1 2 Within plant interspecific competition does not limit the highly
... important ecosystem functions provided by diverse ecological communities. Interspecific ...
... important ecosystem functions provided by diverse ecological communities. Interspecific ...
Effects of density and ontogeny on size and growth
... strategies or plant traits (Tilman 1988; Suding & Goldberg 2001; Baraloto et al. 2005). Examples include the hypothesized tradeoffs between above-ground and below-ground competitive ability across fertility gradients (Tilman 1988) or trade-offs between growth rates and survival across light gradient ...
... strategies or plant traits (Tilman 1988; Suding & Goldberg 2001; Baraloto et al. 2005). Examples include the hypothesized tradeoffs between above-ground and below-ground competitive ability across fertility gradients (Tilman 1988) or trade-offs between growth rates and survival across light gradient ...
How Habitat Edges Change Species Interactions
... lost from the population and may return or contribute offspring to the patch. Studies of the spatial dynamics of the spruce budworm (Ludwig et al. 1979) are a now-classical ecological application of mixed boundary conditions. Ecological examples of all three types of mixed boundary conditions common ...
... lost from the population and may return or contribute offspring to the patch. Studies of the spatial dynamics of the spruce budworm (Ludwig et al. 1979) are a now-classical ecological application of mixed boundary conditions. Ecological examples of all three types of mixed boundary conditions common ...
Chapter One Targets
... I can describe why energy flow, mass, and populations in ecology are best represented by a pyramid. I can tell the difference between a food chain and a food web. I can predict what will happen to a food chain/food web if a population increases/decreases in size. I can identify organisms by trophic ...
... I can describe why energy flow, mass, and populations in ecology are best represented by a pyramid. I can tell the difference between a food chain and a food web. I can predict what will happen to a food chain/food web if a population increases/decreases in size. I can identify organisms by trophic ...
Powerpoint
... grasslands because environmental conditions (rainfall amount and timing) varies greatly from year to year. Variable conditions mean that the best competitor varies from year-to-year as well. ...
... grasslands because environmental conditions (rainfall amount and timing) varies greatly from year to year. Variable conditions mean that the best competitor varies from year-to-year as well. ...
Trophically Unique Species Are Vulnerable to Cascading Extinction Linköping University Postprint
... they have to lose fewer links to be unfeasible (e.g., a consumer with no prey; MacArthur 1955). While this is true in relatively sparsely connected food webs, the opposite may be true in more complex ones. There, moreconnected species can suffer greater risk of secondary extinction, possibly because ...
... they have to lose fewer links to be unfeasible (e.g., a consumer with no prey; MacArthur 1955). While this is true in relatively sparsely connected food webs, the opposite may be true in more complex ones. There, moreconnected species can suffer greater risk of secondary extinction, possibly because ...
Trait-mediated assembly processes predict successional changes in
... alters local resource availability, which may drive species turnover (17–19). Early successional forests are typically dominated by species with acquisitive traits, such as low WSG and high specific leaf area (SLA), which enable rapid growth, resource capture, and high fitness under conditions of hi ...
... alters local resource availability, which may drive species turnover (17–19). Early successional forests are typically dominated by species with acquisitive traits, such as low WSG and high specific leaf area (SLA), which enable rapid growth, resource capture, and high fitness under conditions of hi ...
Terrestrial Fauna
... Some species now only persist in isolated pockets of habitat and offshore islands, requiring on-ground monitoring and management to ensure their survival. In particular, mammal species have experienced dramatic declines in species distributions and abundance due to human-induced impacts, with 29 per ...
... Some species now only persist in isolated pockets of habitat and offshore islands, requiring on-ground monitoring and management to ensure their survival. In particular, mammal species have experienced dramatic declines in species distributions and abundance due to human-induced impacts, with 29 per ...
