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... prescribing. ADR increase with age and the number of prescribed drugs. Even in the Emergency Department, many are not identified 16,17 and feedback to the prescriber(s) may be ineffectual. Complex medication regimes make it more difficult to prevent acute ADR, assess potential drug interactions, and ...
Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Drugs for Neurodegenerative Diseases

... • In the brain levodopa is taken up by dopaminergic terminals in the striatum and is converted to dopamine by levoaromatic amino acid decarboxylase (LAAD) (dopamine as such cannot be used since it does not enter the brain). • Levodopa itself is largely inert. Its effects depend on the increased synt ...
汤慧芳_抗疟药
汤慧芳_抗疟药

... •In the past, the drug treated schistosomiasis was PAT(酒石酸锑钾, potassium antimony tartrate), its course of treat-ment was longer, the toxicity larger, need iv administration, and the ADRs were severe. • Since 1970’, praziquantel(吡喹酮) had be discovered, because its ADRs is less, praziquantel became th ...
controlled drugs
controlled drugs

... Many injec table medic ines, altho ugh suppl ied as licen sed produ cts, have to be recon stituted or dilut ed befor e admin istration to the patie nt and thus becom e prepa red medic ines. When this dilut ion is carri ed out by a medic al pract itioner, they are respo nsible for seein g that the pr ...
Pharmacokinetic (PK) study design for establishing bioequivalence
Pharmacokinetic (PK) study design for establishing bioequivalence

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The Characteristics and Application of New Antipsychotic Drugs
The Characteristics and Application of New Antipsychotic Drugs

... Since serotonin neurons have an inhibitory action on dopamine neurons via the 5-HT2A receptors, it can be considered that the inhibition of 5-HT2A receptors disinhibits the dopamine neurons, thus modulating the too potent dopamine D2 receptor blocking (Fig. 13)). This effect is extremely important, ...
Homework 1 - Emerson Statistics Home
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... 2. To have a high statistical power Pwr= 1- (so  is the type II error) when some alternative hypothesis is true, and 3. To have a high positive predictive value PPV = (number of approved effective drugs) / (number of approved drugs). We can examine the interrelationships of these statistical desig ...
New Twists and Turns in Designer Drug Abuse
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Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs
Anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs

... slope for drug A is typical of many of the older sedativehypnotics. With such drugs, an increarse in dose above that needed for hypnosis may lead to a state of general anesthesia. At still high doses, sedative-hypnotics may depress respiratory and vasomotor centres in the medulla, leading to coma an ...
KOREA PHARM 2015 hostED BUYER Program
KOREA PHARM 2015 hostED BUYER Program

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Pharmacotherapy - Geriatrics Care Online
Pharmacotherapy - Geriatrics Care Online

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Prescription Drug Abuse - Henry Ford Health System
Prescription Drug Abuse - Henry Ford Health System

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Partial Seizures - My Illinois State
Partial Seizures - My Illinois State

... function of the few neurons that are left to produce their own.  Levodopa and carbidopa o Directly replace dopamine o Levodopa can pass through blood-brain barrier to get to site of action in the brain; dopamine cannot o Carbidopa does not cross blood-brain barrier; prevents levodopa breakdown in p ...
Nanocochleate - a new approach in lipid drug delivery
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... Oral  delivery  is  the  most  suitable  way  of  administering  drugs  for  most  non‐hospitalized,  non‐acute  care  patients.  Drug  delivery  systems  that  allow  oral  delivery  improve  patient  compliance  and  facilitate  treatment  outside  the  hospital,  which  has  a  significant  impac ...
Ototoxic Medications
Ototoxic Medications

... Drugs that can cause hearing loss Salicylates • aspirin and aspirincontaining products • salicylates and methylsalicylates (linaments) (Toxic effects appear to be dose related and are almost always reversible once medications are discontinued.) Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) (Most N ...
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... CYP450 Array The world's first pharmacogenomic microarray designed for clinical applications that provides comprehensive coverage of gene variations – including deletions and duplications – for the 2D6 and 2C19 genes, which play a role in the metabolism of about 25% of all prescription drugs. It is ...
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... If two drugs have identical total systemic clearances, a drug which is highly tissue bound will usually have a longer halflife than a drug which is highly bound to plasma proteins. 11. TRUE OR FALSE? Drugs which are highly tissue bound tend to have large volumes of distribution. 12. TRUE OR FALSE? T ...
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Takeda Takes Global Hematide Rights in $535m Affymax Deal

... commercialization. In August 2001, a collaboration of several venture firms created Affymax as an independent company—a spin-out from GlaxoSmithKline. The company has leveraged its exceptional foundation to become a powerful developer of peptide drugs. ...
Bromazepam equivalency
Bromazepam equivalency

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Hallucinogens (cont.)

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chronopharmacology - International Research Journal of Pharmacy
chronopharmacology - International Research Journal of Pharmacy

... Need for Chronopharmacotherapy It is required to monitor therapy so as to limit the duration of therapy especially in cases where patients are already having compromised renal, cardiac and hepatic or any other function of the body. Any type of accumulation of drugs in these organs causes greater tox ...
Valerian Tincture
Valerian Tincture

... extracts (traditional method). Several of valerian’s components have antagonistic effects, making its action more balanced. Some of its active principles are sedative in the treatment of insomnia, while others have a stimulating effect on fatigue. Essentially a sedative, all of valerian’s related ac ...
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Orphan drug

An orphan drug is a pharmaceutical agent that has been developed specifically to treat a rare medical condition, the condition itself being referred to as an orphan disease.In the US and EU it is easier to gain marketing approval for an orphan drug, and there may be other financial incentives, such as extended exclusivity periods, all intended to encourage the development of drugs which might otherwise lack a sufficient profit motive. The assignment of orphan status to a disease and to any drugs developed to treat it is a matter of public policy in many countries, and has resulted in medical breakthroughs that may not have otherwise been achieved due to the economics of drug research and development.According to Thomson Reuters in their 2012 publication ""The Economic Power of Orphan Drugs"", there has been increased investing in orphan drug Research and Development partly due to the U. S. Orphan Drug Act (ODA) 1983 and similar Acts in other regions of the world and also driven by ""high-profile philanthropic funding."" The period between 2001 to 2011 was the ""most productive period in the history of orphan drug development, in terms of average annual orphan drug designations and orphan drug approvals."" For the same decade the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of the orphan drugs was an ""impressive 25.8 percent, compared to only 20.1 percent for a matched control group of non-orphan drugs."" By 2012 the market for orphan drugs was worth USD$637 million compared to the USD$638 million matched control group of non-orphan drugs, Thomson Reuters.By 2012, ""the revenue-generating potential of orphan drugs [was] as great as for non-orphan drugs, even though patient populations for rare diseases are significantly smaller. Moreover, we suggest that orphan drugs have greater profitability when considered in the full context of developmental drivers including government financial incentives, smaller clinical trial sizes, shorter clinical trial times and higher rates of regulatory success.""
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