Evidence for topographically organized endogenous 5‐HT‐1A
... Rather than pharmacological activation of receptors, the current methods rely on blocking endogenous activation using an endpoint that gives topographic and cell-specific information. This approach gives unique insights into endogenous inhibitory neurotransmission, which in some respects can be more ...
... Rather than pharmacological activation of receptors, the current methods rely on blocking endogenous activation using an endpoint that gives topographic and cell-specific information. This approach gives unique insights into endogenous inhibitory neurotransmission, which in some respects can be more ...
Hypothalamus - aHuman Project
... TRPV4 knock-out mice drink significantly more when infused with ADH-analogue dDAVP (i.e. when water retention is increased, which should result in decreased water intake) than wildtype mice. ...
... TRPV4 knock-out mice drink significantly more when infused with ADH-analogue dDAVP (i.e. when water retention is increased, which should result in decreased water intake) than wildtype mice. ...
Nervous Systems
... • Modern brain-imaging techniques suggest that consciousness is an emergent property of the brain based on activity in many areas of the cortex Prefrontal cortex ...
... • Modern brain-imaging techniques suggest that consciousness is an emergent property of the brain based on activity in many areas of the cortex Prefrontal cortex ...
Otx Genes and the Genetic Control of Brain
... embryo, spanning all three germ layers (Simeone et al., 1993; Ang et al., 1994). The neuroectoderm territory expressing Otx2 at late gastrula stage includes the prosencephalon and mesencephalon. Subsequently, Otx2 demarcates the mesencephalic side of the mesencephalic/metencephalic boundary (Simeone ...
... embryo, spanning all three germ layers (Simeone et al., 1993; Ang et al., 1994). The neuroectoderm territory expressing Otx2 at late gastrula stage includes the prosencephalon and mesencephalon. Subsequently, Otx2 demarcates the mesencephalic side of the mesencephalic/metencephalic boundary (Simeone ...
ART 2015 AdvAnced ReTinAl TheRApy
... The modality has therefore rapidly gained acceptance in the clinics. It is now the responsibility of ophthalmologists to extract as much diagnostic features as possible, but at the same time identify the key parameters, which impact disease management in an efficient way. This requires a steep and c ...
... The modality has therefore rapidly gained acceptance in the clinics. It is now the responsibility of ophthalmologists to extract as much diagnostic features as possible, but at the same time identify the key parameters, which impact disease management in an efficient way. This requires a steep and c ...
Neurodegenerative Changes in the Motor Cortex and Cerebellum in Wistar... Following Acute Pneumococcal Meningitis
... vasogenic cerebral edema seen in 30% of cases and cerebral herniation in 6-8% of clinical cases33. Cerebral edema causes increased intracranial pressure that results in impaired tissue perfusion associated with severe complicating neurological sequelae or death. This allows bacterial toxins, cytotox ...
... vasogenic cerebral edema seen in 30% of cases and cerebral herniation in 6-8% of clinical cases33. Cerebral edema causes increased intracranial pressure that results in impaired tissue perfusion associated with severe complicating neurological sequelae or death. This allows bacterial toxins, cytotox ...
Chapter 2 The Neural Bases of Learning and Memory
... controlled by this region. There may also be areas responsible for some aspects of language and other cognitive functions housed here. The midbrain has centers for coordinating vision and hearing with movement as well as orienting actions, like following a moving target, and reflexive movements, lik ...
... controlled by this region. There may also be areas responsible for some aspects of language and other cognitive functions housed here. The midbrain has centers for coordinating vision and hearing with movement as well as orienting actions, like following a moving target, and reflexive movements, lik ...
Two Phylogenetic Specializations in the Human Brain
... error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are known to project into the underlying white matter (Nimch ...
... error-correcting information to other parts of the brain. The spindle cells are located in layer 5, which typically relays the output of cortical processing to other cortical areas and subcortical structures. The axons of the spindle cells are known to project into the underlying white matter (Nimch ...
How Reliably Does a Neuron in the Visual Motion Pathway of fhe Fly
... immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional significance of neuronal noise, the noise has to be related to the stimul ...
... immediate consequences on its sensory input. Therefore, the SIRC is not simply the consequence of an external source but is determined, at least to a large extent, by the animal itself. Hence, in order to assess the functional significance of neuronal noise, the noise has to be related to the stimul ...
