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ppt - Institute for Astronomy
ppt - Institute for Astronomy

... Fragmentation and the Formation of Wide Binaries - II ...
PS 224, Fall 2014 HW 4
PS 224, Fall 2014 HW 4

... a: Dark cloud: Large molecular clouds develop dense regions that appear darker than surrounding regions. This can be precipitated by external pressure or forces or random fluctuations present in the cloud. These regions are very large, typically around 200,000 AU. b: Gravitational collapse: When the ...
Core instability models of giant planet accretion – II. Forming
Core instability models of giant planet accretion – II. Forming

... form several cores in the same disc. Initially we start the simulation with a number N planets,0 of cores through the disc, separated by 10 rH . This could have important consequences on the final distribution of masses and semimajor axis of extrasolar planets, especially for the changes in the dyna ...
Comets - Earth & Planetary Sciences
Comets - Earth & Planetary Sciences

Ch 8.3 - The Solar System
Ch 8.3 - The Solar System

... - Without the use of an optical aid, we can see Venus, Mars, and Jupiter at night. - The inner solar system consists of Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars, Terrestrial Planets. - The giant planets, beyond Mars are; Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune, make up the outer Solar System. These are gaseous ...
Stellar Evolution: After the Main Sequence
Stellar Evolution: After the Main Sequence

... surrounded by a shell through which hydrogen fusion works its way outward in the star • The core shrinks and becomes hotter, while the star’s outer layers expand and cool • The result is a red giant star ...
cassiopeia a - Chandra X
cassiopeia a - Chandra X

Astronomy - cloudfront.net
Astronomy - cloudfront.net

... B. The Moon is the result of a collision between the Earth and a Mars sized object in the early days of the Solar System (the collision theory). C. The Moon was originally a bulge on the Earth that was flung off by the rapidly spinning Earth (fission theory). D. The Moon formed somewhere else and wa ...
Stellar Evolution Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Hertzsprung
Stellar Evolution Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram Hertzsprung

... · nuclear fusion of hydrogen into helium produces energy · when fusion slows or stops, stars move off the main sequence · next stage is determined by a star's size ...
RIPL Radio Interferometric Planet Search
RIPL Radio Interferometric Planet Search

... Sensitivity is limited by the short lever arm of VLBA observations: ~10 days RIPL will extend this lever arm by factor of 100 ...
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Contraction of a Magnetized Rotating Cloud

Day 1212
Day 1212

... The outer layers expand and cool. In this late stage of its life cycle, an average star like our Sun is called a giant. ...
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Collapse of rapidly rotating massive stellar core to a black hole

17Nov_2014
17Nov_2014

... Formation of Planetary Nebula ...
Star Fromation and ISM
Star Fromation and ISM

... • The protostar continues to collapse; when the core is dense and hot enough, fusion begins • The star still continues to collapse until the inward force of gravity is balanced by the outward pressure from the core. The star is now on the main sequence. • More massive stars follow the same process, ...
ppt
ppt

Chapter 13
Chapter 13

... 1. The observed dark areas in the sky are caused by giant clouds of interstellar dust that block light from stars behind them. 2. In the 1930s, astronomers became aware that grains of dust exist throughout space. Interstellar cirrus clouds are faint, diffuse dust clouds found throughout interstellar ...
Stars
Stars

... mass white dwarfs undergoing nuclear fusion. This turns out to mean they are… • GREAT “standard candles” – objects of known luminosity, on which we can then use simple math to determine their distance. • So, any SN I and its host galaxy, we can find it’s distance, even out to the edge of the observa ...
PH709-assn-answers
PH709-assn-answers

... Planetesimals form as dust/grains separate/diffuse from the gas, forming a denser dust disc near the mid-plane. Inelastic ollisions between grains are more common in this disc and sticking/coalescence occurs. Turbulence stirs up the gas increasing the collision rate OR Gravity becomes more important ...
NASC 1100
NASC 1100

