The Interplay of Biotic and Abiotic Factors in a Semiarid
... Arid systems offer unusual opportunities to investigate these hypotheses because of high variability of rainfall both within and between years. In the Western Hemisphere. arid regions often have high rainfall associated with El Nifio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. leading to shifting conditions ...
... Arid systems offer unusual opportunities to investigate these hypotheses because of high variability of rainfall both within and between years. In the Western Hemisphere. arid regions often have high rainfall associated with El Nifio Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. leading to shifting conditions ...
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... 1974, Cowell 1976, Clark 1986) and uranium in freshwater habitats in Australia (Conway e t al. 1974, Jeffrey & Simpson 1986). Yet, these same chemicals are identified as pollutants in other biological systems. This has been debated in attempts to define pollution as something other than the existenc ...
... 1974, Cowell 1976, Clark 1986) and uranium in freshwater habitats in Australia (Conway e t al. 1974, Jeffrey & Simpson 1986). Yet, these same chemicals are identified as pollutants in other biological systems. This has been debated in attempts to define pollution as something other than the existenc ...
Impact of Pollutants on Coastal and Benthic Marine Communities
... directly or through their metabolites [57], causing mutagenesis [58]. Biomarkers of genotoxicity include DNA damage, which is based upon potentially pre-mutagenic lesions (such as DNA adducts, base modifications, DNADNA and DNA-proteins cross-linking and DNA strand breaks) and chromosomal damage [59 ...
... directly or through their metabolites [57], causing mutagenesis [58]. Biomarkers of genotoxicity include DNA damage, which is based upon potentially pre-mutagenic lesions (such as DNA adducts, base modifications, DNADNA and DNA-proteins cross-linking and DNA strand breaks) and chromosomal damage [59 ...
Fungal fidelity in the myco‐heterotroph‐to‐autotroph life cycle of
... reported that plants adapted to high Se environments were attacked more readily by pathogens if they were grown in soils containing low concentrations of Se. Subsequently, Boyd & Martens (1992) listed five hypotheses that have attempted to explain the evolution of plants that accumulate high concent ...
... reported that plants adapted to high Se environments were attacked more readily by pathogens if they were grown in soils containing low concentrations of Se. Subsequently, Boyd & Martens (1992) listed five hypotheses that have attempted to explain the evolution of plants that accumulate high concent ...
1 - Biology Department | UNC Chapel Hill
... unanswered for the real world. Even the existence of such niche limitation has been controversial and ...
... unanswered for the real world. Even the existence of such niche limitation has been controversial and ...
Ecological Succession
... Secondary Succession • Organisms are destroyed but the soil is safe. • The soil already contains the seeds of weeds, grasses, and trees as well as nutrients. More seeds are carried to the area by wind and birds. • Succession begins again but the primary species are different. • Because soil is pres ...
... Secondary Succession • Organisms are destroyed but the soil is safe. • The soil already contains the seeds of weeds, grasses, and trees as well as nutrients. More seeds are carried to the area by wind and birds. • Succession begins again but the primary species are different. • Because soil is pres ...
Supplementary information Key groups of fishes There are several
... O’Steen et al. [34] quantified the survivorship of HP and LP guppies housed in a 1.8 m diameter wading pool with an adult pike cichlid (Crenicichla alta). Each experiment was run until the predator had consumed half of the prey; the duration ranged from 15 to 240 minutes. They compared HP and LP gup ...
... O’Steen et al. [34] quantified the survivorship of HP and LP guppies housed in a 1.8 m diameter wading pool with an adult pike cichlid (Crenicichla alta). Each experiment was run until the predator had consumed half of the prey; the duration ranged from 15 to 240 minutes. They compared HP and LP gup ...
Global Population Dynamics and Hot Spots of Response to Climate
... et al. 2001, Parmesan and Yohe 2003, Thomas et al. 2004). New approaches that make use of knowledge of both the abiotic and biotic factors limiting species are needed to predict population and community response to climate change. Bioclimatic envelope models (also known as environmental niche models ...
