Cerebellar Affective Syndrome Expanding Our Thinking About the
... demonstrated deficits in attention, WM, V/S, and cognitive flexibility Studies by Neau (Acta Neurol Scand, 2000) and others showed deficits in EF, spatial cognition, attention, and some language tasks Single case reports have shown pts with right cerebellar infarct develop impairments of linguistic ...
... demonstrated deficits in attention, WM, V/S, and cognitive flexibility Studies by Neau (Acta Neurol Scand, 2000) and others showed deficits in EF, spatial cognition, attention, and some language tasks Single case reports have shown pts with right cerebellar infarct develop impairments of linguistic ...
Chib et al., 2009 - Rangel Neuroeconomics Laboratory
... drinking any liquids, besides water, for 4 h before the experiment. Subjects were also instructed that they would have to remain in the laboratory for 30 min following the experiment, during which time the only thing they would be able to eat was the food purchased in the experiment. This mildly foo ...
... drinking any liquids, besides water, for 4 h before the experiment. Subjects were also instructed that they would have to remain in the laboratory for 30 min following the experiment, during which time the only thing they would be able to eat was the food purchased in the experiment. This mildly foo ...
from ups
... potentials in the recorded cells. Strength-distance relationships were determined for 5 neurones involved in the corticocortical connections between area 17 and 18a wa detailed in vitro study of corticocortical connections, including the localisation of the parts of areas 17 and 18a that were in reg ...
... potentials in the recorded cells. Strength-distance relationships were determined for 5 neurones involved in the corticocortical connections between area 17 and 18a wa detailed in vitro study of corticocortical connections, including the localisation of the parts of areas 17 and 18a that were in reg ...
Use of T2-weighted susceptibility contrast MRI for mapping the
... Rats were anesthetized with a mixture of halothane and air (0.8 ml/min flow rate). Halothane concentration was 4% to establish the anesthesia, 2% during installation of the rat in the NMR probe, 1% for normal rats, and 0.4–0.8% for rats bearing a glioma during MRI experiment. The body temperature of ...
... Rats were anesthetized with a mixture of halothane and air (0.8 ml/min flow rate). Halothane concentration was 4% to establish the anesthesia, 2% during installation of the rat in the NMR probe, 1% for normal rats, and 0.4–0.8% for rats bearing a glioma during MRI experiment. The body temperature of ...
Complexity in Neuronal Networks
... years, until relatively recently most workers studying large cell assemblies in the vertebrate brain, both experimentalists and theoreticians, have continued to assume that circuit dynamics depend exclusively on synaptic connectivity and synaptic strength. This view has changed in the last five year ...
... years, until relatively recently most workers studying large cell assemblies in the vertebrate brain, both experimentalists and theoreticians, have continued to assume that circuit dynamics depend exclusively on synaptic connectivity and synaptic strength. This view has changed in the last five year ...
C. elegans Neurology Supplement - Bio-Rad
... Notwithstanding this relative simplicity, the 302 neurons that make up the C. elegans nervous system mediate highly complex behaviors, including social, mating, and learning behaviors that we typically associate with more complex organisms. In light of this, many researchers have focused their scien ...
... Notwithstanding this relative simplicity, the 302 neurons that make up the C. elegans nervous system mediate highly complex behaviors, including social, mating, and learning behaviors that we typically associate with more complex organisms. In light of this, many researchers have focused their scien ...
How is Epilepsy Diagnosed?
... The brain consists of more than 100 billion nerve cells. These all communicate with one another; some provoke others into sending further messages (excitation), while others tend to block them (inhibition). The proper working of the brain depends on a balance between these: too many nerve cells send ...
... The brain consists of more than 100 billion nerve cells. These all communicate with one another; some provoke others into sending further messages (excitation), while others tend to block them (inhibition). The proper working of the brain depends on a balance between these: too many nerve cells send ...
Long-term use of psychedelic drugs is associated with differences in
... The two-back task involved presentation of a sequence of letters. Participants had to identify if the letter was presented two steps back and make a yes/no decision. The series used comprised 100 items, 30% of which were targets. In the WCST, a pack of 48 cards was presented sequentially on a comput ...