Kepler Team Finds System with Two Potentially Habitable Planets
Kepler Team Finds System with Two Potentially Habitable Planets

... “These planets are unlike anything in our solar system. They have endless oceans,” said lead author Lisa Kaltenegger of the Max Planck Institute for Astronomy and the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. “There may be life there, but could it be technology-based like ours? Life on these worl ...
SIM-Jansky - Caltech Astronomy
SIM-Jansky - Caltech Astronomy

... Eccentric orbits are common: scattering? – Several multiple systems of giant planets are known – Mass distribution extends below Saturn mass – Giant-Planet occurrence is high: ~7% ...
News Release - האוניברסיטה העברית
News Release - האוניברסיטה העברית

... and in large quantities at such an early stage without massive galactic mergers. In the article published in Nature, Prof. Dekel and his Hebrew University and French associates, pose their new theoretical model, which explains these observed phenomena. Their findings are based on computer simulation ...
Integrative Studies 410 Our Place in the Universe
Integrative Studies 410 Our Place in the Universe

Lecture PowerPoint
Lecture PowerPoint

... –To provide data on possible platforms for astrobiology beyond our Solar System These imply study of terrestrial planets in the habitable zones of solar-type stars… ...
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Nebular hypothesis

The nebular hypothesis is the most widely accepted model in the field of cosmogony to explain the formation and evolution of the Solar System. It suggests that the Solar System formed from nebulous material. The theory was developed by Immanuel Kant and published in his Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heaven. Originally applied to our own Solar System, this process of planetary system formation is now thought to be at work throughout the universe. The widely accepted modern variant of the nebular hypothesis is the solar nebular disk model (SNDM) or simply solar nebular model. This nebular hypothesis offered explanations for a variety of properties of the Solar System, including the nearly circular and coplanar orbits of the planets, and their motion in the same direction as the Sun's rotation. Some elements of the nebular hypothesis are echoed in modern theories of planetary formation, but most elements have been superseded.According to the nebular hypothesis, stars form in massive and dense clouds of molecular hydrogen—giant molecular clouds (GMC). These clouds are gravitationally unstable, and matter coalesces within them to smaller denser clumps, which then rotate, collapse, and form stars. Star formation is a complex process, which always produces a gaseous protoplanetary disk around the young star. This may give birth to planets in certain circumstances, which are not well known. Thus the formation of planetary systems is thought to be a natural result of star formation. A Sun-like star usually takes approximately 1 million years to form, with the protoplanetary disk evolving into a planetary system over the next 10-100 million years.The protoplanetary disk is an accretion disk that feeds the central star. Initially very hot, the disk later cools in what is known as the T tauri star stage; here, formation of small dust grains made of rocks and ice is possible. The grains eventually may coagulate into kilometer-sized planetesimals. If the disk is massive enough, the runaway accretions begin, resulting in the rapid—100,000 to 300,000 years—formation of Moon- to Mars-sized planetary embryos. Near the star, the planetary embryos go through a stage of violent mergers, producing a few terrestrial planets. The last stage takes approximately 100 million to a billion years.The formation of giant planets is a more complicated process. It is thought to occur beyond the so-called frost line, where planetary embryos mainly are made of various types of ice. As a result, they are several times more massive than in the inner part of the protoplanetary disk. What follows after the embryo formation is not completely clear. Some embryos appear to continue to grow and eventually reach 5–10 Earth masses—the threshold value, which is necessary to begin accretion of the hydrogen–helium gas from the disk. The accumulation of gas by the core is initially a slow process, which continues for several million years, but after the forming protoplanet reaches about 30 Earth masses (M⊕) it accelerates and proceeds in a runaway manner. Jupiter- and Saturn-like planets are thought to accumulate the bulk of their mass during only 10,000 years. The accretion stops when the gas is exhausted. The formed planets can migrate over long distances during or after their formation. Ice giants such as Uranus and Neptune are thought to be failed cores, which formed too late when the disk had almost disappeared.
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