A direct quantitative relationship between the functional properties of
... single neurons12. A quantitative appreciation of the relationship between single-neuron activity and population responses measured using fMRI remains elusive. One innovative recent experiment showed that an opponent motion stimulus elicits similar aggregate multi-neuron responses in macaque V5 and B ...
... single neurons12. A quantitative appreciation of the relationship between single-neuron activity and population responses measured using fMRI remains elusive. One innovative recent experiment showed that an opponent motion stimulus elicits similar aggregate multi-neuron responses in macaque V5 and B ...
Functional Anatomy, Physiology and Clinical Aspects of Basal Ganglia
... of behaviours after making a mistake (ibid.). The damage of this circuit results in emotional disorders especially deep apathy and lack of spontaneity. Lowered mood is accompanied by weakening of affect and motor adynamy (ibid.). On the basis of a pattern of basal ganglia connections, being a part o ...
... of behaviours after making a mistake (ibid.). The damage of this circuit results in emotional disorders especially deep apathy and lack of spontaneity. Lowered mood is accompanied by weakening of affect and motor adynamy (ibid.). On the basis of a pattern of basal ganglia connections, being a part o ...
Review of "Evolution of the Brain: Creation of the Self" by John Eccles
... (HS). The second story starts after the first ends, that is, after the brain of HS had arrived; it's the story of how we became - to use Eccles' phrase - human persons: incorporeal creatures able to control, and have experience through, human bodies. The first story is in many ways told from the poi ...
... (HS). The second story starts after the first ends, that is, after the brain of HS had arrived; it's the story of how we became - to use Eccles' phrase - human persons: incorporeal creatures able to control, and have experience through, human bodies. The first story is in many ways told from the poi ...
CATEGORIES IN THE PIGEON BRAIN - Ruhr-Universität
... The subjects were three adult homing pigeons (Columba livia) obtained from local breeders that had previously participated in unrelated experiments. They were housed in individual wire-mesh cages with a 12 to 12 lightdark cycle beginning at 08.00 hr. They were food-deprived and maintained at 80-90% ...
... The subjects were three adult homing pigeons (Columba livia) obtained from local breeders that had previously participated in unrelated experiments. They were housed in individual wire-mesh cages with a 12 to 12 lightdark cycle beginning at 08.00 hr. They were food-deprived and maintained at 80-90% ...
The Effects of Local Fetal Brain Extract Administration
... The goal of this research was to examine the effects of FBE on recuperation of motor function in the early phase of regeneration. On the base of electromyographical records, the delay time (conduction velocity) was measured on different post-operation days (Table 1). This parameter was used to evalu ...
... The goal of this research was to examine the effects of FBE on recuperation of motor function in the early phase of regeneration. On the base of electromyographical records, the delay time (conduction velocity) was measured on different post-operation days (Table 1). This parameter was used to evalu ...
An ultra small array of electrodes for stimulating multiple
... et al., 2003) to stimulate neural fibers. However, limitations on electrode densities have restricted the study of neighboring synapses on an individual neuron. The technique of focal photolysis of caged glutamate offers a high degree of control over the spatiotemporal characteristics of stimuli to ...
... et al., 2003) to stimulate neural fibers. However, limitations on electrode densities have restricted the study of neighboring synapses on an individual neuron. The technique of focal photolysis of caged glutamate offers a high degree of control over the spatiotemporal characteristics of stimuli to ...
12 - PHSchool.com
... produce the major structures of the adult brain (Figure 12.2d). The greatest change occurs in the telencephalon, which sprouts two lateral swellings that look like Mickey Mouse’s ears. These become the two cerebral hemispheres, referred to collectively as the cerebrum (serĕ-brum). The diencephalon ...
... produce the major structures of the adult brain (Figure 12.2d). The greatest change occurs in the telencephalon, which sprouts two lateral swellings that look like Mickey Mouse’s ears. These become the two cerebral hemispheres, referred to collectively as the cerebrum (serĕ-brum). The diencephalon ...
Reflexive Monism final version December 2007
... these, and related ideas only lasted a few days. What changed? While human consciousness might or might not be related to the brain’s magnetic field, it seemed obvious, on reflection, that I was not consciously aware of different parts of my brain, let alone how they communicate with one another. Gi ...
