The Revolution of Science through Scuba
... disturbances—requires a firm grasp of natural history (Dayton, 2003), without which ecologists may accept the right hypothesis for the wrong reason (Dayton, 1973), fail to recognize strong controlling interactions of consumer species, or oversimplify complex ecological communities, leading to inacc ...
... disturbances—requires a firm grasp of natural history (Dayton, 2003), without which ecologists may accept the right hypothesis for the wrong reason (Dayton, 1973), fail to recognize strong controlling interactions of consumer species, or oversimplify complex ecological communities, leading to inacc ...
Intraspecific trait variation across scales: implications for
... differential DNA methylation in plants can affect traits such as flowering time or drought tolerance, and their heritability (Fieldes & Amyot, 1999; Zhang et al., 2013). Such heritable epigenetic variation may aid population adaptation to global change, but not all epigenetic effects are adaptive: R ...
... differential DNA methylation in plants can affect traits such as flowering time or drought tolerance, and their heritability (Fieldes & Amyot, 1999; Zhang et al., 2013). Such heritable epigenetic variation may aid population adaptation to global change, but not all epigenetic effects are adaptive: R ...
Literature bibliography
... Sciences of the United States of America 105: 10057-10060. Agrawal, A.A., and Konno, K. 2009. Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 40: 311-331. Agrawal, A. A., M. Fishbein, R. Halit ...
... Sciences of the United States of America 105: 10057-10060. Agrawal, A.A., and Konno, K. 2009. Latex: a model for understanding mechanisms, ecology, and evolution of plant defense against herbivory. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics 40: 311-331. Agrawal, A. A., M. Fishbein, R. Halit ...
Positive interactions expand habitat use and the realized niches of
... We hypothesize that Spartina alterniflora cordgrass, the foundation species (Dayton 1975) that builds and maintains New England salt marshes, increases the realized niches of marine fauna and flora by ameliorating limiting physical and biological stresses. We operationally define realized niche space a ...
... We hypothesize that Spartina alterniflora cordgrass, the foundation species (Dayton 1975) that builds and maintains New England salt marshes, increases the realized niches of marine fauna and flora by ameliorating limiting physical and biological stresses. We operationally define realized niche space a ...
resolving ecological questions through meta
... biases that may inadvertently contaminate particular metrics and associated analyses. Imagine that, for each system that has been studied, we have a dynamically sufficient (and preferably mechanistic) model that can account for variation in abundances over time, as well as predict with reasonable ac ...
... biases that may inadvertently contaminate particular metrics and associated analyses. Imagine that, for each system that has been studied, we have a dynamically sufficient (and preferably mechanistic) model that can account for variation in abundances over time, as well as predict with reasonable ac ...
Sample pages 2 PDF
... in an environmental patch through the direct elimination of individuals or affecting resources, rates of predation and competition. Moreover, a disturbance can be considered as any change of structure in an environmental component (populations, communities, ecosystems) caused by factors external to ...
... in an environmental patch through the direct elimination of individuals or affecting resources, rates of predation and competition. Moreover, a disturbance can be considered as any change of structure in an environmental component (populations, communities, ecosystems) caused by factors external to ...
Soil phosphorus heterogeneity promotes tree species diversity and
... rainforest in southwestern China. Thirty-nine plots of 400 m2 (20 × 20 m) were randomly located in the Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest. Within each plot, soil nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) availability and heterogeneity, tree species diversity, and community phylogenetic structure w ...
... rainforest in southwestern China. Thirty-nine plots of 400 m2 (20 × 20 m) were randomly located in the Xishuangbanna tropical seasonal rainforest. Within each plot, soil nutrient (nitrogen and phosphorus) availability and heterogeneity, tree species diversity, and community phylogenetic structure w ...
Individualscale variation, speciesscale differences: inference
... coarse scales (e.g. atmospheric circulation). Highly aggregated variables at coarse spatio-temporal scales contribute perspectives that could not have been obtained from experiments on individuals (MacArthur 1972; Brown & Maurer 1989; the volume edited by Ricklefs & Jenkins 2011 is an important rece ...
