Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... and resistance to diet-induced obesity due to an increased locomotor activity and subsequent increased energy expenditure, since no changes in either AgRP or POMC mRNA expression were observed and food intake did not differ from control mice [130]. These experiments are in line with previous results ...
... and resistance to diet-induced obesity due to an increased locomotor activity and subsequent increased energy expenditure, since no changes in either AgRP or POMC mRNA expression were observed and food intake did not differ from control mice [130]. These experiments are in line with previous results ...
Time course of post-traumatic mitochondrial oxidative damage and
... and apoptotic processes in mammalian cells. Disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Dcm) is considered to be an indicator of mitochondria damage and generally is defined as an early stage of apoptosis, preceding the efflux of macromolecules from the mitochondria (including cytochrome c, apop ...
... and apoptotic processes in mammalian cells. Disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (Dcm) is considered to be an indicator of mitochondria damage and generally is defined as an early stage of apoptosis, preceding the efflux of macromolecules from the mitochondria (including cytochrome c, apop ...
PDF
... the NAc in humans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers adequate spatial and temporal resolution to allow the identification of neural correlates of higher brain functions (Horwits et al., 2000). A prototypical cued response task called monetary incentive delay (MID) task was developed ...
... the NAc in humans. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers adequate spatial and temporal resolution to allow the identification of neural correlates of higher brain functions (Horwits et al., 2000). A prototypical cued response task called monetary incentive delay (MID) task was developed ...
REVIEW Reticular formation and spinal cord injury
... simple contraction of a single muscle works in the following highly coordinative way. 1. Contraction needs a complex mechanism of sensory inputs to trigger it. 2. The contraction itself involves a series of complex physiological processes. 3. The antagonist muscle must relax. 4. The arterial supply ...
... simple contraction of a single muscle works in the following highly coordinative way. 1. Contraction needs a complex mechanism of sensory inputs to trigger it. 2. The contraction itself involves a series of complex physiological processes. 3. The antagonist muscle must relax. 4. The arterial supply ...
The Neurochemistry of GALP: Where Form Meets
... Since GALP expression is the same in both males and females, these findings lead us to believe that the target sites for GALP neurons are sexually dimorphic. ...
... Since GALP expression is the same in both males and females, these findings lead us to believe that the target sites for GALP neurons are sexually dimorphic. ...
Document
... What are the input/output characteristics of CA3 pyramidal neurons? The lab is interested in how the morphology and distribution of ion channels in these cells interact to process, encode, and retrieve synaptically-based information. Understanding how these cells integrate synaptic information is im ...
... What are the input/output characteristics of CA3 pyramidal neurons? The lab is interested in how the morphology and distribution of ion channels in these cells interact to process, encode, and retrieve synaptically-based information. Understanding how these cells integrate synaptic information is im ...
Primate Red Nucleus Discharge Encodes the Dynamics of Limb
... greater percentage of discharge than either position or acceleration (Ashe and Georgopoulos 1994; Gibson et al. 1985b). Gibson and colleagues speculated that an integrator, located in the spinal cord, might transform the brief bursts of neuronal activity into tonically maintained muscle commands. Ho ...
... greater percentage of discharge than either position or acceleration (Ashe and Georgopoulos 1994; Gibson et al. 1985b). Gibson and colleagues speculated that an integrator, located in the spinal cord, might transform the brief bursts of neuronal activity into tonically maintained muscle commands. Ho ...
Brainstem: neural networks vital for life
... provide continuous unfailing, second-by-second modulation of respiration, heart rate and blood pressure. If the brainstem fails, the player will fall to the ground, unconscious. Surely the way in which this rapid response to different bodily needs is achieved is also a fascinating subject for study. ...
... provide continuous unfailing, second-by-second modulation of respiration, heart rate and blood pressure. If the brainstem fails, the player will fall to the ground, unconscious. Surely the way in which this rapid response to different bodily needs is achieved is also a fascinating subject for study. ...
Elastic instabilities in a layered cerebral cortex: A revised axonal
... is surgically ablated prior to folds developing, folds eventually do develop [5]. This observation is typically invoked to demonstrate that the intracortical buckling drives folding and not axonal tension from the underlying white matter, though the effect of growth of cells outside the cortex, i.e. ...
... is surgically ablated prior to folds developing, folds eventually do develop [5]. This observation is typically invoked to demonstrate that the intracortical buckling drives folding and not axonal tension from the underlying white matter, though the effect of growth of cells outside the cortex, i.e. ...
A double-dissociation of English past
... remained outside the scope of these models, its proponents argued that clinical double-dissociations could be low-probability stochastic (i.e. non-systematic) phenomena and as such can be simulated in homogeneous networks (Gonnerman et al., 1997; Juola and Plunkett, 1998). A number of investigators ...
... remained outside the scope of these models, its proponents argued that clinical double-dissociations could be low-probability stochastic (i.e. non-systematic) phenomena and as such can be simulated in homogeneous networks (Gonnerman et al., 1997; Juola and Plunkett, 1998). A number of investigators ...
Presentation - Neuropathology
... ▪Most common cause of dementia, characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) Incidence and Prevalence ▪Incidence increases with age: between 70 and 80 years—1 to 2 cases per 100 individuals per year; >80 years—2 to 8 cases per 100 individuals per y ...
... ▪Most common cause of dementia, characterized pathologically by the presence of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) Incidence and Prevalence ▪Incidence increases with age: between 70 and 80 years—1 to 2 cases per 100 individuals per year; >80 years—2 to 8 cases per 100 individuals per y ...