... et al. 2001, Parmesan and Yohe 2003, Thomas et al. 2004). New approaches that make use of knowledge of both the abiotic and biotic factors limiting species are needed to predict population and community response to climate change. Bioclimatic envelope models (also known as environmental niche models ...
Geological and Ecological Settings of Mount St. Helens
... affects biophysical responses to new disturbance events. Legacies of earlier eruptive activity may be expressed in landforms, soils, lakes, streams, animal communities, and vegetation patterns. This pattern is especially true at Mount St. Helens, which has erupted about 20 times in the past 4000 yea ...
... affects biophysical responses to new disturbance events. Legacies of earlier eruptive activity may be expressed in landforms, soils, lakes, streams, animal communities, and vegetation patterns. This pattern is especially true at Mount St. Helens, which has erupted about 20 times in the past 4000 yea ...
Introduction to Landscape Ecology
... Evolution was gradual and organisms were well adapted to local environment Species distributions were determined by broad climate and by competition Vegetation across biomes was rather homogeneous except where upset by irregular disturbance ...
... Evolution was gradual and organisms were well adapted to local environment Species distributions were determined by broad climate and by competition Vegetation across biomes was rather homogeneous except where upset by irregular disturbance ...
6 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning in Grasslands
... presence of other species that can perform the same function. If alternative species are not present, nitrogen mineralization will be decreased and over time the compensatory response will be small or absent. Time is also related to environmental variability: the longer the time-scale of observation ...
... presence of other species that can perform the same function. If alternative species are not present, nitrogen mineralization will be decreased and over time the compensatory response will be small or absent. Time is also related to environmental variability: the longer the time-scale of observation ...
Recent advances in ecological stoichiometry: insights for population
... different life /history stages. An organism’s requirements of different elements may vary throughout its life cycle, and thus certain life stages may be more sensitive than others to variation in the stoichiometry of its resource. Several examples of such effects have recently appeared: Daphnia juv ...
... different life /history stages. An organism’s requirements of different elements may vary throughout its life cycle, and thus certain life stages may be more sensitive than others to variation in the stoichiometry of its resource. Several examples of such effects have recently appeared: Daphnia juv ...
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... 16) If Darwin had been aware of genes, and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement? A) If natural selection can change one gene's frequency in a population over the course of generations then, given enough time ...
... 16) If Darwin had been aware of genes, and of their typical mode of transmission to subsequent generations, with which statement would he most likely have been in agreement? A) If natural selection can change one gene's frequency in a population over the course of generations then, given enough time ...
Effects of Competition, Predation, and Dispersal on Species
... for linear relationships between local and regional diversity (Caswell and Cohen 1993; Huston 1999; Fox et al. 2000; Loreau 2000). In fact, previous work found that although freshwater zooplankton show linear patterns of local and regional richness on a global scale (Shurin et al. 2000), 11 local po ...
... for linear relationships between local and regional diversity (Caswell and Cohen 1993; Huston 1999; Fox et al. 2000; Loreau 2000). In fact, previous work found that although freshwater zooplankton show linear patterns of local and regional richness on a global scale (Shurin et al. 2000), 11 local po ...
Recent advances in ecological stoichiometry: insights for population
... different life /history stages. An organism’s requirements of different elements may vary throughout its life cycle, and thus certain life stages may be more sensitive than others to variation in the stoichiometry of its resource. Several examples of such effects have recently appeared: Daphnia juv ...
... different life /history stages. An organism’s requirements of different elements may vary throughout its life cycle, and thus certain life stages may be more sensitive than others to variation in the stoichiometry of its resource. Several examples of such effects have recently appeared: Daphnia juv ...
Ecosystems - Learning for a Sustainable Future
... Heritable characteristics range form internal and external anatomy to biochemistry at the cellular level. The basic idea of biological evolution is that the earth’s present-day species developed from earlier, distinctly different species. 52 Molecular evidence supports anatomical evidence for ...
... Heritable characteristics range form internal and external anatomy to biochemistry at the cellular level. The basic idea of biological evolution is that the earth’s present-day species developed from earlier, distinctly different species. 52 Molecular evidence supports anatomical evidence for ...
