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... neurons that are never seen in normal brains. These new neuronal ‘structures’ reside deep to the cerebral cortex, but apparently distinct from the underlying striatum (Figs 3 and 4), in a region similar to the position normally occupied by the subventricular zone. In some sections, these aggregation ...
... neurons that are never seen in normal brains. These new neuronal ‘structures’ reside deep to the cerebral cortex, but apparently distinct from the underlying striatum (Figs 3 and 4), in a region similar to the position normally occupied by the subventricular zone. In some sections, these aggregation ...
The distributed human neural system for face perception
... regions, usually consistently located in the lateral inferior occipital gyri and the posterior superior temporal sulcus5,6,8,9,13,35 (Fig. 3). The inferior occipital region often abuts the lateral fusiform region ventrally and the superior temporal sulcal region dorsally, which suggests that it may ...
... regions, usually consistently located in the lateral inferior occipital gyri and the posterior superior temporal sulcus5,6,8,9,13,35 (Fig. 3). The inferior occipital region often abuts the lateral fusiform region ventrally and the superior temporal sulcal region dorsally, which suggests that it may ...
The History of the EEG
... coherence values per frequency band. Grand mean values were obtained by averaging amplitude and coherence values across subjects. ...
... coherence values per frequency band. Grand mean values were obtained by averaging amplitude and coherence values across subjects. ...
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... The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c) There are more neurons than glial cells in the nervous system. d) A nerve is best defined as a bundle of axons from different neurons. e) Glial cells serve to support neurons, as well as to form the myelin sheath on axons. ANS: c TOP: MOD: 2.1 ...
... The nervous system has more than one type of neuron. c) There are more neurons than glial cells in the nervous system. d) A nerve is best defined as a bundle of axons from different neurons. e) Glial cells serve to support neurons, as well as to form the myelin sheath on axons. ANS: c TOP: MOD: 2.1 ...
Developmental Changes Revealed by Immunohistochemical
... susceptible to injury in utero or perinatally. For example, it is affected in both of the two major neonatal brain conditions, periventricular leukomalacia and germinal matrix hemorrhage, which are responsible for significant congenital developmental delay and subsequent mental retardation (Volpe, 1 ...
... susceptible to injury in utero or perinatally. For example, it is affected in both of the two major neonatal brain conditions, periventricular leukomalacia and germinal matrix hemorrhage, which are responsible for significant congenital developmental delay and subsequent mental retardation (Volpe, 1 ...
Use of an Amino-Cupric-Silver Technique for the Detection of Early
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
... stored in fixative for 2-3 days. Good results, however, have been obtained in sections that have been postfixed for only 25 h or at the other extreme for 2-3 months in a refrigerator (4°C). The postfixation eventually suppresses normal fiber staining; at 24 h some normal fibers will be stained, whil ...
Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role
... model that explores the unique contribution of the STN within the overall BG circuitry. The simulations reveal that the STN can dynamically control the threshold for executing a response, and that this function is adaptively modulated by the degree to which multiple competing responses are activated ...
... model that explores the unique contribution of the STN within the overall BG circuitry. The simulations reveal that the STN can dynamically control the threshold for executing a response, and that this function is adaptively modulated by the degree to which multiple competing responses are activated ...
Conscious Modulation in Normal Sleep
... found self-perception in REM sleep is a common phenomenon, but to be aware of that is called lucid dreams. Also sleep paralysis produce some activation of self-awareness. The lack of continuity between cortical areas in delta sleep stages could explain the loss of consciousness is such sleep stage, ...
... found self-perception in REM sleep is a common phenomenon, but to be aware of that is called lucid dreams. Also sleep paralysis produce some activation of self-awareness. The lack of continuity between cortical areas in delta sleep stages could explain the loss of consciousness is such sleep stage, ...
Stages of Sleep And Brain Mechanisms
... periods characterized by rapid eye movements during sleep. • Also know as paradoxical sleep is deep sleep in some ways, but light sleep in other ways. • EEG waves are irregular, low-voltage and fast. • Postural muscles of the body are more relaxed than other stages. ...
