Hypophysis
... contractions within the wall of the uterus as well as the oviduct. This action may facilitate sperm transport within the female reproductive tract. Oxytocin levels rise and increases uterine smooth muscle contractions during labor. Oxytocin also is believed to play a major role in certain behaviors ...
... contractions within the wall of the uterus as well as the oviduct. This action may facilitate sperm transport within the female reproductive tract. Oxytocin levels rise and increases uterine smooth muscle contractions during labor. Oxytocin also is believed to play a major role in certain behaviors ...
No Slide Title
... BIFURCATION OF COMMON CAROTID BLOOD SUPPLY-EXTERNAL CAROTID VENOUS DRAIN-INT JUGULAR NERVE SUPPLY- IX NERVE ...
... BIFURCATION OF COMMON CAROTID BLOOD SUPPLY-EXTERNAL CAROTID VENOUS DRAIN-INT JUGULAR NERVE SUPPLY- IX NERVE ...
Minireview - Leslie Vosshall
... pheromone circuits, these neurons are tuned to pheromones. Does the subtle sexual dimorphism in DA1 glomerulus size translate to any male-female differences in neural activation? To answer this question, various groups have begun to trace the connectivity of pheromone circuits to higher brain center ...
... pheromone circuits, these neurons are tuned to pheromones. Does the subtle sexual dimorphism in DA1 glomerulus size translate to any male-female differences in neural activation? To answer this question, various groups have begun to trace the connectivity of pheromone circuits to higher brain center ...
Are We Paying Attention Yet?
... visual field to detect brief visual stimuli with speeded keypress response Shifting-attention task involves endogenous cueing and stimuli at attended locations were detected faster than at unattended locations Central-detection task: subjects attended to and manually responded to stimuli in fovea wh ...
... visual field to detect brief visual stimuli with speeded keypress response Shifting-attention task involves endogenous cueing and stimuli at attended locations were detected faster than at unattended locations Central-detection task: subjects attended to and manually responded to stimuli in fovea wh ...
Chapter 14 The Autonomic Nervous System Chapter - CM
... 2. Effects on smooth muscle cells: when norepinephrine binds to specific receptors it mediates the following changes (Figure 14.7): a. Constriction of blood vessels serving the digestive, urinary, and integumentary system occurs when norepinephrine binds to receptors, which decreases blood flow to t ...
... 2. Effects on smooth muscle cells: when norepinephrine binds to specific receptors it mediates the following changes (Figure 14.7): a. Constriction of blood vessels serving the digestive, urinary, and integumentary system occurs when norepinephrine binds to receptors, which decreases blood flow to t ...
The Complicated Equation of Smell, Flavor, and Taste
... the nose and its cavities.1 Although one cannot form without the other, neural crest cells get to their destination first. The olfactory receptor neurons are in the nasal cavity, and their axons, arranged in fascicles, traverse the cribriform plates and dura to synapse with cells in the olfactory bu ...
... the nose and its cavities.1 Although one cannot form without the other, neural crest cells get to their destination first. The olfactory receptor neurons are in the nasal cavity, and their axons, arranged in fascicles, traverse the cribriform plates and dura to synapse with cells in the olfactory bu ...
2_Neuro-Bio_Review
... response. The cell then returns to its polarized state. Refractory Period: For 1/1000 of a second after firing, the cell cannot fire again. This is Somewhat like a camera flash recharging itself. ...
... response. The cell then returns to its polarized state. Refractory Period: For 1/1000 of a second after firing, the cell cannot fire again. This is Somewhat like a camera flash recharging itself. ...
Hypothalamic pathways linking energy balance and reproduction
... existence of two mechanisms, one inhibitory and one stimulatory, through which endogenous NPY regulates the GnRH pulse generator. In numerous species, NPY has negative effects ...
... existence of two mechanisms, one inhibitory and one stimulatory, through which endogenous NPY regulates the GnRH pulse generator. In numerous species, NPY has negative effects ...
Nervous System - Discovery Education
... time is saved. The brain becomes aware of the situation, but after it has taken place. There are five senses that supply our brain with information about our surroundings. The senses of touch, taste, smell, hearing, and sight constantly send signals to the brain for interpretation. The sense of sigh ...
