Chapter 7: Eyes and Ears
... effect is noted when one looks at outdoor objects on a bright, hazy day. An extreme example can be created by viewing bright lights at night through a window covered with drops of water. With aging, the cornea becomes flatter, reducing the amount of refraction it can cause and making it difficult to ...
... effect is noted when one looks at outdoor objects on a bright, hazy day. An extreme example can be created by viewing bright lights at night through a window covered with drops of water. With aging, the cornea becomes flatter, reducing the amount of refraction it can cause and making it difficult to ...
Ch 49
... • The PNS transmits information to and from the CNS and regulates movement and the internal environment • In the PNS, afferent neurons transmit information to the CNS and efferent neurons transmit information away from the CNS • Cranial nerves originate in the brain and mostly terminate in organs of ...
... • The PNS transmits information to and from the CNS and regulates movement and the internal environment • In the PNS, afferent neurons transmit information to the CNS and efferent neurons transmit information away from the CNS • Cranial nerves originate in the brain and mostly terminate in organs of ...
Zebrafish and motor control over the last decade
... 2005). Ablation of the neurons reduced prey capture success and appeared to affect the ability of the fish to properly orient to the prey. This ability to link even a few neurons to different motor behaviors offers the promise of understanding the contribution of many cell types. In order to link ne ...
... 2005). Ablation of the neurons reduced prey capture success and appeared to affect the ability of the fish to properly orient to the prey. This ability to link even a few neurons to different motor behaviors offers the promise of understanding the contribution of many cell types. In order to link ne ...
Distinct Functions of 3 and V Integrin Receptors
... pathways and thus, different modes of adhesion-induced changes in cell physiology, and (3) integrins are capable of synergizing with other cell surface receptor systems to finely modulate a cell’s behavior in response to multiple environmental cues (reviewed by Hynes and Lander, 1992; Vuori and Ruos ...
... pathways and thus, different modes of adhesion-induced changes in cell physiology, and (3) integrins are capable of synergizing with other cell surface receptor systems to finely modulate a cell’s behavior in response to multiple environmental cues (reviewed by Hynes and Lander, 1992; Vuori and Ruos ...
Human nasal olfactory epithelium as a dynamic marker for CNS
... While drugs are increasingly considered for targeting various glial cell types, astroglia are restricted to the central nervous system and thus not readily accessible to assess phenotypic or functional changes in response to targeted drug therapy. Cultured embryonic human or rodent astroglia show so ...
... While drugs are increasingly considered for targeting various glial cell types, astroglia are restricted to the central nervous system and thus not readily accessible to assess phenotypic or functional changes in response to targeted drug therapy. Cultured embryonic human or rodent astroglia show so ...
Dual single unit recording in Globus Pallidus (GP) and Subthalamic
... Q175 knock in mouse models demonstrate age-dependent alterations in firing activity of downstream nuclei within the IP; namely an increase in mean firing rate of D2 MSNinnervated globus pallidus (GP) neurons and a corresponding decrease in the mean firing rate of pallidal-innervated subthalamic nucl ...
... Q175 knock in mouse models demonstrate age-dependent alterations in firing activity of downstream nuclei within the IP; namely an increase in mean firing rate of D2 MSNinnervated globus pallidus (GP) neurons and a corresponding decrease in the mean firing rate of pallidal-innervated subthalamic nucl ...
Induction of c-fos Expression in Hypothalamic Magnocellular
... increasein oxytocin neuronal firing during lactation. Thus, either the pattern of activity during lactation is not suitable for the induction of C-$X or an appropriate synaptically driven mechanismis not operating. C&s transcription can be induced in cells by a number of secondmessenger systems,incl ...
... increasein oxytocin neuronal firing during lactation. Thus, either the pattern of activity during lactation is not suitable for the induction of C-$X or an appropriate synaptically driven mechanismis not operating. C&s transcription can be induced in cells by a number of secondmessenger systems,incl ...
Course Objectives
... o Describe the clinical importance of drugs that mimic or inhibit adrenergic or cholinergic effects. o State the effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions on the following organs: heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia. o Describe ...
