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Biological ontologies for human functional annotation and
Biological ontologies for human functional annotation and

... Controversial: Referents in biological texts: Collectives (pluralities) or count objects? “Emerin is phosphorylated on serine 49 by protein kinase A” ...
oto`s role in head and trunk development
oto`s role in head and trunk development

... forebrain and midbrain. It is not clear though, how the AVE functions to regulate forebrain development. Study of zebrafish embryos indicates that differential competence of the epiblast determines whether anterior or posterior neurectoderm is produced in response to neural inducers (Koshida et al., ...
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1): Phenotype-genotype
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1): Phenotype-genotype

... 35 ± 38 triplets are interrupted by the sequence CAT CAG CAT. In alleles with 39 ± 41 triplets the interruption is missing in six of seven cases. DNA sequences are summarised in Table 1. Alleles with 35 ± 38 triplets are present in patients with ataxia but without additional characteristic features ...
Here - Orrery Software
Here - Orrery Software

... The Gallery of Tinker Bugs tab (TinkerBug Wizard) --------------------------------------------------------- 168 The Palmiter Genes tab (TinkerBug Wizard) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 169 The Regulatory Genes tab (TinkerBug Wizard) ------------------------------- ...
Mar22_24
Mar22_24

... Are any assumptions unnecessary? 1. Random mating also produces the same results. Just slightly more complex to show than the random union case. 2. The requirement of distinct generations is not necessary. However, this assumption makes the algebra easier. 3. If there is a different distribution of ...
Specificity of Insertion by the Translocatable Tetracycline Resistance Element Tn10.
Specificity of Insertion by the Translocatable Tetracycline Resistance Element Tn10.

... tions were isolated in the hisB gene, a region of about 1900 basepairs (BRENNER and AMES1971 ) . Insertions within each gene were then mapped against one another by pairwise crosses using P22-mediated generalized transduction. For insertions in most genes, all possible combinations of pairwise cross ...
Tansley Review No. 103 Biological clocks in
Tansley Review No. 103 Biological clocks in

... Biological rhythms are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and the best understood of these occur with a period of approximately a day – circadian rhythms. Such rhythms persist even when the organism is placed under constant conditions, with a period that is close, but not exactly equal, to 24 h, and are driv ...
Sucrose breakdown in the potato tuber - publish.UP
Sucrose breakdown in the potato tuber - publish.UP

... First and foremost I would like to thank Prof. Lothar Willmitzer and Dr. Alisdair Fernie for giving me the opportunity to do this PhD project in their group and for all their help, patience and interesting discussions throughout the course of my work. ...
Conformational changes in actin–myosin isoforms probed by Ni(II
Conformational changes in actin–myosin isoforms probed by Ni(II

... Crucial information concerning conformational changes that occur during the mechanochemical cycle of actin– myosin complexes is lacking due to the difficulties encountered in obtaining their three-dimensional structures. To obtain such information, we employed a solution-based approach through the re ...
hhmi resource for new ap bio curriculum
hhmi resource for new ap bio curriculum

... myself and my students abreast of cutting edge research. Therefore, as a veteran Biology teacher, I am constantly looking for resources that include up-to-date research, prompt students to process material, help reinforce textbook material, and stimulate discussions and explorations of current biolo ...
Mapping Polygenes - University of Warwick
Mapping Polygenes - University of Warwick

... The discovery that the allelic forms of enzymes (often referred to as allozymes or isozymes) can be separated on electrophoretic gels and detected with histochemical activity stains heralded the era of molecular markers in genetics research (26, 5 1 ) . No longer was it necessary for a gene to cause ...
Amino Acid Disorders - NewbornScreening.info
Amino Acid Disorders - NewbornScreening.info

... caused by enzymes that do not work properly. Protein is made up of smaller building blocks called amino acids. A number of different enzymes are needed to process these amino acids for use by the body. Because of missing or non-working enzymes, people with amino acid disorders cannot process certain ...
Supplementary materials - Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
Supplementary materials - Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

... Importantly, the candidate genetic regulators for Geronemo consist of both continuousvalued e-regulators and discrete-valued g-regulators. The continuous-valued candidate regulators have more possible split values than the discrete-valued ones; therefore it is possible that e-regulators can be captu ...
Document
Document

A computational approach to map nucleosome positions and
A computational approach to map nucleosome positions and

Evolution of symbiosis in the Vibrionaceae: a combined approach
Evolution of symbiosis in the Vibrionaceae: a combined approach

... operon, although its biological role in bacterial cells remains unknown (Czyż et al., 2000). Many of these luminescent species form symbiotic relationships, both pathogenic and cooperative, with marine organisms. They are found increasingly to be the cause of diseases in many secondary hosts, which ...
A caudal mRNA gradient controls posterior development in the wasp
A caudal mRNA gradient controls posterior development in the wasp

