The cortical visual area V6: brain location and visual topography
... in Fig. 5D and E). The anterior branch of POS (see arrowhead on the left in Fig. 5D and E) is the result of a sharp bending, anteriorly, of the POS fundus (Fig. 5C and D), that then continues into the fundus of the lunate sulcus (LS) more laterally (Fig. 5E). The posterior branch of POS (see arrowhe ...
... in Fig. 5D and E). The anterior branch of POS (see arrowhead on the left in Fig. 5D and E) is the result of a sharp bending, anteriorly, of the POS fundus (Fig. 5C and D), that then continues into the fundus of the lunate sulcus (LS) more laterally (Fig. 5E). The posterior branch of POS (see arrowhe ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... evolved biological system, the goal of vision is not to produce a veridical description of the external world but a description that facilitates adaptive behavior. Those aspects of the input that contain information critical for behavior will be emphasized and those aspects that carry little informa ...
... evolved biological system, the goal of vision is not to produce a veridical description of the external world but a description that facilitates adaptive behavior. Those aspects of the input that contain information critical for behavior will be emphasized and those aspects that carry little informa ...
CocaineQQQ
... central nervous system, including an increased chance of heart attack, stroke, and convulsions, combined with a higher likelihood of brain seizures, respiratory failures, and, ultimately, death overdose of cocaine raises blood pressure to unsafe heights resulting in permanent brain damage ...
... central nervous system, including an increased chance of heart attack, stroke, and convulsions, combined with a higher likelihood of brain seizures, respiratory failures, and, ultimately, death overdose of cocaine raises blood pressure to unsafe heights resulting in permanent brain damage ...
Neurons in the corpus callosum of the cat during postnatal
... between cingulated cortex and ependyma (Fig. 4A). Usually, MAP2and GFAP-positive processes ran in parallel trajectories but did not colocalize (Fig. 4C and D). This is better visualized at higher magni®cation (Fig. 4E and F). Serial sagittal sections with anti-GFAP and monoclonal antibodies M22 agai ...
... between cingulated cortex and ependyma (Fig. 4A). Usually, MAP2and GFAP-positive processes ran in parallel trajectories but did not colocalize (Fig. 4C and D). This is better visualized at higher magni®cation (Fig. 4E and F). Serial sagittal sections with anti-GFAP and monoclonal antibodies M22 agai ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... conditions, and most importantly about time-periods within an epoch where the topographies at a given latency are consistent across observations (i.e. subjects or trials). Global map dissimilarity Different map topographies directly indicate different generator configurations in the brain. Given this ...
... conditions, and most importantly about time-periods within an epoch where the topographies at a given latency are consistent across observations (i.e. subjects or trials). Global map dissimilarity Different map topographies directly indicate different generator configurations in the brain. Given this ...
The posterior parietal cortex: Sensorimotor interface for the planning
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
Biological Level of Analysis
... Discuss two effects of the environment on physiological processes (for example, the effects of jet lag on bodily rhythms, effects of deprivation on neuroplasticity, effects of environmental stressors on reproductive mechanisms) Examine one interaction between cognition and physiology in terms of beh ...
... Discuss two effects of the environment on physiological processes (for example, the effects of jet lag on bodily rhythms, effects of deprivation on neuroplasticity, effects of environmental stressors on reproductive mechanisms) Examine one interaction between cognition and physiology in terms of beh ...
Why is parkinsonism not a feature of human methamphetamine users?
... All MA users had evidence, from the medical examiner investigation and/or structured interview with the next of kin, of the use of MA as the primary drug of abuse for at least 1 year; the presence of MA [assessed by GC-MS (gas chromatography±mass spectrometry, Kalasinsky et al., 2001)] in the blood, ...
... All MA users had evidence, from the medical examiner investigation and/or structured interview with the next of kin, of the use of MA as the primary drug of abuse for at least 1 year; the presence of MA [assessed by GC-MS (gas chromatography±mass spectrometry, Kalasinsky et al., 2001)] in the blood, ...
Presumed Apoptosis and Reduced Arcuate Nucleus
... this area might underlie this phenomenon. Here, we show that such a single bout of non-coma hypoglycemia in rats results in a significant decrease in the plasma epinephrine and corticosterone responses to subsequent bouts of hypoglycemia. These reduced responses are similar to those seen in humans ( ...