... these, and related ideas only lasted a few days. What changed? While human consciousness might or might not be related to the brain’s magnetic field, it seemed obvious, on reflection, that I was not consciously aware of different parts of my brain, let alone how they communicate with one another. Gi ...
SHORT COMMUNICATION Localization of a vocal pattern generator
... before and during vocalization; none of them was active during mastication, swallowing or quiet respiration. Furthermore, the neuronal activity of these neurons reflected acoustic features, such as call duration or syllable structure of frequency-modulated vocalization, directly. Based on these find ...
... before and during vocalization; none of them was active during mastication, swallowing or quiet respiration. Furthermore, the neuronal activity of these neurons reflected acoustic features, such as call duration or syllable structure of frequency-modulated vocalization, directly. Based on these find ...
The endocannabinoid system
... ental illness comes in many shapes and with many causes. There are also an endless number of medicines to treat mental illness. They all come with side effects, which in some cases can be so severe that taking them is just as unpleasant as not taking them. In the brain it’s all about chemistry, and ...
... ental illness comes in many shapes and with many causes. There are also an endless number of medicines to treat mental illness. They all come with side effects, which in some cases can be so severe that taking them is just as unpleasant as not taking them. In the brain it’s all about chemistry, and ...
Mental state inference using visual control parameters
... state inference was the emphasis, mental simulation mechanisms can also play an important role in motor planning as suggested by the Prospective Action Model (PAM) in which movement alternatives are simulated and evaluated to determine the most biomechanically efficient movement for execution [45,48 ...
... state inference was the emphasis, mental simulation mechanisms can also play an important role in motor planning as suggested by the Prospective Action Model (PAM) in which movement alternatives are simulated and evaluated to determine the most biomechanically efficient movement for execution [45,48 ...
Olfactory processing: maps, time and codes Gilles Laurent
... than stimulus encoding. Modelling studies of visual cortex development indicate that maps of ocular dominance and orientation preference can be obtained by using a simple Hebbian rule (which bears no obvious relation to the coding principles underlying vision, but rather imposes that ‘connections be ...
... than stimulus encoding. Modelling studies of visual cortex development indicate that maps of ocular dominance and orientation preference can be obtained by using a simple Hebbian rule (which bears no obvious relation to the coding principles underlying vision, but rather imposes that ‘connections be ...
Neuronal circuitries involved in thermoregulation
... cortex (Barker and Carpenter, 1970). Despite numerous single-unit studies in the 1960s and after then (Boulant, 1980; Nakayama, 1985; Hori, 1991), the neurons playing a role in thermoregulation have not been clearly indentified. On the other hand, to explain signal processing for thermoregulation in ...
... cortex (Barker and Carpenter, 1970). Despite numerous single-unit studies in the 1960s and after then (Boulant, 1980; Nakayama, 1985; Hori, 1991), the neurons playing a role in thermoregulation have not been clearly indentified. On the other hand, to explain signal processing for thermoregulation in ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Central Nervous System (CNS) III. ...
... CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Central Nervous System (CNS) III. ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... of thought hypothesis that postulates a universal cerebellar transform, in which the cerebellum performs its unique computation in a topographically precise manner on diverse streams of information relating to almost all aspects of behavior including cognition and emotion. It provides an anatomic ba ...
... of thought hypothesis that postulates a universal cerebellar transform, in which the cerebellum performs its unique computation in a topographically precise manner on diverse streams of information relating to almost all aspects of behavior including cognition and emotion. It provides an anatomic ba ...
Localization of Glycine Neurotransmitter Transporter (GLYT2
... with avertin and perfused with a 20-ml solution containing 0.9% NaCl . Then they were perfused with a solution containing 0.9% NaC1, 4% paraformaldehyde, and 0.5% zinc salicylate, pH 6.5 (1 ml/g of body weight) . Alternatively, the perfusion was performed with PBS and subsequently with a solution co ...
... with avertin and perfused with a 20-ml solution containing 0.9% NaCl . Then they were perfused with a solution containing 0.9% NaC1, 4% paraformaldehyde, and 0.5% zinc salicylate, pH 6.5 (1 ml/g of body weight) . Alternatively, the perfusion was performed with PBS and subsequently with a solution co ...
