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Indirect Interactions Darwin — Lots of “Humblebees” around
Indirect Interactions Darwin — Lots of “Humblebees” around

... Natural selection produces a correlation between male genetic quality and female preference “Sexy son” phenomenon (females cannot afford to mate with males that are not attractive to other females) ...
Lecture PowerPoint - Biology
Lecture PowerPoint - Biology

... area where an organism lives, while a niche includes all the specific physical, chemical, and biological factors needed by an organism to survive, stay healthy, and ...
lecture_ch14_Population Ecology1
lecture_ch14_Population Ecology1

Unit 2 Ecology Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Unit 2 Ecology Biotic and Abiotic Factors

... • Ecology - the branch of biology that deals with the interactions between organisms and their environment • Biodiversity – • Population - includes all the members of a species in a given area ex. all of the white tail deer in the Adirondacks is a population • Organism – a living thing • Biome – th ...
Section 14.4: Population Growth Patterns
Section 14.4: Population Growth Patterns

...  Introduction of nonnative species causes population crashes in many parts of the world, especially where biodiversity is part of the ecosystem’s function  Pollution of land, water, and air can cause population crash in populations that support other populations ...
Does invasion history matter to the establishment success
Does invasion history matter to the establishment success

INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION

... increasing organism size.  Damuth found the population density of herbivorous mammals decreased with increased body size.  Peters and Wassenberg found aquatic invertebrates tend to have higher population densities than terrestrial invertebrates of similar size.  Mammals tend to have higher popula ...
BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 17: Community Ecology
BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 17: Community Ecology

ENVSCI11_C04_PR
ENVSCI11_C04_PR

... • Density-dependent: Influence changes with population density. • Density-independent: Influence does not change with population density. ...
Population Dynamics Notes
Population Dynamics Notes

... • As early as Darwin, scientists have realized that populations have the ability to grow exponentially • All populations have this ability, although not all populations realized this type of growth • Darwin pondered the question of exponential growth. He knew that all species had the potential to gr ...
spider competition in structurally simple
spider competition in structurally simple

... (Nyffeler & Sterling 1994). Intraspecific competition would be predicted to be the strongest, given that resource use should overlap 100% within a single species age/size class. However, because many spiders are territorial, and potentially cannibalistic, they will tend to be self-limiting. Because ...
A Multispecies Overkill Simulation of the End-Pleistocene
A Multispecies Overkill Simulation of the End-Pleistocene

... 8)]. To test for any effect of this assumption, grid cells in Arizona, Florida, and Connecticut also were designated as the initial point of invasion (trials 44 through 46). These three simulations all yield comparable extinction patterns. By contrast, a completely uniform seeding of the initial hum ...
EMT 302: ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEM AND MAN (2 UNITS)
EMT 302: ENVIRONMENT, ECOSYSTEM AND MAN (2 UNITS)

... the other fishes come to for cleaning. These are known as cleaning stations. Mutualism The two organisms benefit from each other and their interaction is essential for one another’s survival. This is the relationship most people think of when they use the word symbiosis. E.g. legumes and nitrogen fi ...
Animal relationships
Animal relationships

... breed as they do not have dominance in the group. Even so they will help gather food, rear others young and protect the territory. ...
Effects of altered resource consumption rates by one consumer
Effects of altered resource consumption rates by one consumer

... population density, while its competitor increases. At intermediate requirements, i.e. ((2q ) 1)/(4q ) 1) < d < (2q ) 1)/(1 ) 3q + 4q2), both consumers decline in abundance as Cii increases. When requirements are high (i.e. d > (2q ) 1)/(1 ) 3q + 4q2)), species i increases and species j decreases wh ...
Nt = Noλt Nt = Noert dN/dt = roN(1-N/K) dp/dt = cp(1
Nt = Noλt Nt = Noert dN/dt = roN(1-N/K) dp/dt = cp(1

... 6. If a population’s birth rate (bo) is independent of density and death rate (do) is positively related to density the population must be a. growing. b. decreasing. c. in a stable equilibrium. d. experiencing chaotic fluctuations. e. we don’t know enough to determine this. 7. When “self-thinning” ...
Biodiversity Effects on Soil Processes Explained by Interspecific
Biodiversity Effects on Soil Processes Explained by Interspecific

... detritivorous species, not species number, drives community compositional effects on leaf litter mass loss and soil respiration, two key soil ecosystem processes. These experiments confirm theoretical predictions that biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning can be predicted by the degree of fu ...
Prezentacja programu PowerPoint
Prezentacja programu PowerPoint

第八週
第八週

... • Is this the best strategy? – Intensive competition for the prey leads to lower effectiveness of the biological agents – Greater population establishment rate with fewer enemy species (Figure 1 for Box 1) ...
Resource Partitioning and Why It Matters | Learn Science at Scitable
Resource Partitioning and Why It Matters | Learn Science at Scitable

... a limiting resource or using the same limiting resource at a different place or time, individuals of different species compete less with one another (interspecific competition) than individuals of the same species (intraspecific competition). Species, therefore, limit their own population growth mor ...
The Great Feral Cat Con Job
The Great Feral Cat Con Job

... is from an old proverb – “Truth is the daughter of time”. In other words, history is whatever the people who lived afterwards say it is. The novel, Daughter of Time has absolutely nothing to do with (non-human) animals. In it, a modern (well, it was written in the 1950s, so relatively modern) police ...
Organismal Interactions and Ecology
Organismal Interactions and Ecology

... its environment. Variation in molecular units provides cells with a wider range of potential functions. A population is often measured in terms of genomic diversity and its ability to respond to change. Species with genetic variation and the resultant phenotypes can respond and adapt to changing env ...
ppt - WUR
ppt - WUR

Slide 1
Slide 1

Ecological Interactions Activity Student Handout Background
Ecological Interactions Activity Student Handout Background

... interacting with other species. Something that affects one species will impact all the other species it interacts with. For example, if a frog species goes extinct in a community, then the snakes that usually eat it will have to find another food source or they will go extinct as well. And since the ...
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Storage effect

The storage effect is a coexistence mechanism proposed in the ecological theory of species coexistence, which tries to explain how such a wide variety of similar species are able to coexist within the same ecological community or guild. The storage effect was originally proposed in the 1980s to explain coexistence in diverse communities of coral reef fish, however it has since been generalized to cover a variety of ecological communities. The theory proposes one way for multiple species to coexist: in a changing environment, no species can be the best under all conditions. Instead, each species must have a unique response to varying environmental conditions, and a way of buffering against the effects of bad years. The storage effect gets its name because each population ""stores"" the gains in good years or microhabitats (patches) to help it survive population losses in bad years or patches. One strength of this theory is that, unlike most coexistence mechanisms, the storage effect can be measured and quantified, with units of per-capita growth rate (offspring per adult per generation).The storage effect can be caused by both temporal and spatial variation. The temporal storage effect (often referred to as simply ""the storage effect"") occurs when species benefit from changes in year-to-year environmental patterns, while the spatial storage effect occurs when species benefit from variation in microhabitats across a landscape.
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