The Endangered Species Act and the distinct population segment
... that are ‘different’ or ‘unique’’’ (NMFS 1991:58612). However, in addressing this second meaning of the term distinct, the NMFS memorandum goes beyond a neutral effort to measure differentness and mandates an inquiry into the value of the population from an ESA perspective — its importance to the ge ...
... that are ‘different’ or ‘unique’’’ (NMFS 1991:58612). However, in addressing this second meaning of the term distinct, the NMFS memorandum goes beyond a neutral effort to measure differentness and mandates an inquiry into the value of the population from an ESA perspective — its importance to the ge ...
Within outlying mean indexes: refining the OMI analysis for
... The ecological niche concept has regained interest under environmental change (e.g., climate change, eutrophication, and habitat destruction), especially to study the impacts on niche shift and conservatism. Here, we propose the within outlying mean indexes (WitOMI), which refine the outlying mean i ...
... The ecological niche concept has regained interest under environmental change (e.g., climate change, eutrophication, and habitat destruction), especially to study the impacts on niche shift and conservatism. Here, we propose the within outlying mean indexes (WitOMI), which refine the outlying mean i ...
Preface 1 PDF
... Chapter 7, by Benayas and Bullock, discusses the challenges of restoring forests on agricultural land where tree recruitment is limited either by soil degradation or limited seed dispersal, and frame that discussion in the “land sharing” versus “land sparing” debate. They advocate a proactive approa ...
... Chapter 7, by Benayas and Bullock, discusses the challenges of restoring forests on agricultural land where tree recruitment is limited either by soil degradation or limited seed dispersal, and frame that discussion in the “land sharing” versus “land sparing” debate. They advocate a proactive approa ...
Do ectotherms partition thermal resources? We still do not know
... fundamental niche space is occupied due, for instance, to dispersal barriers or to biotic interactions such as interspecific competition, predation, and parasitism. This occupied subset of the fundamental niche is the realized niche. The definition of niches according to resource dimensions revoluti ...
... fundamental niche space is occupied due, for instance, to dispersal barriers or to biotic interactions such as interspecific competition, predation, and parasitism. This occupied subset of the fundamental niche is the realized niche. The definition of niches according to resource dimensions revoluti ...
Trophic interactions and range limits: the diverse roles of
... some sites may be occupied and thus within the range because dispersal sustains sink populations in habitats with conditions outside the niche. When dispersal occurs at a low trickle and there are no barriers to dispersal (so all sites in a region can be reached occasionally), to a reasonable approx ...
... some sites may be occupied and thus within the range because dispersal sustains sink populations in habitats with conditions outside the niche. When dispersal occurs at a low trickle and there are no barriers to dispersal (so all sites in a region can be reached occasionally), to a reasonable approx ...
What Do We Mean When We Talk About Ecological Restoration?
... He states that “the world we inhabit is always one transformed by human practices” and thus it is impossible to parse out a nature separate from us (Vogel 2002). It appears to me that, given the current trajectories of human population growth and ongoing environmental change, all areas that will rem ...
... He states that “the world we inhabit is always one transformed by human practices” and thus it is impossible to parse out a nature separate from us (Vogel 2002). It appears to me that, given the current trajectories of human population growth and ongoing environmental change, all areas that will rem ...
simplifying the study of competition at the individual plant level
... While a large number of studies exist that quantify the impact of competition reduction on aspects of tree survival and growth (Stewart et al. 1984; Walstad & Kuch 1987), the vast majority of these are highly specific to particular situations. In hopes of broadening the interpretation of such studie ...
... While a large number of studies exist that quantify the impact of competition reduction on aspects of tree survival and growth (Stewart et al. 1984; Walstad & Kuch 1987), the vast majority of these are highly specific to particular situations. In hopes of broadening the interpretation of such studie ...
Habitat: Shallow Rocky Reef Species (0
... Limited knowledge is a pervasive problem which the scientific and management community must confront daily. Rarely do we have complete information regarding the life history and trophic interactions that govern the population dynamics of species, be they commercially harvested or threatened. Marine ...