... The two-back task involved presentation of a sequence of letters. Participants had to identify if the letter was presented two steps back and make a yes/no decision. The series used comprised 100 items, 30% of which were targets. In the WCST, a pack of 48 cards was presented sequentially on a comput ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... membrane-bound Achase activity in the frontal cortex of REM sleep-deprived rats (12). In the present study there was no difference in Achase activity in the cerebral cortex. Cholinergic cerebral cortex innervation arises in the basal forebrain neurons (11). The frontal cortex receives its cholinergi ...
... membrane-bound Achase activity in the frontal cortex of REM sleep-deprived rats (12). In the present study there was no difference in Achase activity in the cerebral cortex. Cholinergic cerebral cortex innervation arises in the basal forebrain neurons (11). The frontal cortex receives its cholinergi ...
IN VIVO Research Article SHIVAPRIYA SHIVAKUMAR
... malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) are found in the cortex and hippocampus in AD patients and in the substantial nigra of the PD cases [4-6] Oxidative stress is responsible for wear and tear of the cells and excessive exposure of the cells to these free radicals can cause severe dama ...
... malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) are found in the cortex and hippocampus in AD patients and in the substantial nigra of the PD cases [4-6] Oxidative stress is responsible for wear and tear of the cells and excessive exposure of the cells to these free radicals can cause severe dama ...
Depth Perception
... by springs — anticipating the current interest of physicists in spin glasses as a statistical mechanics analog of neural nets. (cf. §4.3 and Chap. 2 of Hertz, Krogh and Palmer) For the brain theorist the issue was thus raised: "Could the depth map be computed by a cooperative process involving reali ...
... by springs — anticipating the current interest of physicists in spin glasses as a statistical mechanics analog of neural nets. (cf. §4.3 and Chap. 2 of Hertz, Krogh and Palmer) For the brain theorist the issue was thus raised: "Could the depth map be computed by a cooperative process involving reali ...
19 TROCHLEAR NUCLEUS (C.N. IV)
... proper, contains preganglionic parasympathetic (visceromotor) neurons whose axons end in the ciliary ganglion. Short postganglionic parasympathetic axons then pass from the ciliary ganglion to the sphincter pupillae of the iris and the ciliary muscles of the eye (for changing shape of lens in accomm ...
... proper, contains preganglionic parasympathetic (visceromotor) neurons whose axons end in the ciliary ganglion. Short postganglionic parasympathetic axons then pass from the ciliary ganglion to the sphincter pupillae of the iris and the ciliary muscles of the eye (for changing shape of lens in accomm ...
Is the cerebellum involved in learning and cognition?
... of low frequency oscillators whose output varies sinusoidally for the duration of the CS. They propose that these oscillatory patterns may be generated by pre-cerebellar structures or between pre-cerebellar and cerebellar structures. The low frequency property of the oscillators effectively increase ...
... of low frequency oscillators whose output varies sinusoidally for the duration of the CS. They propose that these oscillatory patterns may be generated by pre-cerebellar structures or between pre-cerebellar and cerebellar structures. The low frequency property of the oscillators effectively increase ...
Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions during Learning May Occur by Lactate
... and debate in the field. During the last two decades a large number of studies by many different investigators have been carried out to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Whatever the study and the specific outcome, the intercellular trafficking of lactate was always interpreted as movement of fuel, ...
... and debate in the field. During the last two decades a large number of studies by many different investigators have been carried out to prove or disprove this hypothesis. Whatever the study and the specific outcome, the intercellular trafficking of lactate was always interpreted as movement of fuel, ...
BNG/Briefing 18 - British Society for Neuroendocrinology
... results from the increased activity of a tiny group of specialised nerve cells in the brain. Remarkably, there are less than two thousand of these neurons in the human brain, so only 1 in every 100 million cells in the human brain is concerned with ...
... results from the increased activity of a tiny group of specialised nerve cells in the brain. Remarkably, there are less than two thousand of these neurons in the human brain, so only 1 in every 100 million cells in the human brain is concerned with ...