... this area might underlie this phenomenon. Here, we show that such a single bout of non-coma hypoglycemia in rats results in a significant decrease in the plasma epinephrine and corticosterone responses to subsequent bouts of hypoglycemia. These reduced responses are similar to those seen in humans ( ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks
... effective as the human one and most AI systems require explicit supervision for the specific task they perform. As Marvin Minsky (a prominent professor in AI from MIT) said in his recent interview: "There aren't any machines that can do the commonsense reasoning that a four-or five-year-old child ca ...
... effective as the human one and most AI systems require explicit supervision for the specific task they perform. As Marvin Minsky (a prominent professor in AI from MIT) said in his recent interview: "There aren't any machines that can do the commonsense reasoning that a four-or five-year-old child ca ...
The role of mirror neurons in cognition
... the macaque monkey that become active during both execution and observation of the same action. This straightforward property is what enabled these neurons to conquer the fields of cognitive science and become one of the most acclaimed discoveries from the turn of the century. Whether it was a resul ...
... the macaque monkey that become active during both execution and observation of the same action. This straightforward property is what enabled these neurons to conquer the fields of cognitive science and become one of the most acclaimed discoveries from the turn of the century. Whether it was a resul ...
AAC Interventions for Individuals with Acquired Disabilities
... Dysarthria is the most common among MS but is not present in all persons. Although there are speech impairments, for most persons, AAC systems are not required. Aphasia can also be associated with MS causing language impairments at different degrees for different people. Visual impairment is also af ...
... Dysarthria is the most common among MS but is not present in all persons. Although there are speech impairments, for most persons, AAC systems are not required. Aphasia can also be associated with MS causing language impairments at different degrees for different people. Visual impairment is also af ...
Mental Imagery in Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
... SCI, which involves damage to the central nervous system (CNS), is followed by structural and functional reorganization, which often leads to recovery of sensory- motor functions. This concept of neural plasticity has been studied through various methods by different researchers over the years. The ...
... SCI, which involves damage to the central nervous system (CNS), is followed by structural and functional reorganization, which often leads to recovery of sensory- motor functions. This concept of neural plasticity has been studied through various methods by different researchers over the years. The ...
Chapter 6 — Gross Anatomy of the Brain
... As the brain grows in size and complexity, these regions ...
... As the brain grows in size and complexity, these regions ...
Nucleus Basalis and Thalamic Control of Neocortical Activity in the
... Animals and surgery. The subjects of these experiments were 24 female Fischer 344 (2-l 5 month) and 42 female Sprague-Dawley (3-10 month) rats. Surgery was performed under deep anesthesia induced by a mixture (4 ml/kg) of ketamine (25 mg/ml), rompun (1.3 mg/ml), and acepromazine (0.25 m&ml). The rat ...
... Animals and surgery. The subjects of these experiments were 24 female Fischer 344 (2-l 5 month) and 42 female Sprague-Dawley (3-10 month) rats. Surgery was performed under deep anesthesia induced by a mixture (4 ml/kg) of ketamine (25 mg/ml), rompun (1.3 mg/ml), and acepromazine (0.25 m&ml). The rat ...
State-Dependent TMS Reveals a Hierarchical
... into a hierarchically higher and more abstract representation of observed acts. Some studies have shown a capacity of abstraction of observed acts by neural populations in the inferior parietal and frontal cortices, demonstrating in some instances also a lower hierarchical level of processing by ext ...
... into a hierarchically higher and more abstract representation of observed acts. Some studies have shown a capacity of abstraction of observed acts by neural populations in the inferior parietal and frontal cortices, demonstrating in some instances also a lower hierarchical level of processing by ext ...
From movement to thought: Anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... disturbances. But, if more critical studies were made, it perhaps might be easy, in some instances at least, to pick u p the subtle differences that must distinguish these cerebellar cases from the normal. It is tempting, for example, to believe . . . that there is some subtle influence exerted on t ...
... disturbances. But, if more critical studies were made, it perhaps might be easy, in some instances at least, to pick u p the subtle differences that must distinguish these cerebellar cases from the normal. It is tempting, for example, to believe . . . that there is some subtle influence exerted on t ...
REVIEWS - Institute for Applied Psychometrics
... in working memory (current) is compared with that in reference memory. b | The model explains the scalar property (FIG. 2) by assuming that the estimation error increases in proportion to the criterion duration (green area). c–e | The effects of the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol are co ...
