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... each breath increase. This means that more gaseous exchange takes place. The brain also tells the heart to beat faster so that more blood is pumped to the lungs for gaseous exchange. More oxygenated blood gets to the muscles and more CO2 is removed. 14 of 28 ...
Core 2 Training and performance PowerPoint - MrBettiol
Core 2 Training and performance PowerPoint - MrBettiol

... energy, and can delay the decrease in blood glucose levels. ...
CARBOHYDRATES: METABOLISM (cont.)
CARBOHYDRATES: METABOLISM (cont.)

... hormones • Insulin • Growth hormone, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, Glucocorticoids increase fat catabolism when blood glucose is low • Fat is stored in adipose tissue when blood glucose levels are sufficient – Carbohydrates have a fat storing effect • Leptin – secreted by fat storing cells to regulat ...
Beslenme - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
Beslenme - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk

... calcium loss  osteoarthritis less fruit / vegetables / grains  cancer vitamin / mineral deficiency inhibited platelet function  bruising fatigue similar to diabetes: renal disease cerebral swelling Weight loss due to water loss and appetite suppression. ...
fuels and tissues
fuels and tissues

...  mainly stored in liver: ~ 24 hr supply for export (note: kidney also contributes to glycogen reserves)  muscle: small reserve for own use  Neurons: no glycogen stores, glycogen in glial cells  excess carbohydrate not needed for immediate use is stored as glycogen or TAGs ...
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

... The main reason for Altitude Training is that due to the Hypoxic conditions the body adapts by increasing the release of Erythropoietin (EPO) which stimulates an increase in RBC production and an increase in capillarisation Therefore, when returning to sea level, O2 carrying capacity (VO2 max) is in ...
Ergogentic Aids
Ergogentic Aids

... Study protocols suggest an oral dose of 2- 4 grams/ day. ...
about your muscles: what you may not know ~ and
about your muscles: what you may not know ~ and

... It’s Not Due To Lack Of Oxygen, But To Lack Of Circulation: Most resources say that lactic acid builds up and concentrates in a muscle when there isn’t enough oxygen to process it; but it’s actually more about lack of circulation in the muscle than lack of oxygen. When many – not all, but many – mus ...
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

... maximal lifts) and running up a short flight of stairs. From an energetics standpoint, the fuel used for events classed in the power category is resting stores of phosphagens, particularly ATP and creatine phosphate (CP). Speed events require a slightly longer time period. Examples of speed events a ...
What is the relationship between physical fitness,
What is the relationship between physical fitness,

... The ability to integrate body movements with messages from the different senses. Coordination’s relationship to movement efficiency: Coordination is important in the performance of skills. It requires an effective relationship between the brain and the muscles. Well coordinated athletes can learn ne ...
pbl – night starvation - UQMBBS-2013
pbl – night starvation - UQMBBS-2013

... CHO in diet: Starch, lactose & sucrose are the 3 main sources. Also small amounts of others, including alcohol, glycogen, lactic acid, dextrins. Cellulose is starch we eat but is not digested. Salivary amylase begins hydrolysis of CHO in the mouth. In stomach, the low pH stops digestion. Digestion c ...
Musculoskeletal System - Savita Pall and Chemistry
Musculoskeletal System - Savita Pall and Chemistry

... calcium in the bones; making the bones brittle and weak. Osteoporosis is difficult to diagnose because there are not any outward physical symptoms. Bone density test must be done to determine if a person has osteoporosis. The function of the musculoskeletal system is support and protection, thus phy ...
Article - International Journal of Biomedicine
Article - International Journal of Biomedicine

... impact periods the citrate synthase activity, Krebs cycle enzyme, catalyzing the formation of citrate from oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA, is decreased [39]. The impact of long-term gravity discharge (antiorthostatic hanging for 35 days) is that it leads to reduction, after discharge, in the rate of ox ...
Correlation between Innervation of Skeletal Muscles and
Correlation between Innervation of Skeletal Muscles and