Chapter 4 monkey
... Thompson 2008). It therefore appears that this area is an integral part of the circuitries which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a ta ...
... Thompson 2008). It therefore appears that this area is an integral part of the circuitries which mediate both attentional and decision-making processes if the task requires an eye movement response. The roles of area FEF and the principal sulcus (PS) in decision making have been investigated in a ta ...
Asymmetry of the Neuroendocrine System
... adrenal tumors inducing primary aldosteronism are more frequent on the left side. Thyroid diseases, such as solitary nodules or disorders causing diffuse increase in size of the gland, affect mostly the right lobe of the thyroid gland (for references, see Ref. 6). ...
... adrenal tumors inducing primary aldosteronism are more frequent on the left side. Thyroid diseases, such as solitary nodules or disorders causing diffuse increase in size of the gland, affect mostly the right lobe of the thyroid gland (for references, see Ref. 6). ...
Respiratory-related neurons of the fastigial nucleus in response to
... exposure to hypercapnia. Nineteen CRRNs having spontaneous activity during control conditions were characterized as either independent (basic, n 5 14) or dependent (pump, n 5 5) on the ventilator movement. Thirteen recruited CRRNs showed no respiratory-related activity until breathing was stressed. ...
... exposure to hypercapnia. Nineteen CRRNs having spontaneous activity during control conditions were characterized as either independent (basic, n 5 14) or dependent (pump, n 5 5) on the ventilator movement. Thirteen recruited CRRNs showed no respiratory-related activity until breathing was stressed. ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... may press against the cerebral aqueduct, shutting off the flow of fluid from the third to the fourth ventricle. In such an event the fluid accumulates within the lateral and third ventricles because it continues to form even though its drainage is blocked. This condition is known as internal hydroce ...
... may press against the cerebral aqueduct, shutting off the flow of fluid from the third to the fourth ventricle. In such an event the fluid accumulates within the lateral and third ventricles because it continues to form even though its drainage is blocked. This condition is known as internal hydroce ...
Getting to Know You: Reputation and Trust in a Two
... To probe neural substrates of social interactions, we scan the brains of multiple subjects engaged in a social interaction. Social decision-making critically depends on internally represented models of social partners. In principle, such covert knowledge might be inferred from behavioral observation ...
... To probe neural substrates of social interactions, we scan the brains of multiple subjects engaged in a social interaction. Social decision-making critically depends on internally represented models of social partners. In principle, such covert knowledge might be inferred from behavioral observation ...
Polarization-sensitive and light-sensitive neurons in two parallel
... are sensitive to polarized light and might serve a key role in compass navigation. Visual pathways to the central complex include signal processing in the upper and lower units of the anterior optic tubercle. To determine whether these pathways carry polarization-vision signals, we have recorded the ...
... are sensitive to polarized light and might serve a key role in compass navigation. Visual pathways to the central complex include signal processing in the upper and lower units of the anterior optic tubercle. To determine whether these pathways carry polarization-vision signals, we have recorded the ...
Inferring a dual-stream model of mentalizing from associative white
... et al., 2012). This involvement was formally demonstrated by lesion studies showing that RME task performance was specifically impaired by pars opercularis damage but not by medial prefrontal damage (Shamay-Tsoory et al., 2009; Herbet et al., 2013). Although the comic strip task is known to predomin ...
... et al., 2012). This involvement was formally demonstrated by lesion studies showing that RME task performance was specifically impaired by pars opercularis damage but not by medial prefrontal damage (Shamay-Tsoory et al., 2009; Herbet et al., 2013). Although the comic strip task is known to predomin ...
Connectivity of the human pedunculopontine nucleus region and
... which has directional organization, diffusion varies in different directions, and in areas of coherent fiber organization the principal diffusion direction corresponds to the underlying fiber direction.3,4 Therefore, by following estimates of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to re ...
... which has directional organization, diffusion varies in different directions, and in areas of coherent fiber organization the principal diffusion direction corresponds to the underlying fiber direction.3,4 Therefore, by following estimates of the principal direction of diffusion it is possible to re ...
