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... weak acid NH^ . Thus, a daily excretion of 30 g urea in man is equivalent to the disposal of l mole HCO^. Ammonium ions, however, can also be detoxified by glutamine formation, a process occurring in the liver äs well äs in other organs, and ammoniurn can be excreted into urine äs such after renal h ...
Exam 2 Answer Key Spring 1996 Mcbio 316 - page 1
Exam 2 Answer Key Spring 1996 Mcbio 316 - page 1

... As described above FO-1 and FO-3 complement each other, so every cell coinfected with both phage will be lysed. In contrast, the results indcate that FO-1 and FO-2 cannot complement each other, so the rare plaques observed are probably due to recombination between the two phage to produce wild-type ...
Lecture_11
Lecture_11

... If insulin is absent or not functioning, glucose cannot enter cells. All energy must be derived from fats, leading to the production of acetyl CoA. Acetyl CoA builds up because oxaloacetate, which can be generated from glucose, is not available to replenish the citric acid cycle. Moreover, fatty aci ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) protein family, which has members present in all kingdoms of life. All SMC proteins appear to regulate chromosome morphology in some way or another. They have been implicated in chromosome condensation, recombination, repair and gene dosage compensation, a ...
Dietary protein for athletes - Inside Outside Wellness Center
Dietary protein for athletes - Inside Outside Wellness Center

... of opinion exists than between those who establish recommendations and the athletes themselves, particularly strength- and (or) power-training athletes. The published standards for dietary guidelines — the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), assert that although protein is an essential nutrient, it is ...
Cells: building blocks of living organisms
Cells: building blocks of living organisms

... The convention is to enumerate the string from its 5’ end; this correspond to the order into which information is process for certain key steps, to be described later. The features that are occurring before the 5’ are said to be upstream while those occurring after the 3’ end are downstream, upstrea ...
DOCX version of Questions and Answers on Bayer Cropscience
DOCX version of Questions and Answers on Bayer Cropscience

Telomere maintenance without telomerase
Telomere maintenance without telomerase

Functional cooperation between the non-paralogous
Functional cooperation between the non-paralogous

Peptide bond formation by aminolysin
Peptide bond formation by aminolysin

Vernalization Gene Architecture as a Predictor of Growth Habit in
Vernalization Gene Architecture as a Predictor of Growth Habit in

ERROR-PRONE REPAIR DNA POLYMERASES IN PROKARYOTES
ERROR-PRONE REPAIR DNA POLYMERASES IN PROKARYOTES

... Y-family members—it is still too early to tell. Despite this caveat, what is currently known concerning EP Y-family polymerases is worth recounting. This review is devoted primarily to a discussion of those Y-family polymerases that do exhibit error-prone behavior. These polymerases include the four ...
Profile TildeCRF: a new tool for protein homology detection
Profile TildeCRF: a new tool for protein homology detection

... bioinformatics. Profile hidden Markov models have been successful in tackling this problem, but it remains a generative classifier, which is hypothetically less accurate than discriminative models like Conditional Random Fields. Efforts in combining profile HMM with CRF have been suggested in the li ...
Multi-petal cyclamen flowers produced by
Multi-petal cyclamen flowers produced by

... Figure 2 | Phenotypes of 35S:CpAG1-SRDX and 35S:CpAG2-SRDX Arabidopsis. (a) A flower of wild-type Arabidopsis. (b) A flower of 35S:CpAG1SRDX Arabidopsis with petaloid stamens (red arrowhead). (c) A double flower of 35S:CpAG2-SRDX plant. Inside the carpel is shown by dissection. Solid arrow and dashe ...
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Saccharomyces
Engineering Cytosolic Acetyl-CoA Metabolism in Saccharomyces

... A Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain carrying deletions in all three pyruvate decarboxylase genes (also called Pdc negative yeast) represents a non-ethanol producing platform strain for biochemical production. However, it cannot grow on glucose as the sole carbon source due to the lack of cytosolic ace ...
- World Journal of Gastroenterology
- World Journal of Gastroenterology

... of an alpha-amino group from an amino acid to an alphaketo acid. They share certain mechanistic features with other pyridoxal-phosphate-dependent enzymes. With respect to the domain features, aminotransferases are grouped into different classes, including class Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ. ALT and AST belong t ...
Taxonomic characterization of Ochrobactrum sp. isolates from soil
Taxonomic characterization of Ochrobactrum sp. isolates from soil

... from isolate 1a, SCII24T, OgA9aT, OiC8a, OiC8-6, LMG 5140, CLM14 and CLM18 was amplified by PCR using primers rD1 and fD1 (Weisburg et al., 1991). Amplificates of isolate 1a, SCII24T, OgA9aT, OiC8a and OiC8-6 were purified by low-melting agarose gel electrophoresis and sequenced following the dideox ...
SUC1 and SUC2: two sucrose transporters from Arabidopsis
SUC1 and SUC2: two sucrose transporters from Arabidopsis

... The longest open reading frame for SUCt is 1539 bp long encoding a protein of 513 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular weight of 54.9 kDa; the longest open reading frame for SUC2 is 1536 bp long encoding a protein of 512 amino acid residues and a calculated molecular weight of 54.5 kDa. DN ...
The 10.8-AA structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
The 10.8-AA structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae

... bacterial enzyme (e.g., Escherichia coli, Bacillus stearothermophilus). Bacterial phosphofructokinases are homotetramers with a total molecular weight of 140 kDa (Blangy, 1968) and their activity is mainly regulated by only two effectors, an activator (adenosine diphosphate; ADP) and an inhibitor (ph ...
Criterion for a Correct Response - Delaware Department of Education
Criterion for a Correct Response - Delaware Department of Education

... © Delaware Department of Education ...
“The only UNG useful in RT-PCR”
“The only UNG useful in RT-PCR”

... use contamination control also in RT-PCR, being able to remove more than 108 copies of contaminating DNA without affecting the sensitivity (Cq) of the assay. Applying Cod UNG in a RT-PCR is done by a 5 min Cod UNG preincubation step at room temperature prior to the amplification reaction. ...
all plant protein - frequently asked questions
all plant protein - frequently asked questions

... Some athletes prefer to supplement their diet with whey protein because it is more rapidly emptied from the stomach resulting in a faster rise in plasma amino acids and protein synthesis. This characteristic makes whey protein especially desirable immediately before or following exercise. However, t ...
Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis and Virulence of
Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis and Virulence of

... be detrimental depending on the behavior of other catabolic and biosynthesis enzymes of this metabolism. In animals and plants, when proline oxidase activation is not accompanied by P5C dehydrogenase activation, intracellular levels of the toxic intermediate P5C or GSA (thought to be more chemically ...
Convergent Evolution in the Genetic Basis of Müllerian Mimicry in
Convergent Evolution in the Genetic Basis of Müllerian Mimicry in

... (10:0.1, pH 8.0). AFLP templates were prepared for 35 H. melpomene brood 44 progeny, F1 parents, and grandparents using half reactions of AFLP analysis system II (Invitrogen Life Technologies) according to manufacturer’s instructions, with EcoRI and MseI restriction enzymes. AFLP PCR reactions were ...
Genetic Analysis of HNF4A Polymorphisms in Caucasian
Genetic Analysis of HNF4A Polymorphisms in Caucasian

... investigated whether nearby functional or coding SNPs were contributing to the observed haplotype associations. We sequenced the P2 promoter and alternate exon 1d (⬃774 bp) in all Caucasian type 2 diabetic case subjects having either the TCCTAC (11 heterozygotes and 2 homozygotes) or CGGCGT (14 hete ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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