... into an irreversible phase from then on. However, there is a puzzle during the process, that is, why the cell proliferation peak from the perspective of histology occurred two months later than that from the perspective of cytology. This time gap might stem from the following reasons: 1) the denerva ...
continued - Human Kinetics
continued - Human Kinetics

... performance enhancement and is an integral part of the rehabilitation and reconditioning process. Ideally, this person should be certified by the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) as a Certified Strength and Conditioning Specialist (CSCS) to ensure that he or she has the knowledg ...
CYCLING PERFORMANCE TIPS -- Compiled from Various Sources
CYCLING PERFORMANCE TIPS -- Compiled from Various Sources

... measured in Calories (note the capital C). Carbohydrates and protein both contain 4.1 Calories per gram (120 Calories per ounce) while the energy "density" of fat is more than double at 9 Calories per gram. The disadvantage of fat as a fuel for exercise is that it is metabolized through pathways tha ...
Developmental characteristics of pectoralis muscle in - Funpec-RP
Developmental characteristics of pectoralis muscle in - Funpec-RP

... duck pectoral muscles were investigated in the embryonic stage, and E20 was identified as the transition point (from proliferation to fusion) of the Pekin duck pectoral muscle. This suggested that the number of mono-nucleated myoblasts might be fixed before E20. The myogenic regulatory factor (MRF) ...
GCSE Revision bookle..
GCSE Revision bookle..

... fitness” isn’t very specific, I want to improve my cardiovascular fitness is more specific. I want to be better at football isn’t very specific, I want to be better at controlling the ball is. M – Measurable – This allows you to monitor any improvement e.g. if you run a further 100m in the cooper ru ...
Document
Document

... Peripherally, neuropeptide Y (NPY) is mainly known as a sympathetic vasoconstrictor cotransmitter, and centrally, as an appetite stimulant and mediator of obesity, particularly of the abdominal type. Recently, we found that NPY is also a potent angiogenic factor through activation of the Y2-receptor ...
Metabolic Integration during the Postprandial, Fasting and Feedback
Metabolic Integration during the Postprandial, Fasting and Feedback

... glucagon levels in the blood [1,3,4,8]. While there is glycogen, the rate of gluconeogenesis is small, however, this pathway will occur in the maximum speed after hepatic glycogen depletion [1,3,4,8]. Therefore, in the prolonged fasting, glycemia is maintained only by gluconeogenesis, which means an ...
Energy from Respiration
Energy from Respiration

... • Resting breathing and heart rates (low - ). • How much these rates increase with exercise (less - ). ...
Energy Systems
Energy Systems

... • The longer it takes a person to reach their threshold, the more “endurance” they have •Elite endurance athletes will have a high lactate threshold •Untrained individuals will have a low lactate threshold Therefore, the lower your LT, the less efficient your energy systems are working, or the poo ...
Health Related Fitness
Health Related Fitness

...  Depending on fitness and body size, a body-weight exercise such as pullups may be a muscular endurance exercise for one individual and a strength exercise for another.  A muscular endurance workout might involve a high target number of repetitions, for instance, 50 squats.You can also use a time ...
NiaTopics - Request a Spot account
NiaTopics - Request a Spot account

... sternum (inserting in the cartilage of the fifth, sixth, and seventh ribs). Activation of the rectus abdominis flexes the spine, pulls the rib cage and the pelvis towards each other and may affect the curvature of the lower back. It also tenses the abdominal wall and aids in compressing the contents ...
Presentation Package
Presentation Package

... tearing of fibers – Contusion: direct trauma to soft tissue resulting in an excess blood and fluid accumulation ...
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Myokine

A myokine is one of several hundred cytokines or other small proteins (~5–20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and released by muscle cells (myocytes) in response to muscular contractions. They have autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects; their systemic effects occur at picomolar concentrations.Receptors for myokines are found on muscle, fat, liver, pancreas, bone, heart, immune, and brain cells. The location of these receptors explain the fact that myokines have multiple functions. Foremost, they are involved in exercise-associated metabolic changes, as well as in the metabolic changes following training adaptation. They also participate in tissue regeneration and repair, maintenance of healthy bodily functioning, immunomodulation; and cell signaling, expression and differentiation.
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