... o Describe the clinical importance of drugs that mimic or inhibit adrenergic or cholinergic effects. o State the effects of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions on the following organs: heart, blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, adrenal medulla, and external genitalia. o Describe ...
Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology HST
... This measurement yields the effective renal blood flow. It assumes that indicator concentrations in whole blood are given. If the more usual plasma concentrations are used, then equation (4) will yield renal plasma flow (RPF). RPF is approximately 600-700 cc/min. in the normal adult. Equation (4) is ...
... This measurement yields the effective renal blood flow. It assumes that indicator concentrations in whole blood are given. If the more usual plasma concentrations are used, then equation (4) will yield renal plasma flow (RPF). RPF is approximately 600-700 cc/min. in the normal adult. Equation (4) is ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... Steering demands rapid responses to heading deviations and uses optic flow to redirect self-movement toward the intended destination. We trained monkeys in a naturalistic steering paradigm and recorded dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) cortical neuronal responses to the visual motion and s ...
... Steering demands rapid responses to heading deviations and uses optic flow to redirect self-movement toward the intended destination. We trained monkeys in a naturalistic steering paradigm and recorded dorsal medial superior temporal area (MSTd) cortical neuronal responses to the visual motion and s ...
Ch. 49
... • The PNS transmits information to and from the CNS and regulates movement and the internal environment • In the PNS, afferent neurons transmit information to the CNS and efferent neurons transmit information away from the CNS • Cranial nerves originate in the brain and mostly terminate in organs of ...
... • The PNS transmits information to and from the CNS and regulates movement and the internal environment • In the PNS, afferent neurons transmit information to the CNS and efferent neurons transmit information away from the CNS • Cranial nerves originate in the brain and mostly terminate in organs of ...
Cellular and network mechanisms of electrographic
... EPSPs [12,50], enhanced by the activation of voltage-gated intrinsic (high-threshold Ca2+ and persistent Na+) currents [1,13,15,17]. Specifically, the EPSPs initiate the PDS by depolarizing the postsynaptic neurons to the level of activation of the persistent Na+ current that maintains and enhances ...
... EPSPs [12,50], enhanced by the activation of voltage-gated intrinsic (high-threshold Ca2+ and persistent Na+) currents [1,13,15,17]. Specifically, the EPSPs initiate the PDS by depolarizing the postsynaptic neurons to the level of activation of the persistent Na+ current that maintains and enhances ...
Reinforcement, and Punishment Striatal Mechanisms Underlying
... the two striatal output pathways. The most widely cited expression difference between the two pathways are the dopamine Drd1 receptor, which is selectively expressed by direct pathway neurons, and the dopamine Drd2 receptor, which is selectively expressed by indirect pathway neurons. Due to this dif ...
... the two striatal output pathways. The most widely cited expression difference between the two pathways are the dopamine Drd1 receptor, which is selectively expressed by direct pathway neurons, and the dopamine Drd2 receptor, which is selectively expressed by indirect pathway neurons. Due to this dif ...
Synaptogenesis in the human cortex occurs between - UvA-DARE
... development. It has been shown that EE enhances the number of neurons (cell survival) in the dentate gyrus, increases brain size, enhances gliogenesis, neurite branching and synapse formation in the cortex, and increases the synapse-to-neuron ratio (Reviewed in van Praag et al., 2000). A larger numb ...
... development. It has been shown that EE enhances the number of neurons (cell survival) in the dentate gyrus, increases brain size, enhances gliogenesis, neurite branching and synapse formation in the cortex, and increases the synapse-to-neuron ratio (Reviewed in van Praag et al., 2000). A larger numb ...
Topical Review
... optic nerve.19 –22 In these sites, sprouting neurons activate specific molecular elements of a growth program to elaborate a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. Nervous system injury also induces glial and meningeal growth-inhibitory proteins that block axonal sprouting.23 The unequiv ...