... coarse scales (e.g. atmospheric circulation). Highly aggregated variables at coarse spatio-temporal scales contribute perspectives that could not have been obtained from experiments on individuals (MacArthur 1972; Brown & Maurer 1989; the volume edited by Ricklefs & Jenkins 2011 is an important rece ...
Conservation Implications of Invasion by Plant
... CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland; ∗ Author for correspondence (e-mail: vila@cc.uab.es; fax: +93-5811312) Received 13 October 1998; accepted in revised form 13 September 2000 ...
... CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland; ∗ Author for correspondence (e-mail: vila@cc.uab.es; fax: +93-5811312) Received 13 October 1998; accepted in revised form 13 September 2000 ...
Bio-Protection & Ecology Division Lake Rotokare Scenic Reserve Invertebrate Ecological Restoration Proposal
... methods of monitoring are obviously advantageous and can often double as a restoration technique for providing habitat or a safe refuge e.g. weta motels for tree weta species (Bowie et al. 2006), spiders (Hodge et al. 2007), or wooden discs for leaf‐vein slugs and cara ...
... methods of monitoring are obviously advantageous and can often double as a restoration technique for providing habitat or a safe refuge e.g. weta motels for tree weta species (Bowie et al. 2006), spiders (Hodge et al. 2007), or wooden discs for leaf‐vein slugs and cara ...
Carrying Capacity and Ecological Economics Mark Sagoff When the
... change,” and that “most of the growth of the economy over the last century had been due to technological progress.”10 Economists following Solow have adopted a standard model of growth that contains only two factors: knowledge and the labor to apply it. This model differs from the classical models o ...
... change,” and that “most of the growth of the economy over the last century had been due to technological progress.”10 Economists following Solow have adopted a standard model of growth that contains only two factors: knowledge and the labor to apply it. This model differs from the classical models o ...
Plant fitness in a rapidly changing world
... variation in nonclimatic factors, including herbivores (Garrido et al., 2012), pollinators (Boberg et al., 2014), mycorrhizal fungi (Johnson et al., 2010), edaphic conditions (Gould et al., 2014) and photoperiod (Friedman & Willis, 2013). Human activities are simultaneously modifying multiple abioti ...
... variation in nonclimatic factors, including herbivores (Garrido et al., 2012), pollinators (Boberg et al., 2014), mycorrhizal fungi (Johnson et al., 2010), edaphic conditions (Gould et al., 2014) and photoperiod (Friedman & Willis, 2013). Human activities are simultaneously modifying multiple abioti ...
From regional to global patterns in vertebrate scavenger
... Main conclusions Anthropogenic food from hunting subsidizes many vertebrate species from different trophic levels and conservation status and thus is expected to affect from populations to ecosystems. Obligate scavengers and apex predators seem to play a key role structuring the scavenger community ...
... Main conclusions Anthropogenic food from hunting subsidizes many vertebrate species from different trophic levels and conservation status and thus is expected to affect from populations to ecosystems. Obligate scavengers and apex predators seem to play a key role structuring the scavenger community ...
Partitioning the effects of eco-evolutionary feedbacks on
... dynamics. When is small, the evolutionary process occurs very slowly relative to the ecological processes (hereafter referred to as “slow evolution”). For example, slow evolution occurs when there are little fitness differences among individuals and low levels of genetic variance, which constrain ...
... dynamics. When is small, the evolutionary process occurs very slowly relative to the ecological processes (hereafter referred to as “slow evolution”). For example, slow evolution occurs when there are little fitness differences among individuals and low levels of genetic variance, which constrain ...
Effects of offshore wind turbine foundations on mobile
... Standing stock in alpha ventus ~20,700 Brown crabs (different size) StUKplus Conference - Ecological Research at alpha ventus │Berlin ...
... Standing stock in alpha ventus ~20,700 Brown crabs (different size) StUKplus Conference - Ecological Research at alpha ventus │Berlin ...
Species diversity, invasion success, and ecosystem functioning
... changes with the availability of resources (space) and the presence of habitat-forming foundation species. In these systems, biotic resistance appears to be important only when resources are scarce and foundation species are rare. Thus, we conclude that biotic resistance, as identified in experiment ...
