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202.Learning Theories Summary
202.Learning Theories Summary

... ?banking? concept of education, in which ?knowledge is a gift bestowed by those who consider themselves knowledgeable upon those whom they consider to know nothing,? Freire instead asserts that ?education must begin with the solution of the teacher-student contradiction, by reconciling the poles of ...
Social Science and Life on the Move: Reflexive Considera
Social Science and Life on the Move: Reflexive Considera

... the emergent outcomes of complex, uncertain, and heterogenous processes of social construction (or interested local interaction and negotiation), as well as of an immense variety of cognitivepolitical maneuvers within the wider field of academia. Science and genetic knowledge, in particular, must no ...
Cognitive Science Page of 3 Cognitive Science Professor Peter
Cognitive Science Page of 3 Cognitive Science Professor Peter

... Office hours: M noon-1; F noon-1 and by appointment ...
컴퓨터과학 입문 An Introduction to Computer Science.
컴퓨터과학 입문 An Introduction to Computer Science.

... – understand the notion of an agent, how agents are distinct from other software paradigms (e.g., objects), and understand the characteristics of applications that lend themselves to an agentoriented solution; – understand the key issues associated with constructing agents capable of intelligent aut ...
Epistemology, introduction
Epistemology, introduction

... coherence among the different pieces of knowledge. Constructions that are inconsistent with the bulk of other knowledge that the individual has will tend to be rejected. Constructions that succeed in integrating previously incoherent pieces of knowledge will be maintained. The second, to be called s ...
Rethinking Language, Mind, and World Dialogically: Interactional
Rethinking Language, Mind, and World Dialogically: Interactional

... societal discourses, artefacts, institutions, minds, selves and narratives. With this situated approach to dialogism, Linell proceeds to systematically ‘rethink’ key concepts such as meaning, grammar, brains, minds, and selves. For example, meaning and grammar are shown to be situationally dependent ...
The Philosophical Approach: Enduring Questions
The Philosophical Approach: Enduring Questions

... According to compatibilism human actions are preceded by causes but these constrain rather than determine our behavior. Incompatibilism states that we cannot be truly free of preceding causal events. Determinism and free will can therefore not both be true. ...
Mirror neurons: A sensorimotor representation system
Mirror neurons: A sensorimotor representation system

... contingencies that are jointly determined by the visual apparatus and the visual attributes of objects. The idea that perception is a grand illusion and that the external world represents itself is an attractive one – but there are still some issues with respect to experiential perception and the vi ...
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... “I set the date for the Singularityrepresenting a profound and disruptive transformation in human capability- as 2045. The nonbiological intelligence created in that year will be one billion times more powerful than all human intelligence ...
Approaches to Learning
Approaches to Learning

... Billy has not suffered any physical damage from repeated volleyballs to the head). He now refuses to play volleyball after one disastrous game (needless to say he was not very good at it with all the blinking) What has happened to poor Billy? How would you try to fix his problem and what is the term ...
Where do we go from here? Developing a conceptual paradigm for
Where do we go from here? Developing a conceptual paradigm for

... change a situation … … the emphasis is on our ability to change behaviour: Action-oriented approach ...
Cognitive
Cognitive

... person . When we behave in certain ways or change our knowledge about the world in response to visual input , what guides our behavior or thought is rarely some simple physical property of the input such as overall brightness or contrast . ...
Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life - UTK-EECS
Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life - UTK-EECS

... handling large amounts of data precisely ...
Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life
Trends in Artificial Intelligence and Artificial Life

... handling large amounts of data precisely ...
Study guides for Huffman`s chapters 1 and 2
Study guides for Huffman`s chapters 1 and 2

... 7. Describe how punishment can result in increased aggression, avoidance behavior, modeling and learned helplessness. 8. Describe how superstitions can be learned by means of operant conditioning. 9. What characterizes observational learning? (Modeling is another word for observational learning). De ...
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Plato, knowledge and virtue
Plato, knowledge and virtue