... optic nerve.19 –22 In these sites, sprouting neurons activate specific molecular elements of a growth program to elaborate a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. Nervous system injury also induces glial and meningeal growth-inhibitory proteins that block axonal sprouting.23 The unequiv ...
Fractionation of social brain circuits in autism
... individuals. If one were to consider a relatively homogenous subsample of high-functioning [i.e. intelligent quotient (IQ) scores in the average or above average range] individuals with an autism spectrum disorder without the presence of additional neurological conditions or known genetic disorders, ...
... individuals. If one were to consider a relatively homogenous subsample of high-functioning [i.e. intelligent quotient (IQ) scores in the average or above average range] individuals with an autism spectrum disorder without the presence of additional neurological conditions or known genetic disorders, ...
The Mammalian Diving Response: An Enigmatic Reflex to Preserve
... the primitive platypus (10, 112) to humans (73, 132), and can be extended to include all vertebrates (63, 218). For example the common laboratory rat maintains a brisk DR to underwater submersion (67, 159, 185); in our hands, the response is seen in 100% of rats, 100% of the time. The hypothesis tha ...
... the primitive platypus (10, 112) to humans (73, 132), and can be extended to include all vertebrates (63, 218). For example the common laboratory rat maintains a brisk DR to underwater submersion (67, 159, 185); in our hands, the response is seen in 100% of rats, 100% of the time. The hypothesis tha ...
Neuronal correlates of movement dynamics in the dorsal and ventral
... One potential consequence of these remarkable findings is that all these areas may possibly participate in late motor processing stages —and in particular the ...
... One potential consequence of these remarkable findings is that all these areas may possibly participate in late motor processing stages —and in particular the ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulations of odor-evoked activity in MB neurons are still unknown. Modulatory input from the VUMmx1 neuron, which mediates the ...
... evoked spike frequency, indicative for a dierential neural representation of associative and non-associative events at the MB level. The precise mechanisms that underlie modulations of odor-evoked activity in MB neurons are still unknown. Modulatory input from the VUMmx1 neuron, which mediates the ...
Synapse
... stereotypy, and rearing in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats were compared. A single cocaine injection (molar equivalent of 60 µmol/kg cocaethylene, intraperitoneal) elicited a robust series of motor output behaviors, including locomotion, stereotypy, and rearing over a 30-minute testing period in ...
... stereotypy, and rearing in Long-Evans and Sprague-Dawley rats were compared. A single cocaine injection (molar equivalent of 60 µmol/kg cocaethylene, intraperitoneal) elicited a robust series of motor output behaviors, including locomotion, stereotypy, and rearing over a 30-minute testing period in ...
Chapter 21: Control and Coordination
... cell body. Notice the branching at the end of the axon. This allows the impulses to move to many other muscles, neurons, or ...
... cell body. Notice the branching at the end of the axon. This allows the impulses to move to many other muscles, neurons, or ...
Calcium Binding Protein-Like lmmunoreactivity Labels the Terminal
... specific CaBP immunoreactivity is localized to a dense plexus of fibers that have bouton-like swellings, usually around unstained somata. This type of immunoreactivity is found in a restricted portion of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc), in the anterior division of the ventral la ...
... specific CaBP immunoreactivity is localized to a dense plexus of fibers that have bouton-like swellings, usually around unstained somata. This type of immunoreactivity is found in a restricted portion of the central nucleus of the inferior colliculus (ICc), in the anterior division of the ventral la ...
Lecture 23
... response • Has slight effect to increase calcium reabsorption in kidneys • Works with PTH to cause calcium absorption from bone ...
... response • Has slight effect to increase calcium reabsorption in kidneys • Works with PTH to cause calcium absorption from bone ...
Haemodynamic response
In haemodynamics, the body must respond to physical activities, external temperature, and other factors by homeostatically adjusting its blood flow to deliver nutrients such as oxygen and glucose to stressed tissues and allow them to function. Haemodynamic response (HR) allows the rapid delivery of blood to active neuronal tissues. Since higher processes in the brain occur almost constantly, cerebral blood flow is essential for the maintenance of neurons, astrocytes, and other cells of the brain.