Neuroimaging and ADHD: fMRI, PET, DTI Findings, and
... perspective, this increase in oxygenated blood flow is not linear to the amount of regional activity and therefore does not enable a measurement of quantitative changes in blood flow. Instead, the amount of oxygenated blood delivered to an active area typically exceeds the amount of oxygen that was ...
... perspective, this increase in oxygenated blood flow is not linear to the amount of regional activity and therefore does not enable a measurement of quantitative changes in blood flow. Instead, the amount of oxygenated blood delivered to an active area typically exceeds the amount of oxygen that was ...
Renal blood flow (RBF)
... located among the podocytes. These cells are called mesangial cells. These cells can be stimulated to contract, and when this occurs they decrease the area available for filtration and thus decrease the filtration coefficient and GFR. 4. Clinic diseases: Starvation / Burn → GFR↑,Renal Stones → GFR↓ ...
... located among the podocytes. These cells are called mesangial cells. These cells can be stimulated to contract, and when this occurs they decrease the area available for filtration and thus decrease the filtration coefficient and GFR. 4. Clinic diseases: Starvation / Burn → GFR↑,Renal Stones → GFR↓ ...
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections
... To enable the rabies virus to bind to the Cre-expressing target neurons, a helper virus is injected into the mouse brain. The helper virus will bind to Cre positive cells and transfer their genome so that Cre positive cells exclusively express an avian-specific retroviral receptor (TVA) and G. TVA i ...
... To enable the rabies virus to bind to the Cre-expressing target neurons, a helper virus is injected into the mouse brain. The helper virus will bind to Cre positive cells and transfer their genome so that Cre positive cells exclusively express an avian-specific retroviral receptor (TVA) and G. TVA i ...
Acetylcholine - American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
... It was subsequently noted that cholinergic tegmental projections largely formed connections with noncholinergic neurons within the basal forebrain (37). This finding is critical because it could explain why stimulation of the horizontal diagonal band, preoptic area, and substantia innominata, but no ...
... It was subsequently noted that cholinergic tegmental projections largely formed connections with noncholinergic neurons within the basal forebrain (37). This finding is critical because it could explain why stimulation of the horizontal diagonal band, preoptic area, and substantia innominata, but no ...
Untitled
... mechanisms restrict the spatial extent of extrasynaptic GABAergic effects and it was proposed that concerted action of several presynaptic interneurons or sustained firing of individual cells or increased release site density is required to reach ambient GABA levels sufficient to activate extrasynap ...
... mechanisms restrict the spatial extent of extrasynaptic GABAergic effects and it was proposed that concerted action of several presynaptic interneurons or sustained firing of individual cells or increased release site density is required to reach ambient GABA levels sufficient to activate extrasynap ...
Mediation and the Brain: The Neuropsychology of
... • The self protective system • The caring system • Brain chemistry • Lessons along the way c. Douglas E. Noll 2006 ...
... • The self protective system • The caring system • Brain chemistry • Lessons along the way c. Douglas E. Noll 2006 ...
Reflex Activity/Lab
... Reflexes are rapid, involuntary motor responses to an environmental stimulus detected by sensory receptors. A nerve impulse travels from the receptor through a neural reflex arc pathway to an effector. If the motor response is contraction of skeletal muscle, the reflex is called a somatic reflex. If ...
... Reflexes are rapid, involuntary motor responses to an environmental stimulus detected by sensory receptors. A nerve impulse travels from the receptor through a neural reflex arc pathway to an effector. If the motor response is contraction of skeletal muscle, the reflex is called a somatic reflex. If ...
The tetrapartite synapse_ Extracellular matrix remodeling
... including cellular reorganization and remodeling in synaptic plasticity and memory, they must be appropriately expressed, localized and temporally activated (Sternlicht and Werb, 2001b). As such, the regulation of MMP expression and activity is particularly complex and involves several well-regulate ...
... including cellular reorganization and remodeling in synaptic plasticity and memory, they must be appropriately expressed, localized and temporally activated (Sternlicht and Werb, 2001b). As such, the regulation of MMP expression and activity is particularly complex and involves several well-regulate ...
Haemodynamic response
In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function. Haemodynamic response (HR) allows the rapid delivery of blood to active neuronal tissues. Since higher processes in the brain occur almost constantly, cerebral blood flow is essential for the maintenance of neurons, astrocytes, and other cells of the brain.