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Population and community
Population and community

... Allee’s Principle W.C. Allee, an ecologist known for his extensive research on social behaviour of animals, gave a concept known as Allee’s principle. Allee’s prinicple is a relationship between population density and survival of animals. According to Allee, both under-crowding (low population densi ...
UNIVERSITY HIGH SCHOOL
UNIVERSITY HIGH SCHOOL

... 47. Survivorship curves show patterns of survival. In general terms, survivorship curves can be classified into three types. Using the figure below, label and explain the three idealized survivorship patterns. [these appear on AP Biology and SATII exams] ...
Introductory Research Essay
Introductory Research Essay

... eachother adversely. As Putnam (1996) notes, a competitive interaction may be present if we observe a clear shift in resource use of a species in allopatry compared to sympatry, and even better evidence would be if an inverse relationship could be found between population sizes of a pair of species. ...
Neutral theory in community ecology and the hypothesis of
Neutral theory in community ecology and the hypothesis of

... theory gave new impetus to testing community assembly rules through direct experimental manipulations of resource availability, most notably in plant community ecology. Perhaps the most significant conceptual spinoff of resource-based theory, however, was broader recognition of the fundamental impor ...
Populations and Communities
Populations and Communities

... surrounding atmosphere where there is life. The biosphere includes all the land of the continents and islands. It also includes all of Earth’s oceans, lakes, and streams. It includes the ice caps at the North Pole and the South Pole. Parts of the biosphere with large numbers of plants or algae often ...
Competition among native and invasive Impatiens species: the roles
Competition among native and invasive Impatiens species: the roles

... hand, the outcome of interactions with resident organisms, especially competition (Levine et al. 2004), have been repeatedly found to be important for successful invasion of local communities (Sakai et al. 2001; Levine et al. 2004; Vilà and Weiner 2004; Maherali and Klironomos 2007; Hierro et al. 2 ...
The Influence of Interspecific Competition and Other Factors on the
The Influence of Interspecific Competition and Other Factors on the

A new formulation for determination of the competition coefficient in
A new formulation for determination of the competition coefficient in

... earlier formulations, which have been described below. MacArthur and Levins11 were the first to propose a mathematical formulation relating resource utilization spectra and competitive intensity, expressing the fact that competition coefficient could be calculated as a degree of ecological overlap1. ...
Behavioral Mediators of the Human Population Effect on Global
Behavioral Mediators of the Human Population Effect on Global

... 1,000 times that of historic background rates (Pimm et al. 1995). In addition, it should be made clear that also there have been real losses of biodiversity at the genetic level of many species, as surviving populations lessen in numbers. This is an important consideration because the resilience and ...
Chapter 20-Populations
Chapter 20-Populations

... (3) Some populations of migratory birds are difficult to count because the flocks are too numerous, too widespread, or too mobile. Students may have some ideas for determining the population size of migratory birds. Answers should include a method of isolating and counting a few and then using a pro ...
Ecology2 - WordPress.com
Ecology2 - WordPress.com

... Painted turtles often dig up the nests of other painted turtles. Density Dependent ...
Consent Agenda ESR-171 Environmental Science
Consent Agenda ESR-171 Environmental Science

... Concern over students taking many courses that do not have a high transfer value has led to increasing attention to the transferability of LDC courses. The state currently requires us to certify that at least one OUS school will accept a new LDC course in transfer. Faculty should communicate with co ...
Adaptations in Species
Adaptations in Species

... Natural Selection Natural selection is the process by which organisms with variations that help them survive in their environment live longer, compete better, and reproduce more than those that do not have the variation. If a variation helps an organism survive or compete better in its environment, ...
Lecture.6 - Cal State LA
Lecture.6 - Cal State LA

... Distribution Limits • Physical environment imposes limits on the distribution of populations • the range of environments in which a particular species can exist is limited • at some point, the energy expended by an organism for survival in an extreme environment exceeds the maximum energy intake th ...
Section 1: What Is an Ecosystem? Preview • Bellringer • Key Ideas
Section 1: What Is an Ecosystem? Preview • Bellringer • Key Ideas

