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Managing meningitis
Managing meningitis

... drops of fluid from the throat and nose of someone who is infected. This could be a person with either meningitis or, more likely, the common infection caused by that germ, e.g. pneumonia. It is also important to recognise that many people are ‘carriers’ of an organism but don’t have signs of infect ...
Escherichia coli and mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm
Escherichia coli and mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm

... patients who have not yet developed an aneurysm. It usually affects patients with prior atherosclerotic disease with or without infective endocarditis[1]. A number of other predisposing factors have been described such as arterial trauma, local infection, impaired immunity, cancer, diabetes, alcohol ...
Transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human
Transmission of hepatitis B, hepatitis C and human

... model does not include such a variable, instead we simply introduced P(u) as the probability that an injection is unsafe, and considered each injection individually. This allowed us to make our final estimates based on the proportion of injections that are unsafe, a parameter that we can support wit ...
HuMan bItE InjurIEs, salIva and transMIssIon of bloodbornE vIrusEs
HuMan bItE InjurIEs, salIva and transMIssIon of bloodbornE vIrusEs

... HBV vaccination should be advised for an unvaccinated recipient following a percutaneous or mucous membrane exposure to saliva from a source who is HBV infected or high-risk but of unknown sero-status (see appendix 8). HBIG may also be indicated, depending on the risk assessment, but generally only ...
Francisella tularensis
Francisella tularensis

IV. PRINCIPALS OF BIOSAFETY A. Containment The term
IV. PRINCIPALS OF BIOSAFETY A. Containment The term

... As the risk for aerosol transmission increases, higher levels of primary containment and multiple  secondary barriers may become necessary to prevent infectious agents from escaping into the  environment. Such design features could include specialized ventilation systems to assure  directional airfl ...
Preventing hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus infection
Preventing hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus infection

... Challenges of identifying the children at highest risk CHD and CLD Higher rates and durations of hospitalization and more intensive care unit admissions occur in RSV-infected children with CHD or CLD compared with healthy term infants. A common recommendation has been to offer palivizumab to childre ...
Respiratory Syncytial Virus - the Alliance for Patient Access
Respiratory Syncytial Virus - the Alliance for Patient Access

... (RSV) is a contagious seasonal virus that causes infections in the respiratory system. ...
Investigation of Contacts of Persons with Infectious Tuberculosis, 2005
Investigation of Contacts of Persons with Infectious Tuberculosis, 2005

... Unexpectedly high rate of infection or TB disease in high priority contacts (e.g. 10% or at least twice the rate of a similar population without recent exposure, whichever is greater) Evidence of secondary transmission TB disease in any contact who had been assigned a low priority Infection of c ...
Clinical Manifestations of HIV2
Clinical Manifestations of HIV2

... • Over half of new infections are among African-Americans, and 30% of new infections are in women • MSM 42%, IDU 25%, heterosexuals 33% ...
Alzheimer`s Disease and the Conflict between Ethics, Morality and
Alzheimer`s Disease and the Conflict between Ethics, Morality and

... her interaction with the other members of the “society of persons”. This surrounding society decisively contributes to the constitution of the new person from the outside. The process of learning a particular language and the process of internalizing the customs of a given society play a cardinal ro ...
Trimble_washington_0250O_15466
Trimble_washington_0250O_15466

... medical treatment are referred to Alaska Native Medical Center board-certified neurologists, Drs. Brian Trimble and Scot Hines. Treatment occurs either in Anchorage or during periodic visits to the regional hospitals/clinics, and these patients are assigned a diagnosis of parkinsonism in the electro ...
4 ijmsci - Valley International Journals
4 ijmsci - Valley International Journals

... was coined by Bateman1 as early as nineteenth century. These bodies were later named as Henderson Paterson Bodies. 2 It is a large doublestranded DNA virus that replicates in the cytoplasm of host epithelial cells. The typical sites ...
What is Polio? Poliomyelitis is highly infectious and affects the
What is Polio? Poliomyelitis is highly infectious and affects the

