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Half-life of a drug
Half-life of a drug

... The volume of distribution is not an actual volume, since its estimation may result in a volume greater than the volume available in the body (~40 L in a 70-kg adult). Such a value will result if the compound is bound or sequestered at some extravascular site. For example, a highly lipidsoluble drug ...
Role of p.m. antimuscarinic medication in the treatment of
Role of p.m. antimuscarinic medication in the treatment of

... quantities are being taken, this should be looked into. If significant amounts are being taken for genuine reasons, then other treatment avenues should be explored. Avoiding the use of antimuscarinic agents when they are not indicated and regulating their use when they are prescribed help to reduce ...
The Economics of Commercial Success in Pharmaceutical Patent
The Economics of Commercial Success in Pharmaceutical Patent

... found that evidence of high marketing expenditures alone is not sufficient to undermine the nexus presumption.8 Rather, the courts also considered factors such as the typical advertising intensity for a particular drug class, the relative marketing intensity of the drug at issue compared to its comp ...
Club Drugs: MDMA, Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)
Club Drugs: MDMA, Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB)

... and the dangers of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine.However,most users are unaware that MDMA is a type of methamphetamine,and incorrectly assume that substances that appear as pharmaceuticals are safe to use. Club drugs often are taken together, with alcohol, or with other drugs to enhance their ...
ISSN 1608-2281 2006 6(3):179-181
ISSN 1608-2281 2006 6(3):179-181

... use during the drug discovery and development process. The use of transporter function offers the possibility of delivering a drug to the target organ, avoiding distribution to other organs (thereby reducing the chance of toxic side-effects), controlling the elimination process, and/or improving ora ...
Roach: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology
Roach: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology

... – Phase I: 20 to 100 volunteers involved ...
1 Evaluation of Dual-Activity Opioid
1 Evaluation of Dual-Activity Opioid

... cross the blood brain barrier, which makes them unfit to be converted into drugs fit for clinical use. Intravenous or intraperitoneal injection routes can be used but, oral administration would be the best option for therapeutic use. With this goal in mind, we are met with the task of having the dru ...
5.5 Illicit drug use—current and future issues
5.5 Illicit drug use—current and future issues

... I llicit drug use— current and future issues This article focuses on illicit drug use, which is a risk factor for ill health and death in Australia (see Box 5.2 for definitions). Illicit drug use is associated with conditions such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis C, low birthweight, malnutrition, infective e ...
COURSE TITLE - Metropolitan Community College
COURSE TITLE - Metropolitan Community College

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Specific Drug - Auburn School District
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... pain, mental disease, diabetes, cancer, or common infections. These drugs are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and are shown to have medical benefits when prescribed and taken exactly as directed by a health provider. For people who are suffering, these drugs allow them to control ...
Illegal Drugs - Northern Highlands
Illegal Drugs - Northern Highlands

... People who use illegal drugs are guilty of a crime called ILLICIT DRUG USE: This is the use or sale of any substances that are illegal or otherwise not permitted. ■ Illicit drug use includes the selling of prescription medicines on the street. ■ Even some drugs that are legal for adults, such as alc ...
pps
pps

... Typical diseases The search for pharmaceutical drugs used to be rather straight forward until recent times: A wealth of information about the disease, its causes, and the clinical symptoms were readily available. Thus the starting point for the pharmacological therapy was known. Example: inhibition ...
Drug Abuse
Drug Abuse

... People who use illegal drugs are guilty of a crime called ILLICIT DRUG USE: This is the use or sale of any substances that are illegal or otherwise not permitted.  Illicit drug use includes the selling of prescription medicines on the street.  Even some drugs that are legal for adults, such as alc ...
REGULATION ON REGISTRATION OF DRUGS
REGULATION ON REGISTRATION OF DRUGS

... 3.1-All forms of both domestic or foreign enterprises(shortly called as organizations) which are legal persons with the function of manufacturing of drugs. Satisfying all conditions and standards required by the MoH. May applying for producing drugs. 3.2-Disease examination and treatment establishme ...
1896grading1848 - DB
1896grading1848 - DB

... 9. The above exercises considered “drug discovery” with randomized clinical trials. What additional issues have to be considered when we are using observational data to explore and try to confirm risk factors for particular diseases? The major difference between randomized and observational studies ...
1699grading1665 - DB
1699grading1665 - DB

... provided the best PPV while simultaneously requiring fewer patients per RCT. In addition this strategy allowed testing of 3500 ideas, versus 1023. 6/10 −2 not mentioning type I error, −2 not mentioning power ...
Modern Methods in Drug Discovery
Modern Methods in Drug Discovery

