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LINKING PROPOSITIONS*
LINKING PROPOSITIONS*

... . whenever two stimuli cause physically indistinguishable signals to be sent from the sense organs to the brain, the sensations produced by those stimuli, as reported by the subject in words, symbols or actions, must also be indistinguishable. Other general linking propositions, use of which would a ...
Dynamic Programming and Graph Algorithms in Computer Vision
Dynamic Programming and Graph Algorithms in Computer Vision

... Many of the energy functions we will consider will be of this form. In general the terms Di are used to ensure that the label xi is consistent with the image data, while the Vi,j terms ensure that the labels xi and xj are compatible. Energy functions of the form given in equation (2) have a long hi ...
approximate reasoning using anytime algorithms
approximate reasoning using anytime algorithms

... implementation. However, the use of anytime algorithms as the components of a modular system presents a special type of scheduling problem. The question is how much time to allocate to each component in order to maximize the output quality of the complete system. We refer to this problem as the anyt ...
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory
Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

... to drive a car, though it handles this rather different problem effectively, too” (Sherry & Schacter, 1987, p. 449). This means that it may be impossible to know exactly what environmental circumstances led to the evolution of multiple memory systems. For this reason no explanation in evolutionary t ...
CAHOOTS: A SOFTWARE PLATFORM FOR ENHANCING
CAHOOTS: A SOFTWARE PLATFORM FOR ENHANCING

... represented using the breadth (i.e. width) dimension. The top-down direction is often naturally thought of as moving from the general to the specific, which should be reflected spatially as a goal becomes more specified. These spatial aspects are intuitive for users to understand. Our overall intent ...
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Artificial Intelligence - Computer and Information Science

...  Many problems have very deep or even infinite search trees.  DFS should be avoided for search trees with large or infinite ...
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Introduction: Aspects of Artificial General Intelligence

... this case, the design is still “general” in the sense that it allows all these potentials. Just as the human brain/mind has a significant level of generality to its intelligence, even though some humans are better at mathematics and some are better at basketball. Similarly, a general design does not ...
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... spinocerebellar pathway is composed of anterior and posterior spinocerebellar tracts; these are the major routes for transmitting postural input to the cerebellum (figure 17.4). Sensory input arriving at the cerebellum through these tracts is critical for regulating posture and balance and for coord ...
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Innovative Solutions to Regulating Artificial Intelligence
Innovative Solutions to Regulating Artificial Intelligence

... are made can be opaque, largely incomprehensible,8 and sometimes even unknowable.9 Research and development of AI can be, and apparently is already being, carried out in many different locations, at different times, in ways that are not highly visible — and at a scale that only large multinational c ...
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System
Chapter 2: Communication Within the Nervous System

... appreciate the importance of biological psychology in its own right. This book is for them, too, but I wrote it so any student who is interested in behavior, including the newly declared sophomore major or the curious student who has wandered over from the history department, could have the deeper u ...
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Sensing Limb Movements in the Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense

... (1980) clearly demonstrated that M1 cells, which respond to a passive movement of a wrist toward a particular direction (preferred direction), are also excited 1) during active movement toward the same direction with that of the passive movement, 2) during active movement toward the opposite directi ...
singularity hypotheses
singularity hypotheses

... intelligent minds enter a ‘runaway reaction’ of self-improvement cycles, with each new and more intelligent generation appearing faster than its predecessor. Part I of this volume is dedicated to essays which argue that progress in artificial intelligence and machine learning may indeed increase mac ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal

... E-mail address: asifg@princeton.edu ...
knowledge management in expert systems developement
knowledge management in expert systems developement

... companies can encourage their business, improve a decision-making process, and develop foundation for better market positioning. Right here lies a connection between intelligent systems and knowledge management (KM) concept. Intelligent systems rely on the expertise and experience of human-expert(s) ...
SCENTS AND SENSIBILITY: A MOLECULAR LOGIC OF OLFACTORY PERCEPTION
SCENTS AND SENSIBILITY: A MOLECULAR LOGIC OF OLFACTORY PERCEPTION

