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Levels of Organisation
Levels of Organisation

... mechanism, the blood gases (PO2 + PCO2 levels) do not have to be disturbed to stimulate the hyperventilation, it get stimulated before the blood gases get disturbed so we can maintain within normal levels. In other words; the blood gases and partial pressures during exercises are normal but we hyper ...
oxidation - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
oxidation - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk

... Blood lactate – Gluconeogenesis in liver ...
Acute nutritional ketosis: implications for exercise performance and metabolism Open Access
Acute nutritional ketosis: implications for exercise performance and metabolism Open Access

... 100-fold above resting conditions during high-intensity exercise [2]. Depending on the relative intensity of exercise, durations of physical effort may last for minutes, hours or even days, placing large metabolic, structural and cognitive demands on body systems to sustain this output. Similar chan ...
Document
Document

... Physical Fitness is the ability to carry out daily tasks and have enough reserve energy to respond to unexpected demands. Maintaining a high level of fitness is a lifelong challenge. Your level of physical fitness affects all aspects of your health and your life. Your level of physical fitness affec ...
module code - University of Chester
module code - University of Chester

... This module aims to develop critical knowledge and understanding of sports nutrition by reviewing theoretical, research and practice-based work; to develop skills in critical analysis, particularly in relation to published research in this area; and to enhance students’ perception of professional an ...
BIOANALYTICAL/CLINICAL ANALYSIS
BIOANALYTICAL/CLINICAL ANALYSIS

... INSULIN ADDED TO TYPE 1(AT LAST STAGES TYPE 2= DRUGS GLUCOBAY/GLUCOPHARGE AT FIRST-ADSORBS GLUCOSE) INSULIN NORMALLY PRODUCED IN PANCREAS: -PROMOTES GLYCOGENESIS AND LIPOGENESIS - INCREASES PERMEABILITY ...
Biological Energy Systems
Biological Energy Systems

... Metabolism of Fat, Carbohydrate, and Protein • Figure 2.7 (next slide) – The metabolism of fat and that of carbohydrate and protein share some common pathways. Note that all are reduced to acetyl-CoA and enter the Krebs cycle. ...
Types of Muscle Fibre
Types of Muscle Fibre

... type of muscle fibre  The relative proportion of each fibre type varies in the same muscles of different people e.g. Elite marathon runners have a greater proportion of slow twitch fibres and elite sprinters have more fast twitch fibres.  The two main types can be distinguished on the basis of the ...
Excess of Free Fatty Acids as a Cause of Metabolic
Excess of Free Fatty Acids as a Cause of Metabolic

... An increased release of free fatty acids (FFA) from dysfunctional adipose tissue and a reduction in postprandial plasma triacylglycerols (TAG)/FFA clearance lead to higher circulating FFA levels/fluxes and higher uptake to skeletal muscle. FFA accumulated in skeletal muscle can be incorporated into ...
The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
The Skeletal and Muscular Systems

... Skeletal muscle is attached to your bones and allows you to move. You have control over your skeletal muscle. For example, you can bring your arm up to your mouth to take a bite from an apple. The tough strand of tissue that connects a muscle to a bone is called a tendon. When a muscle contracts, or ...
WHERE DOES THE ENERGY TO GALLOP COME
WHERE DOES THE ENERGY TO GALLOP COME

... Thus, in summary, if we maintain a fast steady pace we can optimise utilisation of glycogen. Faster speeds require aerobic utilisation of glycogen and even faster speeds and accelerations require additional breakdown on glycogen to lactate. The difference between aerobic and anaerobic glycogen break ...
Age and Adipocytes - Iran Obesity Society Official Homepage
Age and Adipocytes - Iran Obesity Society Official Homepage

... • Dysdifferentiation of mesenchymal progenitors into mesenchymal adipocytelike default (or MAD) cells in muscle, marrow, fat tissue, and elsewhere, could result from age-associated stress response pathway activation ...
AMINO ACIDS COMPLEX Factsheet
AMINO ACIDS COMPLEX Factsheet

... acids linked by peptide bonds. Proteins are not obtained directly from human diet, instead they are broken down from dietary protein into the constituent amino acid, which the body uses to build the specific protein that it needs. Each person’s ability to break down protein into single amino acids d ...
Core Training with Drag Resistance
Core Training with Drag Resistance