... changes with the availability of resources (space) and the presence of habitat-forming foundation species. In these systems, biotic resistance appears to be important only when resources are scarce and foundation species are rare. Thus, we conclude that biotic resistance, as identified in experiment ...
Stochastic competitive exclusion leads to a cascade of
... Recently, we focused on the influence of ecological drift on the similarity of coexisting species via the competitive exclusion principle (Capitán et al., 2015). In that contribution we showed that, in the presence of ecological drift, the maximum degree of similarity that ensures stable coexistenc ...
... Recently, we focused on the influence of ecological drift on the similarity of coexisting species via the competitive exclusion principle (Capitán et al., 2015). In that contribution we showed that, in the presence of ecological drift, the maximum degree of similarity that ensures stable coexistenc ...
Effects of the non-native amphibian species Discoglossus pictus on
... Pre-metamorphic traits such as timing of and size at metamorphosis influence post-metamorphic performance and future fitness of amphibians (Altwegg and Reyer 2003). If non-native species substantially outperform co-occurring natives, then we can expect serious widespread consequences for the communi ...
... Pre-metamorphic traits such as timing of and size at metamorphosis influence post-metamorphic performance and future fitness of amphibians (Altwegg and Reyer 2003). If non-native species substantially outperform co-occurring natives, then we can expect serious widespread consequences for the communi ...
Indirect Effects of Introduced Predators on Seabird Islands
... groups (Chapter 3), the vast majority can be classified into one of three categories depending on their trophic position (see Chapters 3 and 4 for details on specific species; Figure 9.1, shaded boxes). A top predator is the highest order, or apex, predator in a food chain. Mesopredators are any oth ...
... groups (Chapter 3), the vast majority can be classified into one of three categories depending on their trophic position (see Chapters 3 and 4 for details on specific species; Figure 9.1, shaded boxes). A top predator is the highest order, or apex, predator in a food chain. Mesopredators are any oth ...
Trait matching of flower visitors and crops predicts
... crop flowers per insect species and fruit set in 469 fields of 33 crop systems. Through hierarchical mixed-effects models, we tested whether flower visitor trait diversity and/or trait matching between flower visitors and crops improve the prediction of crop fruit set (functioning) beyond flower vis ...
... crop flowers per insect species and fruit set in 469 fields of 33 crop systems. Through hierarchical mixed-effects models, we tested whether flower visitor trait diversity and/or trait matching between flower visitors and crops improve the prediction of crop fruit set (functioning) beyond flower vis ...
Counting the books while the library burns: why conservation
... “learning” and generally involves using monitoring data to update or compare competing models of cause and effect. For monitoring information to be useful in resolving uncertainty about the relative effectiveness of conservation actions, it is critical that the correct “state variable” (eg juvenile ...
... “learning” and generally involves using monitoring data to update or compare competing models of cause and effect. For monitoring information to be useful in resolving uncertainty about the relative effectiveness of conservation actions, it is critical that the correct “state variable” (eg juvenile ...
N - 國立台南大學
... can kill or damage individuals, while creating opportunities for others. Example: Some forest plant species require abundant sunlight and are found only where disturbance has opened the tree canopy. As trees recolonize and create shade, these plants can not persist in the patch. ...
... can kill or damage individuals, while creating opportunities for others. Example: Some forest plant species require abundant sunlight and are found only where disturbance has opened the tree canopy. As trees recolonize and create shade, these plants can not persist in the patch. ...
Chapter 02 - Moore Public Schools
... Biotic and abiotic factors form ecosystems In a healthy forest community, interacting populations might include birds eating insects, squirrels eating nuts from trees, mushrooms growing from decaying leaves or bark, and raccoons fishing in a stream. In addition to how individuals in a population in ...
... Biotic and abiotic factors form ecosystems In a healthy forest community, interacting populations might include birds eating insects, squirrels eating nuts from trees, mushrooms growing from decaying leaves or bark, and raccoons fishing in a stream. In addition to how individuals in a population in ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.