... time is saved. The brain becomes aware of the situation, but after it has taken place. There are five senses that supply our brain with information about our surroundings. The senses of touch, taste, smell, hearing, and sight constantly send signals to the brain for interpretation. The sense of sigh ...
Basic Structure and Function of Neurons
... to a ventral root .They form excitatory synaptic contacts with interneurons located in the ventromedial region of the ventral horn . The axons of these Renshaw cells establish inhibitory synaptic contacts with the same and interneurons in an overlapping and diffuse fashion. Since the Renshaw cells p ...
... to a ventral root .They form excitatory synaptic contacts with interneurons located in the ventromedial region of the ventral horn . The axons of these Renshaw cells establish inhibitory synaptic contacts with the same and interneurons in an overlapping and diffuse fashion. Since the Renshaw cells p ...
as a PDF
... animal expects to receive food reward as a result of the movement. These cells show very little activity tied to the arm movement when the animal expects to receive only a sound as a result of the movement. Further, this type of striatal cell shows little activity when the animal expects to receive ...
... animal expects to receive food reward as a result of the movement. These cells show very little activity tied to the arm movement when the animal expects to receive only a sound as a result of the movement. Further, this type of striatal cell shows little activity when the animal expects to receive ...
cns structure - Department of Physiology
... Modalities are broken down into Submodalities. e.g Taste/sweet. All receptors of a single afferent neuron respond preferentially to the same stimulus type. Overlap of different sensory neuron receptive fields allow a single stimulus to provide multiple sensations because multiple neurons that respon ...
... Modalities are broken down into Submodalities. e.g Taste/sweet. All receptors of a single afferent neuron respond preferentially to the same stimulus type. Overlap of different sensory neuron receptive fields allow a single stimulus to provide multiple sensations because multiple neurons that respon ...
system quanta as discrete units of behavior
... levels extend in their hierarchy from genes and functional systems of metabolic and autonomic level to zoo-social populations of animals and human communities. Needs of organisms also arise at different levels of life activity. They include metabolic (biological) needs of the required nutrients, oxy ...
... levels extend in their hierarchy from genes and functional systems of metabolic and autonomic level to zoo-social populations of animals and human communities. Needs of organisms also arise at different levels of life activity. They include metabolic (biological) needs of the required nutrients, oxy ...
Nerve Pathways: Functions, Lesions and Adhesions D.Robbins
... Image taken from: http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/psychology/images/thumb/c/c0/Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea__English.svg/400px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea_-_English.svg.png ...
... Image taken from: http://images3.wikia.nocookie.net/psychology/images/thumb/c/c0/Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea__English.svg/400px-Medulla_spinalis_-_Substantia_grisea_-_English.svg.png ...
Action observation and action imagination: from pathology to the
... Inherent capacity to recognize other people’s actions ...
... Inherent capacity to recognize other people’s actions ...
Neurotransmitter Profile of Saccadic Omnipause Neurons in
... Ohgaki et al., 1987; Strassman et al., 1987) and monkeys (for review, see Btittner-Enncver and Biittner, 1988: Ohgaki et al., 1989; Langer and Kaneko, 1990), the exact sources of inputs and synaptic mechanisms producing the characteristic firing pattern of OPNs are still not clear. Pharmacological e ...
... Ohgaki et al., 1987; Strassman et al., 1987) and monkeys (for review, see Btittner-Enncver and Biittner, 1988: Ohgaki et al., 1989; Langer and Kaneko, 1990), the exact sources of inputs and synaptic mechanisms producing the characteristic firing pattern of OPNs are still not clear. Pharmacological e ...
sms7new
... 3. The STN receives input from the frontal lobe, especially from the motor, premotor, and supplementary motor cortex and from the frontal eye fields. 4. The STN sends a fast divergent excitatory projection to GPi and SNpr. 5. Reciprocal and loop-like connection among basal ganglia nuclei that may pl ...
... 3. The STN receives input from the frontal lobe, especially from the motor, premotor, and supplementary motor cortex and from the frontal eye fields. 4. The STN sends a fast divergent excitatory projection to GPi and SNpr. 5. Reciprocal and loop-like connection among basal ganglia nuclei that may pl ...
The Nervous System
... around the larger nerve fibers in the PNS. Vital to neuronal regeneration ...