... patterning by activating transcription of the gap genes hunchback (hb) and Krüppel (Kr). This role in gap gene activation is played by bcd and maternal hb in Drosophila. It has thus been proposed that, in ancestral insects, cad sits at the top of the segmentation cascade and regulates gap gene expre ...
The splanchnic mesodermal plate directs spleen and
The splanchnic mesodermal plate directs spleen and

... Nonaka et al., 2002). Several genes have been identified which are necessary for establishing LR asymmetries many of which show remarkable side-specific expression patterns in the LPM. However, one question that has received little attention is how this information is ultimately conveyed to the orga ...
Viva Voce : Orals in Biochemistry
Viva Voce : Orals in Biochemistry

... H3C – (CH2)14– COOH (C16 fatty acid) (ii) Stearic acid H3C – (CH2)16– COOH (C18 fatty acid) ...
20 Insulin Secretion and Action
20 Insulin Secretion and Action

... (PI3K, p38MAPK, PKA, calmodulin kinase). It is notable that transcriptional regulation results not only from specific combinations of these activators through DNAprotein and protein-protein interactions, but also from their relative nuclear concentrations, generating cooperativity and transcriptiona ...
The splanchnic mesodermal plate directs spleen and
The splanchnic mesodermal plate directs spleen and

... Targeted mutations in capsulin/Pod1 (Lu et al., 2000) and Wt1 (Herzer et al., 1999) show that both genes are required in spleen formation. The expression patterns of Wt1 and capsulin overlap with those of Hox11 and Nkx2.5 in the dorsal region of the mesenchyme (Fig. 1F,G), indicating that this regio ...
Neurospora Spore Killers Sk-2 and Sk
Neurospora Spore Killers Sk-2 and Sk

... properly paired with its homolog during prophase I, the MSUD mechanism creates a sequence-specific signal, which transiently silences all copies of that gene during meiosis and the subsequent mitosis (Shiu et al. 2001). For example, if an ectopic copy of the b-tubulin gene is inserted into one matin ...
Epigenetic Interactions among Three dTph1
Epigenetic Interactions among Three dTph1

... (A) The structure and pedigree of an3 alleles isolated in the W138 genetic background. (B) The structure of an3 alleles isolated in various other genetic backgrounds. Black boxes represent exon sequences. Positions of transposons are indicated by triangles; the arrows indicate their direction. The f ...
Genetic aspects in sarcoidosis REVIEW M. Luisetti*, A. Beretta*, L. Casali*
Genetic aspects in sarcoidosis REVIEW M. Luisetti*, A. Beretta*, L. Casali*

... ABSTRACT: Sarcoidosis is an immune-mediated, multiorgan, granulomatous disorder thought to be triggered by an intricate combination of environmental and genetic factors. Two robust lines of evidence support the hypothesis of a genetic component in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis: racial variation in ...
Epigenetic Interactions among Three dTph1 Transposons in Two
Epigenetic Interactions among Three dTph1 Transposons in Two

... (A) The structure and pedigree of an3 alleles isolated in the W138 genetic background. (B) The structure of an3 alleles isolated in various other genetic backgrounds. Black boxes represent exon sequences. Positions of transposons are indicated by triangles; the arrows indicate their direction. The f ...
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Artificial gene synthesis

Artificial gene synthesis is a method in synthetic biology that is used to create artificial genes in the laboratory. Currently based on solid-phase DNA synthesis, it differs from molecular cloning and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in that the user does not have to begin with preexisting DNA sequences. Therefore, it is possible to make a completely synthetic double-stranded DNA molecule with no apparent limits on either nucleotide sequence or size. The method has been used to generate functional bacterial or yeast chromosomes containing approximately one million base pairs. Recent research also suggests the possibility of creating novel nucleobase pairs in addition to the two base pairs in nature, which could greatly expand the possibility of expanding the genetic code.Synthesis of the first complete gene, a yeast tRNA, was demonstrated by Har Gobind Khorana and coworkers in 1972. Synthesis of the first peptide- and protein-coding genes was performed in the laboratories of Herbert Boyer and Alexander Markham, respectively.Commercial gene synthesis services are now available from numerous companies worldwide, some of which have built their business model around this task. Current gene synthesis approaches are most often based on a combination of organic chemistry and molecular biological techniques and entire genes may be synthesized ""de novo"", without the need for precursor template DNA. Gene synthesis has become an important tool in many fields of recombinant DNA technology including heterologous gene expression, vaccine development, gene therapy and molecular engineering. The synthesis of nucleic acid sequences is often more economical than classical cloning and mutagenesis procedures.
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