... The search for pharmaceutical drugs used to be rather straight forward until recent times: A wealth of information about the disease, its causes, and the clinical symptoms were readily available. Thus the starting point for the pharmacological therapy was known. Example: inhibition of an enzyme Thus ...
Drug, substance that affects the function of living cells
Drug, substance that affects the function of living cells

... exclusive right to make and sell a drug, then the drug is available under one brand name only. After the patent expires, typically after 17 years in the United States, other companies can also manufacture the drug and market it under the generic name, or give it a new brand name. Another way to cate ...
Prescription practice in patients of upper respiratory tract infection at
Prescription practice in patients of upper respiratory tract infection at

... the NLEM-2011 (38%). Prescribing from the NLEM across India has been reported by Dimri et. al. and Shankar et. al. as 45% & 68%, respectively.13,14 The prescribing from NLEM in the later study was higher which was carried out at a public hospital setting. The prescribing from the NLEM should be prom ...
Therapeutic Categories
Therapeutic Categories

... The search for pharmaceutical drugs used to be rather straight forward until recent times: A wealth of information about the disease, its causes, and the clinical symptoms were readily available. Thus the starting point for the pharmacological therapy was known. Example: inhibition of an enzyme Thus ...
Converting oral to intravenous or subcutaneous infusions
Converting oral to intravenous or subcutaneous infusions

... Seventy eight percent of symptoms were controlled with a combination of one or more of the following: ...
rajiv gandhi university of health sciences, karnataka
rajiv gandhi university of health sciences, karnataka

... Microsponges are designed to deliver a pharmaceutically active ingredient efficiently at minimum dose and also to enhance stability, reduce side effects, and modify drug release profiles. Microsponge technology offers entrapment of ingredients and is believed to contribute towards, increased eleganc ...
2013 Drug Trends Presented by
2013 Drug Trends Presented by

... amine, and also the name of a class of chemicals with many members well known for psychoactive drug and stimulant effects. In addition to its presence in mammals, Phenethylamine is found in many other organisms and foods, such as chocolate, especially after microbial fermentation. It is sold as a di ...
US Marshals Seize Supplies of GSK Paxil CR, Avandamet
US Marshals Seize Supplies of GSK Paxil CR, Avandamet

... treatable disease, pill burden and convenience have been a major challenge. Many HIV treatments require several pills to be taken several times per day, often resulting in missed doses. Says Norbert W. Bischofberger, PhD, executive vice-president of research and development at Gilead Sciences,“To co ...
Plasma Concentration - University of Nebraska Medical Center
Plasma Concentration - University of Nebraska Medical Center

... •Drugs which are lipid soluble can cross the blood brain barrier and the placenta by passive diffusion. The more lipid soluble the drug the faster it diffuses into the brain and the faster it crosses the placenta •The more aqueous soluble drugs can only enter the brain or the fetus by active transpo ...
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Orphan drug

An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease.In the US and EU it is easier to gain marketing approval for an orphan drug, and there may be other financial incentives, such as extended exclusivity periods, all intended to encourage the development of drugs which might otherwise lack a sufficient profit motive. The assignment of orphan status to a disease and to any drugs developed to treat it is a matter of public policy in many countries, and has resulted in medical breakthroughs that may not have otherwise been achieved due to the economics of drug research and development.According to Thomson Reuters in their 2012 publication ""The Economic Power of Orphan Drugs"", there has been increased investing in orphan drug Research and Development partly due to the U. S. Orphan Drug Act (ODA) 1983 and similar Acts in other regions of the world and also driven by ""high-profile philanthropic funding."" The period between 2001 to 2011 was the ""most productive period in the history of orphan drug development, in terms of average annual orphan drug designations and orphan drug approvals."" For the same decade the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the orphan drugs was an ""impressive 25.8 percent, compared to only 20.1 percent for a matched control group of non-orphan drugs."" By 2012 the market for orphan drugs was worth USD$637 million compared to the USD$638 million matched control group of non-orphan drugs, Thomson Reuters.By 2012, ""the revenue-generating potential of orphan drugs [was] as great as for non-orphan drugs, even though patient populations for rare diseases are significantly smaller. Moreover, we suggest that orphan drugs have greater profitability when considered in the full context of developmental drivers including government financial incentives, smaller clinical trial sizes, shorter clinical trial times and higher rates of regulatory success.""
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