ch08 by dr. Dina
... The hydration of alkenes and the dehydration of alcohols are simply reverse reactions of one other The reaction is governed by the position of all the equilibria Hydration is favored by addition of a small amount of acid and a large amount of water Dehydration is favored by concentrated acid with ve ...
... The hydration of alkenes and the dehydration of alcohols are simply reverse reactions of one other The reaction is governed by the position of all the equilibria Hydration is favored by addition of a small amount of acid and a large amount of water Dehydration is favored by concentrated acid with ve ...
Chapter 1-
... "Acidity" in Organic Chemistry In organic chemistry, the term "acidity" is broadly used and is a fundamental property of all organic materials. Many reactions depend on the relative acidities of organic compounds which direct proton transfers, and the course of reactions. The range of acidities of ...
... "Acidity" in Organic Chemistry In organic chemistry, the term "acidity" is broadly used and is a fundamental property of all organic materials. Many reactions depend on the relative acidities of organic compounds which direct proton transfers, and the course of reactions. The range of acidities of ...
Substitution and Elimination Reactions . 7.1. Definitions.
... reaction coordinate diagram is a way of showing the energy of the system as it moves from starting materials through the transition state to the products. The SN2 substitution reaction has a particularly simple reaction coordinate diagram: starting materials, a single transition state, and products. ...
... reaction coordinate diagram is a way of showing the energy of the system as it moves from starting materials through the transition state to the products. The SN2 substitution reaction has a particularly simple reaction coordinate diagram: starting materials, a single transition state, and products. ...
Electophilic Aromatic Substituion - Towson University
... reactions with Lewis acids The product is formed by loss of a proton, which is replaced by bromine FeBr3 is added as a catalyst to polarize the bromine reagent ...
... reactions with Lewis acids The product is formed by loss of a proton, which is replaced by bromine FeBr3 is added as a catalyst to polarize the bromine reagent ...
Hein and Arena
... molecular weights, because none of these compounds are able to form hydrogen bonds to like molecules. • Ether molecules are slightly polar as a consequence of the C-O-C linkage, but the dipole-dipole attractions that occur between ether molecules are not strong enough to raise boiling points much ab ...
... molecular weights, because none of these compounds are able to form hydrogen bonds to like molecules. • Ether molecules are slightly polar as a consequence of the C-O-C linkage, but the dipole-dipole attractions that occur between ether molecules are not strong enough to raise boiling points much ab ...
2010 `A` Levels Suggested Solutions
... (i) Concentrated H2SO4 reacts very exothermically when diluted with water due to the highly exothermic enthalpy change of hydration by water. (ii) Inorganic by-product : Br2(g) + SO2(g) NaBr + H2SO4 à NaHSO4 + HBr 2HBr(g) + H2SO4(l) Br2(g) + SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) Organic by-product: But-1-ene CH3CH2CH2 ...
... (i) Concentrated H2SO4 reacts very exothermically when diluted with water due to the highly exothermic enthalpy change of hydration by water. (ii) Inorganic by-product : Br2(g) + SO2(g) NaBr + H2SO4 à NaHSO4 + HBr 2HBr(g) + H2SO4(l) Br2(g) + SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) Organic by-product: But-1-ene CH3CH2CH2 ...
CHAPTER 13 Approaches to the Asymmetric Synthesis of Unusual
... for the preparation of a-amino acids. Since glycine is the simplest amino acid, derivatization of glycine (including “double derivatization” to make a, a’-disubstituted a-amino acids) can, in principle, provide an infinite variety of a-amino acids. Numerous approaches have been devised and previousl ...
... for the preparation of a-amino acids. Since glycine is the simplest amino acid, derivatization of glycine (including “double derivatization” to make a, a’-disubstituted a-amino acids) can, in principle, provide an infinite variety of a-amino acids. Numerous approaches have been devised and previousl ...
Welcome to Class 7
... α-D-Glucopyranose has 4 equatorial and 1 axial substitutions on the pyranose ring whereas β-DGlucopyranose has 5 equatorial substituents on the pyranose ring. Minimization of steric hindrance favors equatorial positions for the highest number of pyranose substituents. The anomeric effect involving s ...
... α-D-Glucopyranose has 4 equatorial and 1 axial substitutions on the pyranose ring whereas β-DGlucopyranose has 5 equatorial substituents on the pyranose ring. Minimization of steric hindrance favors equatorial positions for the highest number of pyranose substituents. The anomeric effect involving s ...
Uses of Phosphoric Acid
... Water is added and the gypsum is removed by filtration along with other insoluble materials (e.g. silica). ...
... Water is added and the gypsum is removed by filtration along with other insoluble materials (e.g. silica). ...
Exam 3b-2009
... 25. The following disaccharide has an α-1,4’ linkage with both saccharides being L-. ...
... 25. The following disaccharide has an α-1,4’ linkage with both saccharides being L-. ...
Chapter 1-
... Markovnikov’s Rule (Original): addition of HX to an alkene proceeds so that the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon that already has the most hydrogen atoms ...
... Markovnikov’s Rule (Original): addition of HX to an alkene proceeds so that the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon that already has the most hydrogen atoms ...
File - mrs. whalen`s classes!