... in working memory (current) is compared with that in reference memory. b | The model explains the scalar property (FIG. 2) by assuming that the estimation error increases in proportion to the criterion duration (green area). c–e | The effects of the D2 dopamine receptor antagonist haloperidol are co ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... execution of finger movements (‘‘mirror neuron system’’) [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,25,26,27]. The observation of the Context clip compared to rest yielded signal increases in largely similar cortical areas, with the notable exceptions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) region and inferi ...
... execution of finger movements (‘‘mirror neuron system’’) [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,25,26,27]. The observation of the Context clip compared to rest yielded signal increases in largely similar cortical areas, with the notable exceptions of the superior temporal sulcus (STS) region and inferi ...
Document
... maintaining normal motor behavior. -Decreased; muscles are rigid and movements are difficult. i.e. Parkinson’s Disease (T.R.A.P.) -Increased; May be related to schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) ...
... maintaining normal motor behavior. -Decreased; muscles are rigid and movements are difficult. i.e. Parkinson’s Disease (T.R.A.P.) -Increased; May be related to schizophrenia (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech) ...
The Features and Functions of Neuronal Assemblies: Possible
... difficult to unequivocally attribute specific physiological meaning to each of these parameters, they still reflect the summed output of veritable dynamics of population activity. Assemblies will to some extent feature specific spatio-temporal profiles determined by the network-specific cytoarchitec ...
... difficult to unequivocally attribute specific physiological meaning to each of these parameters, they still reflect the summed output of veritable dynamics of population activity. Assemblies will to some extent feature specific spatio-temporal profiles determined by the network-specific cytoarchitec ...
Neurons of human nucleus accumbens
... nucleus accumbens 12, 13. Our finding of type IV, multipolar neuron (Figures 11 and 12), corresponds to medium spiny neurons described by other authors. Medium spiny neurons consist of 2–6 primary dendrites, different thickness, with dense spines on secondary and third dendrite branches 14–17. We co ...
... nucleus accumbens 12, 13. Our finding of type IV, multipolar neuron (Figures 11 and 12), corresponds to medium spiny neurons described by other authors. Medium spiny neurons consist of 2–6 primary dendrites, different thickness, with dense spines on secondary and third dendrite branches 14–17. We co ...
Cortex - Anatomy and Physiology
... areas • Send outputs to multiple areas, including premotor cortex • Allows meaning to information received, store in memory, tying to previous experience, and deciding on actions ...
... areas • Send outputs to multiple areas, including premotor cortex • Allows meaning to information received, store in memory, tying to previous experience, and deciding on actions ...
MAY 5, 2000 Submitted to the Annual Review of Neuroscience AN
... neuroimaging studies have begun to provide a broad view of the task conditions under which it is engaged. However, an understanding of the mechanisms by which PFC executes control has remained elusive. The aim of this article is to describe a theory of PFC function that integrates these diverse find ...
... neuroimaging studies have begun to provide a broad view of the task conditions under which it is engaged. However, an understanding of the mechanisms by which PFC executes control has remained elusive. The aim of this article is to describe a theory of PFC function that integrates these diverse find ...
Cognitive neuroscience
Cognitive neuroscience is an academic field concerned with the scientific study of biological substrates underlying cognition, with a specific focus on the neural substrates of mental processes. It addresses the questions of how psychological/cognitive functions are produced by neural circuits in the brain. Cognitive neuroscience is a branch of both psychology and neuroscience, overlapping with disciplines such as physiological psychology, cognitive psychology, and neuropsychology. Cognitive neuroscience relies upon theories in cognitive science coupled with evidence from neuropsychology, and computational modeling.Due to its multidisciplinary nature, cognitive neuroscientists may have various backgrounds. Other than the associated disciplines just mentioned, cognitive neuroscientists may have backgrounds in neurobiology, bioengineering, psychiatry, neurology, physics, computer science, linguistics, philosophy, and mathematics.Methods employed in cognitive neuroscience include experimental paradigms from psychophysics and cognitive psychology, functional neuroimaging, electrophysiology, cognitive genomics, and behavioral genetics. Studies of patients with cognitive deficits due to brain lesions constitute an important aspect of cognitive neuroscience. Theoretical approaches include computational neuroscience and cognitive psychology.Cognitive neuroscience can look at the effects of damage to the brain and subsequent changes in the thought processes due to changes in neural circuitry resulting from the ensued damage. Also, cognitive abilities based on brain development is studied and examined under the subfield of developmental cognitive neuroscience.