... periods characterized by rapid eye movements during sleep. • Also know as paradoxical sleep is deep sleep in some ways, but light sleep in other ways. • EEG waves are irregular, low-voltage and fast. • Postural muscles of the body are more relaxed than other stages. ...
Asymmetry of the Neuroendocrine System
... Ida Gerendai and Béla Halász There is information on the lateralization of hypothalamic, limbic, and other brain structures involved in the control of the endocrine glands. Sided differences between paired glands, including their peripheral innervation, and relevant clinical observations on asymmetr ...
... Ida Gerendai and Béla Halász There is information on the lateralization of hypothalamic, limbic, and other brain structures involved in the control of the endocrine glands. Sided differences between paired glands, including their peripheral innervation, and relevant clinical observations on asymmetr ...
Biological Rhythms: 2 Day Circadian Examples Biorhythms
... triggers the return to NREM. Drugs that boost 5HT (like antidepressants) can decrease REM. • Drugs that stimulate ACh receptors during sleep quickly move people to REM (like Nicotine patch or smoking ...
... triggers the return to NREM. Drugs that boost 5HT (like antidepressants) can decrease REM. • Drugs that stimulate ACh receptors during sleep quickly move people to REM (like Nicotine patch or smoking ...
Choline Signal Changes after Choline
... Brain structure’s knowledge is helpful to understand the researches scientists are doing looking for ADHD’s biochemical basis. Scientists have focused their attention in the brain’s frontal lobes, which allow us to solve problems, plan ahead, understand people’s behavior and restrain our impulses. B ...
... Brain structure’s knowledge is helpful to understand the researches scientists are doing looking for ADHD’s biochemical basis. Scientists have focused their attention in the brain’s frontal lobes, which allow us to solve problems, plan ahead, understand people’s behavior and restrain our impulses. B ...
article in press - Neurobiology of Vocal Communication
... suggesting that the PAG is not just a through-station of a descending vocalization pathway, but represents a relay station in which processing of vocal information takes place. Finally, single-unit recording studies have shown that the PAG contains neurons the activity of which is correlated with vo ...
... suggesting that the PAG is not just a through-station of a descending vocalization pathway, but represents a relay station in which processing of vocal information takes place. Finally, single-unit recording studies have shown that the PAG contains neurons the activity of which is correlated with vo ...
The Cytoarchitectonic Map of Constantin von Economo and Georg N
... 1926 upon meeting Koskinas: “The work of von Economo and Koskinas is monumental and constitutes a milestone of science, charting new paths for understanding the brain from an anatomical, physiological and pathological viewpoint. It stands as the first comprehensive reference on the architecture of t ...
... 1926 upon meeting Koskinas: “The work of von Economo and Koskinas is monumental and constitutes a milestone of science, charting new paths for understanding the brain from an anatomical, physiological and pathological viewpoint. It stands as the first comprehensive reference on the architecture of t ...
The neural subjective frame: from bodily signals to perceptual
... of two components: one being tightly related to the production of behavioural responses necessary for survival or maintenance of well-being [27], the other being the subjective feeling associated with an emotional stimulus or an emotional situation [15]. Emotional feelings, similar to perceptual exp ...
... of two components: one being tightly related to the production of behavioural responses necessary for survival or maintenance of well-being [27], the other being the subjective feeling associated with an emotional stimulus or an emotional situation [15]. Emotional feelings, similar to perceptual exp ...
Diversity and wiring variability of visual local neurons in the
... types of neuron, having branches that are extensive yet limited to the region (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008; Raghu and Borst, 2011; Raghu et al., 2011, 2013). Few of their arborizations display layer specificity (e.g., Dm1 and Dm6 in M1; Pm1 and Pm2 in M9), leaving open th ...
... types of neuron, having branches that are extensive yet limited to the region (Fischbach and Dittrich, 1989; Morante and Desplan, 2008; Raghu and Borst, 2011; Raghu et al., 2011, 2013). Few of their arborizations display layer specificity (e.g., Dm1 and Dm6 in M1; Pm1 and Pm2 in M9), leaving open th ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... OC has been reported between brain networks in subjects with ASD, while more recent evidence implies overall altered connectivity of the brain with combined instances of both over- and under-connectivity. Resting-state fMRI has provided a convenient tool to examine the changes in the intrinsic conne ...