... Limited knowledge is a pervasive problem which the scientific and management community must confront daily. Rarely do we have complete information regarding the life history and trophic interactions that govern the population dynamics of species, be they commercially harvested or threatened. Marine ...
Effects of predation and variation in species relative
... 30 l. During each collecting period a 0.5 l sample of wellmixed water and organisms is removed from each pool. Each pool sample reasonably represents the state of the pool community at the time of collection, including species richness, the number of individuals of each species, and proportions amon ...
... 30 l. During each collecting period a 0.5 l sample of wellmixed water and organisms is removed from each pool. Each pool sample reasonably represents the state of the pool community at the time of collection, including species richness, the number of individuals of each species, and proportions amon ...
Despite its inhospitable appearance and lack of
... The accidental guests occurring in groundwater are called stygoxenes. They do not have adaptations enabling them to survive in the harsh underground environment, where food supply is more restricted than in their habitat of origin. However, in particular conditions - for example if the aquifer is or ...
... The accidental guests occurring in groundwater are called stygoxenes. They do not have adaptations enabling them to survive in the harsh underground environment, where food supply is more restricted than in their habitat of origin. However, in particular conditions - for example if the aquifer is or ...
Evaluating condition-specific and asymmetric competition in a
... competitive interactions is modulated by abiotic factors, has been proposed as a mechanism explaining how competition may shape community structure (Dunson and Travis 1991) and species distributions (Taniguchi and Nakano 2000) by resulting in the competitive exclusion of a subordinate species when i ...
... competitive interactions is modulated by abiotic factors, has been proposed as a mechanism explaining how competition may shape community structure (Dunson and Travis 1991) and species distributions (Taniguchi and Nakano 2000) by resulting in the competitive exclusion of a subordinate species when i ...
figure 3 koala habitat map - Roads and Maritime Services
... approximately 470 m wide 1km to the west. NPWS (1997) noted that strong edge effects have been observed on avifauna within 15 metres from the edge of a forest, with true forest dependent species not likely to become established until 250 metres from an edge. This indicates that, aside from simply be ...
... approximately 470 m wide 1km to the west. NPWS (1997) noted that strong edge effects have been observed on avifauna within 15 metres from the edge of a forest, with true forest dependent species not likely to become established until 250 metres from an edge. This indicates that, aside from simply be ...
Biodiversity and aquatic ecosystem functioning
... directly from the diversity of functional traits in the biotic communities, which is in turn determined by the species composition and diversity. This species diversity results from both biotic introductions and environmental pressures. As a result, changes in biodiversity in response to environment ...
... directly from the diversity of functional traits in the biotic communities, which is in turn determined by the species composition and diversity. This species diversity results from both biotic introductions and environmental pressures. As a result, changes in biodiversity in response to environment ...
Population Dynamics of Soil and Vegetation Protozoa Newcomb
... small flagellates and Colpoda. These protozoa enhance populations (which increase in numbers) and prepare the ecosystem for hymenostomes and hypotrichs which in turn reduce the bacterial populations for the succeeding peritrichs. Such succession appears spatially in a stream receiving sewage. The so ...
... small flagellates and Colpoda. These protozoa enhance populations (which increase in numbers) and prepare the ecosystem for hymenostomes and hypotrichs which in turn reduce the bacterial populations for the succeeding peritrichs. Such succession appears spatially in a stream receiving sewage. The so ...
vamosi and schluter 2004
... that the interactions between the species are mediated through a higher trophic level. Holt (1977) coined the term ‘‘apparent competition’’ to denote the difference between this interaction and resource competition. Alternatively, ‘‘apparent mutualism’’ may emerge in sympatry, leading to parallel de ...
... that the interactions between the species are mediated through a higher trophic level. Holt (1977) coined the term ‘‘apparent competition’’ to denote the difference between this interaction and resource competition. Alternatively, ‘‘apparent mutualism’’ may emerge in sympatry, leading to parallel de ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.