... ore training is a term that has been widely used in the rehabilitation and sports performance world for a number of years, and has been growing in popularity in the fitness arena. Many aquatic fitness professionals develop exercise programs that emphasize the core muscles. Before beginning to incorp ...
SECTION 2 - CELL FUNCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT
SECTION 2 - CELL FUNCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT

... represent a subcategory of lipids; “not all lipids are fats” because the term lipids includes other subcategories such as phospholipids and steroids, that are not triglycerides. 11. Plasma proteins contribute to the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood, which is needed for fluid balance. Plasma pro ...
SECTION 2 - CELL FUNCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT
SECTION 2 - CELL FUNCTION AND BIOCHEMICAL MEASUREMENT

... represent a subcategory of lipids; “not all lipids are fats” because the term lipids includes other subcategories such as phospholipids and steroids, that are not triglycerides. 11. Plasma proteins contribute to the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood, which is needed for fluid balance. Plasma pro ...
2. The Respiratory System - School
2. The Respiratory System - School

... each breath increase. This means that more gaseous exchange takes place. The brain also tells the heart to beat faster so that more blood is pumped to the lungs for gaseous exchange. More oxygenated blood gets to the muscles and more CO2 is removed. 18 of 28 ...
2. The Respiratory System
2. The Respiratory System

... each breath increase. This means that more gaseous exchange takes place. The brain also tells the heart to beat faster so that more blood is pumped to the lungs for gaseous exchange. More oxygenated blood gets to the muscles and more CO2 is removed. 18 of 28 ...
2. The Respiratory System File
2. The Respiratory System File

... each breath increase. This means that more gaseous exchange takes place. The brain also tells the heart to beat faster so that more blood is pumped to the lungs for gaseous exchange. More oxygenated blood gets to the muscles and more CO2 is removed. 18 of 28 ...
A novel isoform of the smooth muscle cell
A novel isoform of the smooth muscle cell

... In this work we describe the cloning of a large smoothelin isoform with a calculated molecular weight of 100.4 kDa that is conserved in mouse and humans and can thus account for the 95-kDa protein recognized by monoclonal antibodies against smoothelin. Northern blot analyses showed that both short a ...
Muscle
Muscle

... A Simple squamous epithelium (air sacs of the lung) ...
Perry et al., 2008
Perry et al., 2008

... There has been renewed interest in alternative forms of exercise training that are performed at higher intensities but for shorter periods of time per week in an effort to find a more time-efficient stimulus to induce skeletal muscle and whole-body metabolic adaptations. One example is sprint interv ...
Specific localization of nesprin-1-α2, the short isoform of nesprin
Specific localization of nesprin-1-α2, the short isoform of nesprin

... related gene, SYNE2, which encodes nesprin-2 [1, 2]. The protein products originally identified were, in fact, shorter C-terminal isoforms of larger proteins, nesprin1-giant (1008kD) and nesprin-2-giant (792kD) [2–4]. The SYNE1 gene on human chromosome 6q25 is also known as MYNE1 [5] or Enaptin [6] ...
Reviews EVects of exercise on lymphocytes and cytokines
Reviews EVects of exercise on lymphocytes and cytokines

... from runners after a marathon.14 These data indicate that IL-6 is locally produced in response to strenuous exercise or exercise induced muscle damage. IL-1ra mRNA was not present in the skeletal muscle, but was expressed by blood mononuclear cells obtained after, but not before, the marathon, indic ...
NEUROTRANSMITTERS NTs (Handout, Learn 1 ) Revised 10/15/15
NEUROTRANSMITTERS NTs (Handout, Learn 1 ) Revised 10/15/15

... The effect of any NT could be depolarization (to create an EPSP) or hyperpolarization (to create an IPSP). It is the receptors present at the cleft that determine the response. Therefore, the same NT may have a stimulating effect in one part of the brain and an inhibitory effect in another. Any give ...
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Myokine

A myokine is one of several hundred cytokines or other small proteins (~5–20 kDa) and proteoglycan peptides that are produced and released by muscle cells (myocytes) in response to muscular contractions. They have autocrine, paracrine and/or endocrine effects; their systemic effects occur at picomolar concentrations.Receptors for myokines are found on muscle, fat, liver, pancreas, bone, heart, immune, and brain cells. The location of these receptors explain the fact that myokines have multiple functions. Foremost, they are involved in exercise-associated metabolic changes, as well as in the metabolic changes following training adaptation. They also participate in tissue regeneration and repair, maintenance of healthy bodily functioning, immunomodulation; and cell signaling, expression and differentiation.
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