... bowel function. Paralysis may improve over six months but some people are left with long term disabilities. The ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... Not only are poor people and their livestock more at risk of contracting a range of zoonoses, once infected, it is the poor that are least likely to have access to health services and hence get appropriate medical or veterinary care. The Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are highly debilitating dis ...
The Feasibility of Gamma Irradiation for
The Feasibility of Gamma Irradiation for

... human in the world. As a whole, it is estimated that 500 million people are infected with the disease. This parasitic disease kills 2.7 million people across the world each year. In the past more than one-third of the total world populations were exposed to malaria infection and at least half the pe ...
An Update on Celiac Disease Histopathology and the Road Ahead
An Update on Celiac Disease Histopathology and the Road Ahead

... anti-gliadin IgA antibodies are considered to be the first autoantibodies to appear after intestinal exposure to a gluten-containing diet.54 Numerous assays have been developed to detect IgA and IgG antibodies directed against tTGA and EMA, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) to qu ...
New Treatment Policy of Malaria as a Part of Malaria Control
New Treatment Policy of Malaria as a Part of Malaria Control

... is always proper communication between each health facility i.e hospitals, private practices, or other facility with the DHO on drug supply mechanism. ...
Common sense, proper training and sound reasoning
Common sense, proper training and sound reasoning

... fashion as far as clinical symptoms are concerned and finally mostly occurred in epidemic form. The result was an implicit division of infectious vs. inherited disease. In chronic illnesses, where a hereditary factor could be identified, the role of microorganisms was usually not considered. Ewald’s ...
Emerging Pathogens in Meat and Poultry
Emerging Pathogens in Meat and Poultry

... •• Foodborne pathogens affecting susceptible subgroups of the population that are growing in size. •• Previously unknown pathogens with suspected, but not yet established, transmission through meat and poultry. •• Pathogens common in other parts of the world that may present a future emergence threa ...
English version_download
English version_download

... Rabies virus, as every virus, cannot replicate by itself in the outside environment, such as organic matter, soil, water, etc ... (it is different from most bacteria). It must enter a living mammalian cell and then utilises this cell to be replicated. The Rabies virus, which cannot replicate without ...
Adult Immunodeficiency - UNC School of Medicine
Adult Immunodeficiency - UNC School of Medicine

... levels in patients with recurrent infections is unclear A low level of at least 1 IgG subclass has been found in approximately 2% of a given population, and Impaired antibody production may not be seen among adult patients with IgG3 subclass deficiency A low level of 1 or more IgG subclasses alone i ...
1. Concrete aims
1. Concrete aims

... 2.Conditions that alter vascularity of bone include therapeutic irradiation, osteoporosis, Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, bone malignancy, metallic bone necrosis (caused by mercury, bismuth, and arsenic). An intrinsic and extrinsic vascular component has a more profound influence, both in onset ...
May 2006
May 2006

... may vary from normal to very low. In the past, it was believed that women who were heterozygotes were carriers and would not have Fabry related health problems. We now know that women can and do have symptoms of Fabry disease. In some cases, their health problems are as severe as those of their male ...
Infection Prevention
Infection Prevention

... (infectious agent) is carried into the air from the person’s nose or mouth (portal of exit). Chain of Infection: Susceptible Hosts A susceptible host is a person who lacks the ability to resist the invasion of an infectious agent. Susceptibility of the host increases in the presence of certain facto ...
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Pandemic



A pandemic (from Greek πᾶν pan ""all"" and δῆμος demos ""people"") is an epidemic of infectious disease that has spread through human populations across a large region; for instance multiple continents, or even worldwide. A widespread endemic disease that is stable in terms of how many people are getting sick from it is not a pandemic. Further, flu pandemics generally exclude recurrences of seasonal flu. Throughout history there have been a number of pandemics, such as smallpox and tuberculosis. More recent pandemics include the HIV pandemic as well as the 1918 and 2009 H1N1 pandemics. The Black Death was a devastating pandemic, killing over 75 million people.
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