... OC has been reported between brain networks in subjects with ASD, while more recent evidence implies overall altered connectivity of the brain with combined instances of both over- and under-connectivity. Resting-state fMRI has provided a convenient tool to examine the changes in the intrinsic conne ...
Deficits of brainstem and spinal cord functions after
... children. These complex motor functions originate from central pattern generator localized in the brainstem (8,12) which is vulnerable to HI (17). The respiratory center is located in an area within the brainstem called the pre-Bötzinger complex which is continuously modulated by endogenous bionamin ...
... children. These complex motor functions originate from central pattern generator localized in the brainstem (8,12) which is vulnerable to HI (17). The respiratory center is located in an area within the brainstem called the pre-Bötzinger complex which is continuously modulated by endogenous bionamin ...
Cytokines, prostaglandins and nitric oxide in the regulation of stress
... [9, 19, 26, 31]. Acute phase proteins and several proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a along with other general inflammatory indicators, are high in the serum of depressed patients [16]. Acute and chronic stressors dysregulate or impair certain functions of innate immunity. Cli ...
... [9, 19, 26, 31]. Acute phase proteins and several proinflammatory cytokines, including IL-1b, IL-6 and TNF-a along with other general inflammatory indicators, are high in the serum of depressed patients [16]. Acute and chronic stressors dysregulate or impair certain functions of innate immunity. Cli ...
Suicide and cognitive distortions Samomor in kognitivna
... mental states (Tringer 1988, 1991a, 1991b; Tringer & Veér, 1997). The strong connection between an individuals suicidal tendencies and depressive inclinations is well known. 80 % of those who have ever attempted suicide are shown to suffer from middle or severe depression according to the Beck depr ...
... mental states (Tringer 1988, 1991a, 1991b; Tringer & Veér, 1997). The strong connection between an individuals suicidal tendencies and depressive inclinations is well known. 80 % of those who have ever attempted suicide are shown to suffer from middle or severe depression according to the Beck depr ...
Phraseology and linguistic theory
... However, this innuence is often not fully recognized or acknowledged, or reflected terminologically. This is undesirable, not only because it is often not easy to recognize the domains where research on phraseology has left its marks, but also because it renders the overlap of assumptions, concepts, ...
... However, this innuence is often not fully recognized or acknowledged, or reflected terminologically. This is undesirable, not only because it is often not easy to recognize the domains where research on phraseology has left its marks, but also because it renders the overlap of assumptions, concepts, ...
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lentiform nucleus from
... by using serial macroscopic anatomic sections, taken from a human cadaver. When the rendered form of this wire-frame reconstruction was examined, it was found that both the putamen and globus pallidus had upper and lower poles. The distances between the upper and lower poles were 2.23 cm in the puta ...
... by using serial macroscopic anatomic sections, taken from a human cadaver. When the rendered form of this wire-frame reconstruction was examined, it was found that both the putamen and globus pallidus had upper and lower poles. The distances between the upper and lower poles were 2.23 cm in the puta ...
Neural Basis of Brain Dysfunction Produced by Early Sleep Problems
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
... Abstract: There is a wealth of evidence that disrupted sleep and circadian rhythms, which are common in modern society even during the early stages of life, have unfavorable effects on brain function. Altered brain function can cause problem behaviors later in life, such as truancy from or dropping ...
Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier and Neuronal Cell Death in
... stress and vehicle; (iii) chemicals alone; and (iv) vehicle alone. All animals were evaluated for: (i) the disruption of the blood– brain barrier (BBB) using intravenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections and endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) immunostaining; (ii) neuronal cell death using H&E s ...
... stress and vehicle; (iii) chemicals alone; and (iv) vehicle alone. All animals were evaluated for: (i) the disruption of the blood– brain barrier (BBB) using intravenous horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections and endothelial barrier antigen (EBA) immunostaining; (ii) neuronal cell death using H&E s ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.