Dynamic functional reorganization of the motor execution network
... mentioned below to the motor-related and motor-imagery areas reported in Hanakawa et al.’s (2008) study. Notably, from the methodological point of view, this study focused on the functional reorganization on the basis of the changes in topological patterns of coordinated networks, while many previou ...
... mentioned below to the motor-related and motor-imagery areas reported in Hanakawa et al.’s (2008) study. Notably, from the methodological point of view, this study focused on the functional reorganization on the basis of the changes in topological patterns of coordinated networks, while many previou ...
... IEGs is the proto-oncogene c-fos. c-Fos protein possibly acts via a third intracellular messenger regulating the transcription of genes of late expression. This protein forms part of a dimeric DNA-binding protein (activator protein 1 or AP1) which binds to specific sites of the multiple gene promote ...
Glial Signaling Take Home Messages
... Higher transport and metabolism of glucose in astrocytes compared with neurons: a multiphoton study of hippocampal and cerebellar tissue slices P Jakoby, E Schmidt, I Ruminot, R Gutiérrez, LF Barros, JW Deitmer 2013, Cerebral Cortex doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs309 1. Glial cells control energy metabolism ...
... Higher transport and metabolism of glucose in astrocytes compared with neurons: a multiphoton study of hippocampal and cerebellar tissue slices P Jakoby, E Schmidt, I Ruminot, R Gutiérrez, LF Barros, JW Deitmer 2013, Cerebral Cortex doi:10.1093/cercor/bhs309 1. Glial cells control energy metabolism ...
Neurotransmitters
... Follow the Neuron Path For example, if you hold your hand over a hot flame, the information about "heat" travels from your hand on the sensory neurons, to the Interneurons where it is brought to the appropriate brain region to process the information (now you know it is "hot") and make a decision a ...
... Follow the Neuron Path For example, if you hold your hand over a hot flame, the information about "heat" travels from your hand on the sensory neurons, to the Interneurons where it is brought to the appropriate brain region to process the information (now you know it is "hot") and make a decision a ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
... The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred from the functional role of the structures with which it is connected. In general terms, the prefrontal-limbic connections are involved in the control of emotional behavior, whereas the ...
... The precise functional role of the connections of the prefrontal cortex is not entirely known, but can be inferred from the functional role of the structures with which it is connected. In general terms, the prefrontal-limbic connections are involved in the control of emotional behavior, whereas the ...
Strategy-dependent Dissociation of the Neural
... www.FAER.org. Address correspondence to Dr. Mackey: Departments of Anesthesia, Neurosciences and Neurology (by courtesy), Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, Suite 208, Stanford, California 94304. smackey@stanford.edu. This article may be accessed for personal use at no charge th ...
... www.FAER.org. Address correspondence to Dr. Mackey: Departments of Anesthesia, Neurosciences and Neurology (by courtesy), Stanford University School of Medicine, 780 Welch Road, Suite 208, Stanford, California 94304. smackey@stanford.edu. This article may be accessed for personal use at no charge th ...
ATP-Sensitive K+ Channels in the Brain: Sensors of
... the plasma membrane and activating the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, allowing Ca2+ influx to induce exocytosis of insulin. The sulfonylureas used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus also close the KATP channels to stimulate insulin secretion. In heart cells, on the other hand, the decreased cyt ...
... the plasma membrane and activating the voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, allowing Ca2+ influx to induce exocytosis of insulin. The sulfonylureas used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus also close the KATP channels to stimulate insulin secretion. In heart cells, on the other hand, the decreased cyt ...
empathize with fictional characters
... message (Liberman et al. 1967; Liberman and Mattingly 1985; Liberman and Whalen 2000). Mirror neurons, active during both production and perception, seem to provide an excellent neural substrate of such common code. For example, human studies have demonstrated that premotor areas active while we spe ...
... message (Liberman et al. 1967; Liberman and Mattingly 1985; Liberman and Whalen 2000). Mirror neurons, active during both production and perception, seem to provide an excellent neural substrate of such common code. For example, human studies have demonstrated that premotor areas active while we spe ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.