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View/Open - Minerva Access
View/Open - Minerva Access

... for formation of C-C bonds with CO2 as the only coproduct. Here I provide an overview of: key solution phase literature; thermochemical considerations for decarboxylation of esters and thermolysis of esters in the absence of a metal catalyst. Results from my laboratory on the use of multistage ion t ...
Oxidation of benzoin with anchored vanadyl and
Oxidation of benzoin with anchored vanadyl and

Isomeric Product Detection in the
Isomeric Product Detection in the

Organic Halides (Haloalkanes) (Alkyl Halides)
Organic Halides (Haloalkanes) (Alkyl Halides)

Sustainable Oxidation Catalysis for Synthesis
Sustainable Oxidation Catalysis for Synthesis

Catalytic Enantioselective Dibromination of Allylic Alcohols
Catalytic Enantioselective Dibromination of Allylic Alcohols

CHM102 - National Open University of Nigeria
CHM102 - National Open University of Nigeria

homogeneous catalysis
homogeneous catalysis

Common Leaving Groups
Common Leaving Groups

... C atoms with more s character tend to form stronger bonds with other carbons. ...
Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry
Chapter 4 Aqueous Reactions and Solution Stoichiometry

... The solubility of a substance at a particular temperature is the amount of that substance that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at that temperature. • A substance with a solubility of less than 0.01 mol/L is regarded as being insoluble. Aqueous Reactions ...
Synthesis of [RuCl2(NO)2(THF)] and its Double CN BondForming
Synthesis of [RuCl2(NO)2(THF)] and its Double CN BondForming

... investigation, methods for controlling the reactivity of nitric oxide at transition-metal centers have received considerably less attention.[1–3] For example, the migratory insertion of NO into metal–alkyl or metal–aryl bonds has been observed in only a handful of metal complexes,[3] despite the ana ...
Electrophilic Selenium Catalysis with Electrophilic N
Electrophilic Selenium Catalysis with Electrophilic N

Lipid Hydroperoxide Activation of N-Hydroxy-N
Lipid Hydroperoxide Activation of N-Hydroxy-N

View/Open
View/Open

... by any means—graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, information storage and retrieval systems, or in any other manner—without the written permission of the publisher. Printed in the United States of America ...
solvents_family_EN_final AVL.indd
solvents_family_EN_final AVL.indd

Free Radicals
Free Radicals

Rutgers...Ch17 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds
Rutgers...Ch17 Reactions of Aromatic Compounds

Process for the preparation of ethene and/or propene
Process for the preparation of ethene and/or propene

Role of Chemical Reaction Engineering in Sustainable
Role of Chemical Reaction Engineering in Sustainable

... Hydrocarbon alkylation reactions are important in petroleum industries for producing high octane gasoline stocks. Traditional routes use liquid phase acids such as ...
Ligand-Based CarbonАNitrogen Bond Forming Reactions of Metal
Ligand-Based CarbonАNitrogen Bond Forming Reactions of Metal

... Verkade's base, and phosphazene bases, deprotonates these complexes and renders them nucleophilic at the carbon r to the nitroso group. This conjugate anion of metal dinitrosoalkanes can participate in conjugate addition to Michael acceptors to form new carboncarbon bonds. These functionalized coba ...
Silicon hydrides in organic synthesis
Silicon hydrides in organic synthesis

chapter 5: nomenclature
chapter 5: nomenclature

... (1°) and those bonded to two are termed secondary carbon atoms (2°). Both these types of carbon atoms are encountered in straight chain alkanes. However, with branching we now have two different carbon atoms, those bonded to three carbon atoms () and those bonded to four carbon atoms (). These are ...
Chapter Seven PPT
Chapter Seven PPT

Organic Chemistry Notes
Organic Chemistry Notes

New insights into the mechanism of sorbitol transformation
New insights into the mechanism of sorbitol transformation

< 1 ... 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 ... 53 >

Cracking (chemistry)



In petroleum geology and chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or heavy hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carbon-carbon bonds in the precursors. The rate of cracking and the end products are strongly dependent on the temperature and presence of catalysts. Cracking is the breakdown of a large alkane into smaller, more useful alkanes and alkenes. Simply put, hydrocarbon cracking is the process of breaking a long-chain of hydrocarbons into short ones. More loosely, outside the field of petroleum chemistry, the term ""cracking"" is used to describe any type of splitting of molecules under the influence of heat, catalysts and solvents, such as in processes of destructive distillation or pyrolysis. Fluid catalytic cracking produces a high yield of petrol and LPG, while hydrocracking is a major source of jet fuel, Diesel fuel, naphtha, and again yields LPG.
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