REVIEW Reticular formation and spinal cord injury
... of coordinating and modulating functions of the autonomic and endocrine systems, emotion, memory and nociception. Its neurons project to spinal cord through magnocellular zone of pons and medulla. Recent studies have shown that they might also send signals directly to the spinal cord. Of these pathw ...
... of coordinating and modulating functions of the autonomic and endocrine systems, emotion, memory and nociception. Its neurons project to spinal cord through magnocellular zone of pons and medulla. Recent studies have shown that they might also send signals directly to the spinal cord. Of these pathw ...
NIH Public Access
... Introduction Vitamin E is a generic term for tocopherols and tocotrienols 1. Compared to tocopherols, tocotrienols have been poorly studied 2-4. The current work is based on our striking evidence that in neuronal cells nmol/L concentrations of α-tocotrienol, but not α-tocopherol, blocked glutamate-i ...
... Introduction Vitamin E is a generic term for tocopherols and tocotrienols 1. Compared to tocopherols, tocotrienols have been poorly studied 2-4. The current work is based on our striking evidence that in neuronal cells nmol/L concentrations of α-tocotrienol, but not α-tocopherol, blocked glutamate-i ...
Changes in Resting State Effective Connectivity in the Motor
... indicating how strongly each region is correlated with the seed region. Seed analyses have been used widely in the functional connectivity literature, for example, to dissociate activity of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas during overt speech, silent speech, and tongue movement.8 Seed analyses are by na ...
... indicating how strongly each region is correlated with the seed region. Seed analyses have been used widely in the functional connectivity literature, for example, to dissociate activity of Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas during overt speech, silent speech, and tongue movement.8 Seed analyses are by na ...
Cautionary Observations on Preparing and Interpreting Brain
... blotting filters. Though such a difference appears obvious and is universally understood in principle, it is unfortunately also true that not enough care is taken in practice when preparing and interpreting the brain images. This can lead to misinterpretation of otherwise important findings. In this ...
... blotting filters. Though such a difference appears obvious and is universally understood in principle, it is unfortunately also true that not enough care is taken in practice when preparing and interpreting the brain images. This can lead to misinterpretation of otherwise important findings. In this ...
Sample pages PDF
... hypothalamus and its extension, the pituitary gland, causes the visceral manifestations associated with these emotions. These emotional manifestations can be triggered by consciousness, but inversely, physical states can be made conscious thanks in part to the insula. The regulation of these emotion ...
... hypothalamus and its extension, the pituitary gland, causes the visceral manifestations associated with these emotions. These emotional manifestations can be triggered by consciousness, but inversely, physical states can be made conscious thanks in part to the insula. The regulation of these emotion ...
PAPER Glucosensing neurons do more than just sense glucose
... Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, E Orange, and Department of Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA The brain regulates energy homeostasis by balancing energy intake, expenditure and storage. To accomplish this, it has evolved specialized neurons that receive and inte ...
... Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, E Orange, and Department of Neurosciences, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA The brain regulates energy homeostasis by balancing energy intake, expenditure and storage. To accomplish this, it has evolved specialized neurons that receive and inte ...
From sensorimotor learning to memory cells in prefrontal and
... area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articulatory movements and the resultant sounds e that is, primary auditory cortex (AB), auditory belt (PB) and parabelt (PB), and infe ...
... area structure and long-distance connectivity. Sensory (different shades of blue) and motor (shades of red) areas relevant for learning the associations (A) between articulatory movements and the resultant sounds e that is, primary auditory cortex (AB), auditory belt (PB) and parabelt (PB), and infe ...
New Insights on Neural Basis of Choice
... Making decisions is something which humans, but also animals, do more often than one might think. Although making choices sounds like a straight-forward process, the opposite seems to be true. Decision making is a complex neural process involving many aspects such as action and perception, valuation ...
... Making decisions is something which humans, but also animals, do more often than one might think. Although making choices sounds like a straight-forward process, the opposite seems to be true. Decision making is a complex neural process involving many aspects such as action and perception, valuation ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.