A Consumer-Resource Approach to Community Structure1 The
... Pianka, 1966; MacArthur and Wilson, and in the morphology of dominant species 1967; Connell, 1978; Grime, 1979; Hus- in communities are often called, simply, ton, 1979; Tilman, 1982; Abramsky and community structure. There has been conRosenzweig, 1984; Shmida etal, 1984), in siderable debate as to h ...
... Pianka, 1966; MacArthur and Wilson, and in the morphology of dominant species 1967; Connell, 1978; Grime, 1979; Hus- in communities are often called, simply, ton, 1979; Tilman, 1982; Abramsky and community structure. There has been conRosenzweig, 1984; Shmida etal, 1984), in siderable debate as to h ...
Biotic interactions among estuarine infaunal
... faunistic change only suggest which abiotic and biotic mechanisms may b e responsible for that change. The relative importance of biotic versus abiotic effects is not well known at present. It is also not clear whether successional sequences are dependent upon biological interactions between species ...
... faunistic change only suggest which abiotic and biotic mechanisms may b e responsible for that change. The relative importance of biotic versus abiotic effects is not well known at present. It is also not clear whether successional sequences are dependent upon biological interactions between species ...
principles of ecology
... The functional characteristics of a species in its habitat is referred to as “niche”. While habitat of a species is like its ‘address’ (i.e. where it lives), niche can be thought of as its “profession” (i.e. activities and responses specific to the species). The term niche means the sum of all the a ...
... The functional characteristics of a species in its habitat is referred to as “niche”. While habitat of a species is like its ‘address’ (i.e. where it lives), niche can be thought of as its “profession” (i.e. activities and responses specific to the species). The term niche means the sum of all the a ...
The dynamical theory of coevolution
... asymptotics and transients of the adaptive dynamics, given equilibrium population dynamics; we also discuss an extension to nonequilibrium population dynamics. The outline of the paper is as follows. Section 2 provides a general framework for the analysis of coevolutionary dynamics. The relationship ...
... asymptotics and transients of the adaptive dynamics, given equilibrium population dynamics; we also discuss an extension to nonequilibrium population dynamics. The outline of the paper is as follows. Section 2 provides a general framework for the analysis of coevolutionary dynamics. The relationship ...
Learning Expedition Plan Title From Trash to Treasure School
... resources. Human activities can bring about environmental degradation through resource acquisition, urban growth, land-use decision, waste disposal, etc. 7.2d: Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have resulted in major pollution of air, water, and soil. Pollution has cumulative ecologi ...
... resources. Human activities can bring about environmental degradation through resource acquisition, urban growth, land-use decision, waste disposal, etc. 7.2d: Since the Industrial Revolution, human activities have resulted in major pollution of air, water, and soil. Pollution has cumulative ecologi ...
D3.1 Annex 8c Section 6 Environmental impact plants
... available for producing the PRA. The assessor may also choose to answer these questions based on well-studied closely-related species or on data for the target species from the region of origin. Although the concept of the “environmental impact” of a native species on native biodiversity and ecosyst ...
... available for producing the PRA. The assessor may also choose to answer these questions based on well-studied closely-related species or on data for the target species from the region of origin. Although the concept of the “environmental impact” of a native species on native biodiversity and ecosyst ...
Effect of Parity on Productivity and Sustainability of
... forces also impact food chain productivity. They considered a food chain with three trophic levels (carnivores, herbivores and plants) where the carnivores (predators) regulate the herbivore (prey) population, which in turn allows plants to flourish. In other words, the abundance of the plant popula ...
... forces also impact food chain productivity. They considered a food chain with three trophic levels (carnivores, herbivores and plants) where the carnivores (predators) regulate the herbivore (prey) population, which in turn allows plants to flourish. In other words, the abundance of the plant popula ...
Descent with Modification: A
... 8. Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification.” 9. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 10. Explain how Linnaeus’ classification scheme fit Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 11. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observat ...
... 8. Explain what Darwin meant by “descent with modification.” 9. Explain what evidence convinced Darwin that species change over time. 10. Explain how Linnaeus’ classification scheme fit Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural selection. 11. Describe the three inferences Darwin made from his observat ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.