... factor in each successive time period. This type of increase causes the J-shaped curve of exponential growth. In exponential growth, population size grows slowly when it is small. But as the population gets larger, growth speeds up. Populations do not grow unchecked forever. Factors such as availabi ...
Population Ecology - Fulton County Schools
Population Ecology - Fulton County Schools

...  Density INdependent Factors  limiting factors that DO NOT depend on the density [#] of orgs in the area. ...
PDF file - University of Washington
PDF file - University of Washington

... larval sea anemones Peachia quinquecapitataMcMurrich, 1913 are sometimes seen on Aequorea, but the infestation rate was never over lolo. Aequorea medusae are harvested for their bioluminescent protein, aequorin, in the late summer in Friday Harbor. Although 100,000-200,000 medusae are taken annually ...
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Two Decades of Homage to Santa Rosalia: Toward a General
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... are based on the Lotka-Volterra models of interspecific competition. These equations express competition in terms of alit the effect on the population growth rate of species i of an individual of species j relative to the effect of a conspecific individual. Attempts to provide a direct answer to Hut ...
Role of biological disturbance in maintaining diversity in the deep sea
Role of biological disturbance in maintaining diversity in the deep sea

In his 1967 work A Darwinian Approach to Plant Ecology, J
In his 1967 work A Darwinian Approach to Plant Ecology, J

... could persist with large fluctuations in temperature and salinity. The K-strategist works well in areas where there is less variation. The natural conditions have varying impacts on the 2 species because they do not use the same amount resources for reproduction. The r-strategists can use up to 25% ...
Population-Limiting Factors
Population-Limiting Factors

... What are the characteristics of populations and how they are distributed? What are the differences between density-independent and densitydependent limiting factors? What are the similarities between the different models used to quantify the growth of a population? ...
Chapter 9: Ecology Lesson 9.3: Relationships and Interactions in an
Chapter 9: Ecology Lesson 9.3: Relationships and Interactions in an

... into the environment. These nutrients are recycled back into the ecosystem so that the producers can use them. They are passed to other organisms when they are eaten or consumed. Many of these nutrients are recycled back into the soil, so they can be taken up by the roots of plants. The stability of ...
ap biology summer assignment
ap biology summer assignment

... 2. Distinguish between biotic and abiotic factors. Describe 4 abiotic factors, including an example of how each may influence a living organism. 3. Explain 5 factors affecting the distribution and ecology of organisms. (At least 3 of these should be biotic). 4. What is an introduced species? Cite 2 ...
Does biodiversity always increase the stability of eco
Does biodiversity always increase the stability of eco

... interactions, it was observed that not all species combinations promoted all types of stability. In areas where drought resistance is an important factor contributing to stability, drought had more negative impacts in mixed forests. Competition negatively impacted the growth of drought-tolerant spec ...
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Storage effect

The storage effect is a coexistence mechanism proposed in the ecological theory of species coexistence, which tries to explain how such a wide variety of similar species are able to coexist within the same ecological community or guild. The storage effect was originally proposed in the 1980s to explain coexistence in diverse communities of coral reef fish, however it has since been generalized to cover a variety of ecological communities. The theory proposes one way for multiple species to coexist: in a changing environment, no species can be the best under all conditions. Instead, each species must have a unique response to varying environmental conditions, and a way of buffering against the effects of bad years. The storage effect gets its name because each population ""stores"" the gains in good years or microhabitats (patches) to help it survive population losses in bad years or patches. One strength of this theory is that, unlike most coexistence mechanisms, the storage effect can be measured and quantified, with units of per-capita growth rate (offspring per adult per generation).The storage effect can be caused by both temporal and spatial variation. The temporal storage effect (often referred to as simply ""the storage effect"") occurs when species benefit from changes in year-to-year environmental patterns, while the spatial storage effect occurs when species benefit from variation in microhabitats across a landscape.
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