... alkane. Name it by replacing –yl with –oxy. Give it a position number. 3. Put it together! Amines Contains the functional group –NH2, -NHR or –NRR’ **Note that “R” refers to any alkyl group. R’ simply means a second alkyl group. Like alcohols, amines can be primary, secondary or tertiary, but the me ...
... alkane. Name it by replacing –yl with –oxy. Give it a position number. 3. Put it together! Amines Contains the functional group –NH2, -NHR or –NRR’ **Note that “R” refers to any alkyl group. R’ simply means a second alkyl group. Like alcohols, amines can be primary, secondary or tertiary, but the me ...
Grant MacEwan College - Faculty Web Pages
... Description: This is the second course in organic chemistry. The topics covered include structural and chemical properties of alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aromatic compounds. Aldehyde, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid derivatives. Illustration of these functiona ...
... Description: This is the second course in organic chemistry. The topics covered include structural and chemical properties of alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aromatic compounds. Aldehyde, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, and carboxylic acid derivatives. Illustration of these functiona ...
3.2 Synthesis Part 1 Notes - Chemistry Teaching Resources
... Most organic molecules have a mainly hydrocarbon portion to their structures, and as the hydrocarbon chain increases in length the number of London Dispersion forces will increase. As a result, more energy is needed to move the molecules further apart. Branched molecules tend to be more compact and ...
... Most organic molecules have a mainly hydrocarbon portion to their structures, and as the hydrocarbon chain increases in length the number of London Dispersion forces will increase. As a result, more energy is needed to move the molecules further apart. Branched molecules tend to be more compact and ...
Chapter 12 Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds: Oxidation
... Solved Problem: Synthesize the following compound using an alcohol of not more than 4 carbons as the only organic starting material ...
... Solved Problem: Synthesize the following compound using an alcohol of not more than 4 carbons as the only organic starting material ...
Chapter 1-
... Solved Problem: Synthesize the following compound using an alcohol of not more than 4 carbons as the only organic starting material ...
... Solved Problem: Synthesize the following compound using an alcohol of not more than 4 carbons as the only organic starting material ...
Benzoic Acid
... which the appropriate ester of monochloroacetic acid is reacted with dichlorophenol to form the 2,4-D ester (Canada, NRC, 1978). ...
... which the appropriate ester of monochloroacetic acid is reacted with dichlorophenol to form the 2,4-D ester (Canada, NRC, 1978). ...
Catalytic Enantioselective Dibromination of Allylic Alcohols
... yields in most cases were moderate, diastereomeric dibromide products were not observed; starting material and malonate− alcohol transesterification products composed the majority of the remaining material. In the case of a p-vinyl substrate (entry 11), dibromination at the terminal olefin was not obs ...
... yields in most cases were moderate, diastereomeric dibromide products were not observed; starting material and malonate− alcohol transesterification products composed the majority of the remaining material. In the case of a p-vinyl substrate (entry 11), dibromination at the terminal olefin was not obs ...
Reactions of alcohols
... • Lucas reagent, HCl/ZnCl2 The first three also react with carboxylic acids to form acyl chlorides, while Lucas reagent only reacts with alcohols. ...
... • Lucas reagent, HCl/ZnCl2 The first three also react with carboxylic acids to form acyl chlorides, while Lucas reagent only reacts with alcohols. ...
POLYMERS
... A polyester may be formed by the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol. The reactants are heated together at temperatures up to 180oC, often in the presence of a titanium-containing catalyst. Water is released during the reaction. If the methyl ester of the dicarboxylic acid is used, there is l ...
... A polyester may be formed by the reaction of a dicarboxylic acid and a diol. The reactants are heated together at temperatures up to 180oC, often in the presence of a titanium-containing catalyst. Water is released during the reaction. If the methyl ester of the dicarboxylic acid is used, there is l ...
Chapter 8 Alkenes and Alkynes II: Addition Reactions Alkenes are
... unsymmetrical reagent to a double bond, the positive portion of the adding reagent attaches itself to a carbon atom of the double bond so as to yield the more stable carbocation as an intermediate Regioselective Reaction: When a reaction that can potentially yield two ...
... unsymmetrical reagent to a double bond, the positive portion of the adding reagent attaches itself to a carbon atom of the double bond so as to yield the more stable carbocation as an intermediate Regioselective Reaction: When a reaction that can potentially yield two ...
Petasis reaction
The Petasis reaction (alternatively called the Petasis borono–Mannich (PBM) reaction) is the chemical reaction of an amine, aldehyde, and vinyl- or aryl-boronic acid to form substituted amines.Reported in 1993 by Nicos Petasis as a practical method towards the synthesis of a geometrically pure antifungal agent, naftifine, the Petasis reaction can be described as a variation of the Mannich reaction. Rather than generating an enolate to form the substituted amine product, in the Petasis reaction, the vinyl group of the organoboronic acid serves as the nucleophile. In comparison to other methods of generating allyl amines, the Petasis reaction tolerates a multifunctional scaffold, with a variety of amines and organoboronic acids as potential starting materials. Additionally, the reaction does not require anhydrous or inert conditions. As a mild, selective synthesis, the Petasis reaction is useful in generating α-amino acids, and is utilized in combinatorial chemistry and drug discovery.