... There are many ways for organisms to probe the external world. Some smell it, others listen to it, many see it. Each species therefore lives in its own unique sensory world of which other species may be partially or totally unaware. A whole series of specific devices alien to human perception have e ...
Employing a Java Expert System Shell for Intelligent - CEUR
Employing a Java Expert System Shell for Intelligent - CEUR

... In such a situation time is inevitably expended in the communication of requirements, specifications and constraints. Thus, given the increasing demand for full commercial-scale ITS and the large development time for such systems, there is clearly a need for the ITS development process to be made fa ...
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The affective and cognitive processing of touch, oral texture, and

... combinations of warm and cold stimuli, applied to the hand (Rolls et al., 2008b). Activations in the lateral and some more anterior parts of the orbitofrontal cortex were correlated with the unpleasantness of the stimuli. In contrast, activations in the somatosensory cortex and ventral posterior ins ...
Intelligent Design
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... against the alternative. This does not mean these are just arguments against evolutionary theory. All arguments, by definition, are characterized by taking one side while arguing against another side Arguments against a theory are about eliminating possible explanations. There is nothing inferior ab ...
Complete Issue
Complete Issue

... Intelligent Training and support System (WITS) [7]. This system uses Javascript to represent the knowledge base and to conduct inferencing. That is, the web page contains the knowledge base as embedded Javascript code, as well as the code to process it. This is essentially different from the archite ...
Design
Design

... against the alternative. This does not mean these are just arguments against evolutionary theory. All arguments, by definition, are characterized by taking one side while arguing against another side Arguments against a theory are about eliminating possible explanations. There is nothing inferior ab ...
High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences
High-Level Visual Processing: Cognitive Influences

... of Cortical Areas Involved in Object Recognition Object recognition is intimately intertwined with visual categorization, visual memory, and emotion (see Figure 27–2), and the outputs of the inferior temporal cortex contribute to these functions. Among the principal projections are those to the peri ...
Real-Time Search for Autonomous Agents and
Real-Time Search for Autonomous Agents and

... this section, we will focus not on the performance of the first problem solving trial, but on the learning process to converge to an optimal solution. This section is the first to point out that the following problems are incurred when repeatedly applying LRTA* to solve a problem. ᎏSearching all opt ...
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Embodied cognitive science

For approaches to cognitive science that emphasize the embodied mind, see Embodied cognitionEmbodied Cognitive Science is an interdisciplinary field of research, the aim of which is to explain the mechanisms underlying intelligent behavior. It comprises three main methodologies: 1) the modeling of psychological and biological systems in a holistic manner that considers the mind and body as a single entity, 2) the formation of a common set of general principles of intelligent behavior, and 3) the experimental use of robotic agents in controlled environments.Embodied cognitive science borrows heavily from embodied philosophy and the related research fields of cognitive science, psychology, neuroscience and artificial intelligence. From the perspective of neuroscience, research in this field was led by Gerald Edelman of the Neurosciences Institute at La Jolla, the late Francisco Varela of CNRS in France, and J. A. Scott Kelso of Florida Atlantic University. From the perspective of psychology, research by Michael Turvey, Lawrence Barsalou and Eleanor Rosch. From the perspective of language acquisition, Eric Lenneberg and Philip Rubin at Haskins Laboratories. From the perspective of autonomous agent design, early work is sometimes attributed to Rodney Brooks or Valentino Braitenberg. From the perspective of artificial intelligence, see Understanding Intelligence by Rolf Pfeifer and Christian Scheier or How the body shapes the way we think, also by Rolf Pfeifer and Josh C. Bongard. From the perspective of philosophy see Andy Clark, Shaun Gallagher, and Evan Thompson.Turing proposed that a machine may need a human-like body to think and speak:It can also be maintained that it is best to provide the machine with the best sense organs that money can buy, and then teach it to understand and speak English. That process could follow the normal teaching of a child. Things would be pointed out and named, etc. Again, I do not know what the right answer is, but I think both approaches should be tried (Turing, 1950).↑
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