-seeking responses that are guided by visual cues. In particular, we were interested how dopamine (DA) influences these processes. There is substantial evidence that DA signals carry information about the reward predicted by distinct cues (Schultz 2007; Tobler et al. 200 ...
Kandel ch. 43 + Two review papers
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
... The Skeletomotor Circuit Engages Specific Portions of the Cerebral Cortex, Basal Ganglia, and Thalamus Since movement disorders are prominent in diseases of the basal ganglia, it is appropriate here to focus on the skeletomotor circuit. In primates the skeletomotor circuit originates in the cerebral ...
skull - lms.manhattan.edu
... -Allows blood to flow in either direction, this is a problem because it may create a route for blood-borne-pathogens to pass from the body to the brain and the brain to the body…. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a membranic structure that acts primarily to protect the brain from chemicals in the bl ...
... -Allows blood to flow in either direction, this is a problem because it may create a route for blood-borne-pathogens to pass from the body to the brain and the brain to the body…. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a membranic structure that acts primarily to protect the brain from chemicals in the bl ...
Rewardcircuit - URMC - University of Rochester
... focuses first on the anatomy (primarily in monkeys). Second, we review functional activation of cortico-basal ganglia reward circuitry to explore points of convergence between primate anatomy studies and human functional MRI studies. Clearly, imaging methods to date do not have the resolution capabi ...
... focuses first on the anatomy (primarily in monkeys). Second, we review functional activation of cortico-basal ganglia reward circuitry to explore points of convergence between primate anatomy studies and human functional MRI studies. Clearly, imaging methods to date do not have the resolution capabi ...
Molecular Analysis of Developmental Plasticity in Neocortex
... seems unaffected, a-CaMKII may not be required for activity-dependent development of somatosensory cortex, while it is necessary for some aspects, albeit noncrucial ones, of activity-dependent development of visual cortex. Another study testing for the role of a plasticity molecule, nitric oxide (NO ...
... seems unaffected, a-CaMKII may not be required for activity-dependent development of somatosensory cortex, while it is necessary for some aspects, albeit noncrucial ones, of activity-dependent development of visual cortex. Another study testing for the role of a plasticity molecule, nitric oxide (NO ...
Alpha-beta and Gamma Rhythms Subserve Feedback and
... Granger Causality in feedforward and feedback directions GC was computed between all possible pairs of the seven selected visual areas. In order to estimate bias due to the GC metric used and the finite sample size, data epochs were randomized at each source location and GC computation was repeated. ...
... Granger Causality in feedforward and feedback directions GC was computed between all possible pairs of the seven selected visual areas. In order to estimate bias due to the GC metric used and the finite sample size, data epochs were randomized at each source location and GC computation was repeated. ...
Separating value from choice: delay discounting activity in the lateral
... Figure 1. Temporal discounting behavior in the intertemporal choice task. a, Trial structure in forced and free-choice variants of the task. Visual targets were associated with either a smaller reward delivered immediately (red) or a larger reward delivered after a delay (green). Trials with immedia ...
... Figure 1. Temporal discounting behavior in the intertemporal choice task. a, Trial structure in forced and free-choice variants of the task. Visual targets were associated with either a smaller reward delivered immediately (red) or a larger reward delivered after a delay (green). Trials with immedia ...
Implicit Attitudes Toward Elderly Women and Men.
... Korean test takers (Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz 1998). In another known-groups approach, IATs discriminated well between individuals very fearful of snakes and individuals very fearful of spiders (Teachman, Gregg, and Woody 2001). An IAT on gender stereotyping predicted social competence ratings ...
... Korean test takers (Greenwald, McGhee, and Schwartz 1998). In another known-groups approach, IATs discriminated well between individuals very fearful of snakes and individuals very fearful of spiders (Teachman, Gregg, and Woody 2001). An IAT on gender stereotyping predicted social competence ratings ...
Hereditary Pick’s disease with the G272V tau mutation shows predominant three-repeat
... Upstate, Charlesville) were used (de Silva et al., 2003) to investigate the tau isoform composition of Pick bodies. Sections from the two G272V cases as well as an Alzheimer’s disease and a PSP control were pretreated by pressure-cooking in sodium citrate buffer (pH 6) for 5 min, followed by incubat ...
... Upstate, Charlesville) were used (de Silva et al., 2003) to investigate the tau isoform composition of Pick bodies. Sections from the two G272V cases as well as an Alzheimer’s disease and a PSP control were pretreated by pressure-cooking in sodium citrate buffer (pH 6) for 5 min, followed by incubat ...
Social stimulation and corticolimbic reactivity in premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a preliminary study
... Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), characterized by luteal phase-induced negative affect and loss of impulse control, often results in compromised social interactions. Although amygdala activation is generally linked to negative affect, increased amygdala reactivity to aversive stim ...
... Background: Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), characterized by luteal phase-induced negative affect and loss of impulse control, often results in compromised social interactions. Although amygdala activation is generally linked to negative affect, increased amygdala reactivity to aversive stim ...
exuberance in the development of cortical
... with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be ...
... with age in the uptake, transport and diffusion of axonally transported substances that are used to trace them. Some tracers (for example, lipophilic molecules such as carbocyanine dyes) label young, unmyelinated axons well but older, myelinated axons much less effectively. Other tracers tend to be ...
Ten unanswered questions in multimodal communication
... diagrammatic models will be discussed in the next section, question 2). In the development of mathematical models for proximate questions about multimodality, it would be helpful to design models that can predict how multimodal components could be combined or that can predict response outcomes of di ...
... diagrammatic models will be discussed in the next section, question 2). In the development of mathematical models for proximate questions about multimodality, it would be helpful to design models that can predict how multimodal components could be combined or that can predict response outcomes of di ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... strengthens the association between cortical-like areas descending signals and basal ganglia neural ensembles, influencing long-term memory processes in line with a reward function (Wise 2004). Although the signal-to-noise ratio hypothesis is useful in understanding how behavioral and motivational ...
... strengthens the association between cortical-like areas descending signals and basal ganglia neural ensembles, influencing long-term memory processes in line with a reward function (Wise 2004). Although the signal-to-noise ratio hypothesis is useful in understanding how behavioral and motivational ...
Time perception
Time perception is a field of study within psychology and neuroscience that refers to the subjective experience of time, which is measured by someone's own perception of the duration of the indefinite and continuous unfolding of events. The perceived time interval between two successive events is referred to as perceived duration. Another person's perception of time cannot be directly experienced or understood, but it can be objectively studied and inferred through a number of scientific experiments. Time perception is a construction of the brain that is manipulable and distortable under certain circumstances. These temporal illusions help to expose the underlying neural mechanisms of time perception.Pioneering work, emphasizing species-specific differences, was conducted by Karl Ernst von Baer. Experimental work began under the influence of the psycho-physical notions of Gustav Theodor Fechner with studies of the relationship between perceived and measured time.