Massively Parallel Recording of Unit and Local Field
... Micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS)-based devices are particularly useful for simultaneous recording local field and unit activity from large numbers of sites with minimal damage to the nervous tissue. MEMS devices can combine silicon integrated-circuit processing with thin-film microelectrode se ...
... Micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS)-based devices are particularly useful for simultaneous recording local field and unit activity from large numbers of sites with minimal damage to the nervous tissue. MEMS devices can combine silicon integrated-circuit processing with thin-film microelectrode se ...
Limitations in anti-obesity drug development: the critical role of
... nervous system to promote fat release from white adipose tissue and trigger gluconeogenesis in the liver. These changes in peripheral nutrient levels lead to a decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones, insulin and leptin, and to an increase in the level of ghrelin and corticosteroids, which increa ...
... nervous system to promote fat release from white adipose tissue and trigger gluconeogenesis in the liver. These changes in peripheral nutrient levels lead to a decrease in the levels of thyroid hormones, insulin and leptin, and to an increase in the level of ghrelin and corticosteroids, which increa ...
cur op e-print version
... In his nihilistic novel, “The End of the Road,” John Barth introduces a protagonist who falls prisoner to his own indecision. To Jacob Horner, the predicted consequences of all actions have become equivalent. Thus, he sits, immobile, on a railroad station bench. Frozen there throughout an entire nig ...
... In his nihilistic novel, “The End of the Road,” John Barth introduces a protagonist who falls prisoner to his own indecision. To Jacob Horner, the predicted consequences of all actions have become equivalent. Thus, he sits, immobile, on a railroad station bench. Frozen there throughout an entire nig ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... rounded nerve cells with numerous (4–7) dendritic trunks and the triangular neurons. Less frequently there are the fusiform neurons, with diametrically arising dendrites (4%), and sporadically there are observed the pear shaped nerve cells with characteristic features of interneurons (1% of total nu ...
... rounded nerve cells with numerous (4–7) dendritic trunks and the triangular neurons. Less frequently there are the fusiform neurons, with diametrically arising dendrites (4%), and sporadically there are observed the pear shaped nerve cells with characteristic features of interneurons (1% of total nu ...
Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in
... The brain regions required for judging heading direction and actively steering towards a goal could be damaged by stroke. Identifying the neural correlates responsible for goal-directed locomotion is important for the understanding of the mechanism underlying neuroplasticity and functional recovery. ...
... The brain regions required for judging heading direction and actively steering towards a goal could be damaged by stroke. Identifying the neural correlates responsible for goal-directed locomotion is important for the understanding of the mechanism underlying neuroplasticity and functional recovery. ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... cepts have been developed, such as the reafference principle1 about how we move about and control and correct our own movements. Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as ...
... cepts have been developed, such as the reafference principle1 about how we move about and control and correct our own movements. Recent studies on vestibular nuclei neurons during passive and active head movements showed that vestibular signals were strongly influenced by self-generated movements as ...
pdf - Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center
... processing resources to events that are relevant to the organism’s goals. Dysfunction in the neural substrate supporting goal-directed processing may precipitate symptoms such as apathy that are observed in various psychiatric and neurological illnesses, including schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disea ...
... processing resources to events that are relevant to the organism’s goals. Dysfunction in the neural substrate supporting goal-directed processing may precipitate symptoms such as apathy that are observed in various psychiatric and neurological illnesses, including schizophrenia and Alzheimer’s disea ...
Inflammation-Induced Gene Expression in Brain and Adrenal Gland Linda Engström
... process that Walter B. Cannon later termed “homeostasis”. The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining the steady-state. Thus, when we are hungry, thirsty, too cold or too warm, central autonomic circuits are activated and initiate appropriate behavioral and physiological respons ...
... process that Walter B. Cannon later termed “homeostasis”. The autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in maintaining the steady-state. Thus, when we are hungry, thirsty, too cold or too warm, central autonomic circuits are activated and initiate appropriate behavioral and physiological respons ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
the brain`s concepts: the role of the sensory
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
... among others. In Fodor’s theory (see Fodor, 1975), the purported amodal nature of concepts draws a sharp dividing line between the modular input/ output brain structures and a generalised cognitive system (unanalysed at the level of the brain), whose functioning rules are totally independent from th ...
Connexin-based channels contribute to metabolic pathways in the
... whether OPCs can obtain energy supply through other pathways such as non-selective energy uptake channels. A typical feature of glial cells is their high expression of connexins, which can form gap junctions and/or hemichannels in different glial cell types. For instance, connexin 43 (Cx43, also kno ...
... whether OPCs can obtain energy supply through other pathways such as non-selective energy uptake channels. A typical feature of glial cells is their high expression of connexins, which can form gap junctions and/or hemichannels in different glial cell types. For instance, connexin 43 (Cx43, also kno ...
Topographic cues of nanoscale height direct neuronal growth pattern
... processes extend from the major process and anchor to the ridge. These minor filopodia-like processes that form focal adhesions with the substratum cannot be seen in light microscopy (Figs. 2 and 3). In our measurements we take into account only the effect of the line-patterns on the growth of major ...
... processes extend from the major process and anchor to the ridge. These minor filopodia-like processes that form focal adhesions with the substratum cannot be seen in light microscopy (Figs. 2 and 3). In our measurements we take into account only the effect of the line-patterns on the growth of major ...
Haemodynamic response
In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function. Haemodynamic response (HR) allows the rapid delivery of blood to active neuronal tissues. Since higher processes in the brain occur almost constantly, cerebral blood flow is essential for the maintenance of neurons, astrocytes, and other cells of the brain.