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Community-acquired MRSA
Community-acquired MRSA

... late 1990s in individuals of Pacific Islander background; the same clone had previously caused an epidemic in Pacific Islander communities in New Zealand. For some time after their appearance, cases in individuals from other ethnic backgrounds were unusual, however subsequent dissemination of these ...
Diagnostic Dilemma in a 70-Year-Old Man with Fever and Air
Diagnostic Dilemma in a 70-Year-Old Man with Fever and Air

... no signs of compression of the surrounding lung. Infected bullae are frequently confused with a pulmonary abscess. Bullae are characteristically thin wall and are a more common in the upper zone. The finding of fluid-containing emphysematous bullae is underreported complication of bullous lung disea ...
Avian Influenza Training Facilitator Guide
Avian Influenza Training Facilitator Guide

... reporting of control measures put in place, through the normal reporting channels (i.e., from local public health to state authority to CDC). This information dictates which pandemic phase the country is in, so it will also be shared with WHO. If the outbreak occurs during flu season, characterize h ...
Disease Transmission and Infection Prevention
Disease Transmission and Infection Prevention

... FIG. 19-2  Pathogens can be transferred from staff to patient, patient to staff, and patient to patient through contaminated ...
Guidelines for the prevention and management of community
Guidelines for the prevention and management of community

... A dramatic increase in the rate of methicillin resistance among community isolates of S aureus has recently been observed in the US (4). CA-MRSA has emerged as the dominant pathogen in some communities in the US, with a prevalence as high as 75% of all S aureus isolates (1). These CA strains are gen ...
The evolution of transmission mode
The evolution of transmission mode

... sexual transmission has also been documented in experimental studies (Dass, et al. 201123; (Arantes, et al. 2009)24;)s ; Wanderley, et al. 201325). Another example is Rift Valley fever virus which spreads among livestock through mosquitoes bites but can also be transmitted vertically (Antonis, et a ...
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for 2009 Influenza A(H1N1
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for 2009 Influenza A(H1N1

... Investigators of the ANZ ECMO Influenza Investigators are listed at the end of this article. ...
Infection Control Guidelines for Funeral Directors
Infection Control Guidelines for Funeral Directors

... across. They are susceptible to a greater or lesser extent to antibiotics. Viruses - are much smaller than bacteria and although they may survive outside the body for a time they can only grow inside cells of the body. Viruses are not susceptible to antibiotics, but there are a few anti-viral drugs ...
Public Health Emergency Response
Public Health Emergency Response

... officials (e.g., mayors, governors, county executives, emergency managers) and first responders (e.g., police, fire, EMS) with information on the public health response to emergencies. This publication is also available online at http://www.hhs.gov/emergency. The Office of the Assistant Secretary fo ...
White Paper
White Paper

... The Equine Diseases Forum was conducted Jan. 19-21, 2016, in Denver, CO. The forum was a first-time event that brought together eighty-six (86) equine industry professionals, including equine organization leaders, veterinarians, representatives of equine health care companies and regulatory animal h ...
Document
Document

... C. tetani can live for years as spores in animal feces and soil. As soon as it enters the human body through a major or minor wound and the conditions are anaerobic, the spores germinate and release the toxins. ...
Anthracosis of the Lungs: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations
Anthracosis of the Lungs: Etiology, Clinical Manifestations

... pathology such as TB or cancer is usually distinct from BAF histopathology (37, 49). These findings are completely distinct from the histopathological findings of COPD as the most important clinical differential diagnosis of BAF. ...
GRIPE learning objectives for general pathology
GRIPE learning objectives for general pathology

... o relative age and sex frequency o effects of medical care and age on incidence and mortality 40. For both males and females, list in descending order: • the five most common cancers • the five most common causes of cancer death 41. List the relative incidence of, and mortality due to, cancer for ea ...
A comparison of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella
A comparison of herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella

... to be unravelled. In both cases latent viral DNA exists in an ‘end-less’ state where the ends of the virus genome are joined to form structures consistent with unit length episomes and concatemers, from which viral gene transcription is restricted. In latently infected ganglia, the most abundantly d ...
Q Fever Endocarditis in Queensland
Q Fever Endocarditis in Queensland

... laboratory clue that confirms the suspicion of Q fever endocarditis. In our laboratory all but one patient who have ever shown a Phase I titre of 1:256 or greater have eventually been shown to have Q fever endocarditis. The one exception is still being followed. In the symptomatic stage only four pa ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... stranded DNA or RNA viruses. At least 99% inactivation of all 5 viruses was obtained with 1 g/liter of either ferric or cupric ions” Sagripanti US FDA 1993 ● HIV-1 virus was inactivated by either ferric or cupric ions when the ...
Changes in the Age Distribution of Mortality over the Twentieth
Changes in the Age Distribution of Mortality over the Twentieth

... distribution of mortality decline has not. We start off the paper by highlighting a basic fact about mortality declines in the past century: Mortality reduction used to be concentrated at younger ages but is increasingly concentrated among the aged. In the first four decades of the century, 80 percen ...
CDC Ebola Key Messages
CDC Ebola Key Messages

... Ebola infection. The man had been in a hospital since arriving at the Lagos airport from Liberia. o Sierra Leone reported 1026 cases, including 422 fatalities The death rate in some Ebola outbreaks has been as high as 90% (9 in 10). In this outbreak it is currently averaging around 55%-60% (1 in 2). ...
Viral Diseases in Zebrafish: What Is Known and Unknown
Viral Diseases in Zebrafish: What Is Known and Unknown

... occurring pathogens in zebrafish used for biomedical research lags far behind the information available for both aquaculture fishes and mammalian laboratory species. In fact, few naturally occurring zebrafish pathogens of any kind have been well characterized. Most of the pathogens that are known re ...
MRSA: Myths and Reality
MRSA: Myths and Reality

... now compared with 10 or 20 years ago, but far more common are simple skin infections caused by MRSA, and the vast majority of these do not progress to serious illnesses. My grandmother was in a nursing home and died of MRSA. Now my child’s friend had a skin infection caused by MRSA – is this the sam ...
Non-Communicable Diseases Watch Volume 3 Number 10 (Oct 2010)
Non-Communicable Diseases Watch Volume 3 Number 10 (Oct 2010)

... reversed. It is a major cause of mortality and morbidity throughout the world. According to 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) estimates, as many as 210 million people around the world have the disease. In 2005, over 3 million people died of COPD, representing 5% of all deaths globally in that yea ...
stochastic epidemic models for populations with social structures
stochastic epidemic models for populations with social structures

... In this thesis I have studied the spread of infection diseases within populations. In reality, populations contain many social structures. The degree of intimacy of a contact has a strong influence on the rate of transmission. This has inspired the construction of two mathematical models which take ...
Abstract
Abstract

... occurring pathogens in zebrafish used for biomedical research lags far behind the information available for both aquaculture fishes and mammalian laboratory species. In fact, few naturally occurring zebrafish pathogens of any kind have been well characterized. Most of the pathogens that are known re ...
European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases/European
European Society for Paediatric Infectious Diseases/European

... children worldwide. By the age of 5 years, almost all children will have experienced at least 1 RV infection, with or without evidence of gastroenteritis symptoms. It is estimated that 1 in 5 cases globally will present to a doctor and 1 in 65 will require hospitalisation (1,2). Furthermore, the lat ...
methicillin-resistant staphyloccus aureus infections
methicillin-resistant staphyloccus aureus infections

... Learning Break: Respiratory infections with MRSA are relatively common in hospitals, but pneumonia caused by community-acquired infection with MRSA is not very common. The skin infections are the most common, and there are many different types of skin infections that can be caused by MRSA. The most ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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