... • Just as sun is the source of light and the source of sight, the Form of the Good ‘gives the objects of knowledge [the Forms] their truth and the knower’s mind the power of knowing’ (508a). • Just as the sun is cause of growth, the Form of the Good is the source of the very being of knowable object ...
brain
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... • Smell is also a chemical sense • Olfactory receptors in upper nasal passages detect molecules in the air • Odor molecules come in many shapes and sizes, so we have many different receptors to detect them • Some odors trigger a combination of receptors in patterns that are interpreted by the olfact ...
EXAMINATION REVISION GUIDE FIRST: READ THE UNIT
EXAMINATION REVISION GUIDE FIRST: READ THE UNIT

... the majority of behaviour is learned from the environment after birth.  Psychology should investigate the laws and products of learning.  Behaviour is determined by the environment, since we are the total of all our past learning experiences, free will is an illusion.  Only observable behaviours ...
Week 6 Unit 6: The Health Education Process: Teaching is a
Week 6 Unit 6: The Health Education Process: Teaching is a

... Pavlov conditioned a dog to anticipate food by ringing a bell at feeding time. Initially, the dog would salivate as the food was brought to the cage. However, after time, the dog would salivate at hearing the bell, before seeing or smelling the food. 2. Cognitive Learning Theories: Piaget (1966, 197 ...
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... Finally, at 3:50 A.M., the police received a phone call from a neighbour of Genovese's . In two minutes they were on the scene. ...
Paper version
Paper version

... consciousness sets us apart from the natural, physical world. People are so complex that we cannot generalize about them; every individual is unique. We can never completely understand a person. We choose our own behavior; it isn’t determined by anything, and therefore we should accept responsibilit ...
foundations - Computer Science Department
foundations - Computer Science Department

... (Newell and Simon): the necessary and sufficient condition for a physical system to exhibit intelligence is that it be a physical symbol system • Natural language is an example of a ...
At the root of embodied cognition: Cognitive science meets
At the root of embodied cognition: Cognitive science meets

... first generation of cognitive science coupled the computational metaphor of cognitive processes as softwareindependent of cerebral hardware- with an abstract conception of reason, which, in a Cartesian way, was considered as being independent from the body and its activity. Conversely, the central po ...
Classical Conditioning
Classical Conditioning

... experiments with a dog & a objective science based on bell is when the scientific observable behavior concept of classical – Behaviorism conditioning was born – Psychology should study • Laid the foundation for the mental processes & that John B. Watson ideas classical conditioning is a – To study h ...
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Enactivism

Enactivism argues that cognition arises through a dynamic interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that our environment is one which we selectively create through our capacities to interact with the world. ""Organisms do not passively receive information from their environments, which they then translate into internal representations. Natural cognitive systems...participate in the generation of meaning ...engaging in transformational and not merely informational interactions: they enact a world."" These authors suggest that the increasing emphasis upon enactive terminology presages a new era in thinking about cognitive science. How the actions involved in enactivism relate to age-old questions about free will remains a topic of active debate.The term 'enactivism' is close in meaning to 'enaction', defined as ""the manner in which a subject of perception creatively matches its actions to the requirements of its situation"". The introduction of the term enaction in this context is attributed to Francisco Varela, Evan Thompson, and Eleanor Rosch, who proposed the name to ""emphasize the growing conviction that cognition is not the representation of a pre-given world by a pre-given mind but is rather the enactment of a world and a mind on the basis of a history of the variety of actions that a being in the world performs"". This was further developed by Thompson and others, to place emphasis upon the idea that experience of the world is a result of mutual interaction between the sensorimotor capacities of the organism and its environment.The initial emphasis of enactivism upon sensorimotor skills has been criticized as ""cognitively marginal"", but it has been extended to apply to higher level cognitive activities, such as social interactions. ""In the enactive view,... knowledge is constructed: it is constructed by an agent through its sensorimotor interactions with its environment, co-constructed between and within living species through their meaningful interaction with each other. In its most abstract form, knowledge is co-constructed between human individuals in socio-linguistic interactions...Science is a particular form of social knowledge construction...[that] allows us to perceive and predict events beyond our immediate cognitive grasp...and also to construct further, even more powerful scientific knowledge.""Enactivism is closely related to situated cognition and embodied cognition, and is presented as an alternative to cognitivism, computationalism, and Cartesian dualism.
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