... around the larger nerve fibers in the PNS. Vital to neuronal regeneration ...
Muscle
... -Myopathic disorders due to degeneration of muscle, with little or no change in motor neurons (characterized by muscle weakness, myotonia, myoglobinurea (heme-containing proteins in urine), and increase in sarcoplasmic enzymes in plasma) -Upper motor neuron (neuron in brain, w/ synapses w/ motor neu ...
... -Myopathic disorders due to degeneration of muscle, with little or no change in motor neurons (characterized by muscle weakness, myotonia, myoglobinurea (heme-containing proteins in urine), and increase in sarcoplasmic enzymes in plasma) -Upper motor neuron (neuron in brain, w/ synapses w/ motor neu ...
The avian `prefrontal cortex` and cognition - Ruhr-Universität
... The most obvious difference between the forebrains of mammals and birds is the lack of a laminated cortex within the avian telencephalon. The mammalian cortex, including neo-, archi- and paleocortical components, together with the claustrum and lateral parts of the amygdala, constitutes the forebrai ...
... The most obvious difference between the forebrains of mammals and birds is the lack of a laminated cortex within the avian telencephalon. The mammalian cortex, including neo-, archi- and paleocortical components, together with the claustrum and lateral parts of the amygdala, constitutes the forebrai ...
Introduction to Brain Structure - Center for Behavioral Neuroscience
... that the species with the lower body weight would be more intelligent. One way to increase brain weight while maintaining the same brain size is to pack the neurons in more densely. One of the ways this is accomplished is by the convolutions (folding) of the cerebral cortex. Thus more advanced anima ...
... that the species with the lower body weight would be more intelligent. One way to increase brain weight while maintaining the same brain size is to pack the neurons in more densely. One of the ways this is accomplished is by the convolutions (folding) of the cerebral cortex. Thus more advanced anima ...
Low-Power Circuits for Brain-Machine Interfaces
... have emerged as an important experimental paradigm for investigating brain function. Experiments using such Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) have shown that it is possible to predict intended limb movements by analyzing simultaneous recordings from many neurons. These findings have suggested a potent ...
... have emerged as an important experimental paradigm for investigating brain function. Experiments using such Brain-Machine Interfaces (BMIs) have shown that it is possible to predict intended limb movements by analyzing simultaneous recordings from many neurons. These findings have suggested a potent ...
12 - FacultyWeb
... • Neural crest cells that come to lie alongside the cord form the dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons; axons grow into the dorsal aspect of the cord Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... • Neural crest cells that come to lie alongside the cord form the dorsal root ganglia sensory neurons; axons grow into the dorsal aspect of the cord Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Optogenetics
Optogenetics (from Greek optikós, meaning ""seen, visible"") is a biological technique which involves the use of light to control cells in living tissue, typically neurons, that have been genetically modified to express light-sensitive ion channels. It is a neuromodulation method employed in neuroscience that uses a combination of techniques from optics and genetics to control and monitor the activities of individual neurons in living tissue—even within freely-moving animals—and to precisely measure the effects of those manipulations in real-time. The key reagents used in optogenetics are light-sensitive proteins. Spatially-precise neuronal control is achieved using optogenetic actuators like channelrhodopsin, halorhodopsin, and archaerhodopsin, while temporally-precise recordings can be made with the help of optogenetic sensors for calcium (Aequorin, Cameleon, GCaMP), chloride (Clomeleon) or membrane voltage (Mermaid).The earliest approaches were developed and applied by Boris Zemelman and Gero Miesenböck, at the Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York City, and Dirk Trauner, Richard Kramer and Ehud Isacoff at the University of California, Berkeley; these methods conferred light sensitivity but were never reported to be useful by other laboratories due to the multiple components these approaches required. A distinct single-component approach involving microbial opsin genes introduced in 2005 turned out to be widely applied, as described below. Optogenetics is known for the high spatial and temporal resolution that it provides in altering the activity of specific types of neurons to control a subject's behaviour.In 2010, optogenetics was chosen as the ""Method of the Year"" across all fields of science and engineering by the interdisciplinary research journal Nature Methods. At the same time, optogenetics was highlighted in the article on “Breakthroughs of the Decade” in the academic research journal Science. These journals also referenced recent public-access general-interest video Method of the year video and textual SciAm summaries of optogenetics.