20141113080528
... – The molar mass is the same as its atomic mass expressed in grams. (Ex: C is 12amu, so molar mass of C is 12 g) – A CO2 molecules is composed of one C atom (12 amu) and 2 O atoms (2 x 16amu = 32amu). So CO2 has a molar mass of 44 grams. (add the two amu ...
... – The molar mass is the same as its atomic mass expressed in grams. (Ex: C is 12amu, so molar mass of C is 12 g) – A CO2 molecules is composed of one C atom (12 amu) and 2 O atoms (2 x 16amu = 32amu). So CO2 has a molar mass of 44 grams. (add the two amu ...
2010 - SAASTA
... carbon dioxide. This is an exothermic reaction and this part of the furnace reaches temperatures of almost 2000°C. Hot CO 2 rises up the furnace and reacts with additional carbon to form carbon monoxide. This is an endothermic reaction. Carbon monoxide reacts with iron oxides in the ore and reduces ...
... carbon dioxide. This is an exothermic reaction and this part of the furnace reaches temperatures of almost 2000°C. Hot CO 2 rises up the furnace and reacts with additional carbon to form carbon monoxide. This is an endothermic reaction. Carbon monoxide reacts with iron oxides in the ore and reduces ...
Slides
... • Gibbs free energy (G) or free energy can be used to express spontaneity from the perspective of the system. • ΔG (kJ/mol) is the maximum amount of energy available to do work on the surroundings and takes into account both enthalpy and entropy. • In a spontaneous process at constant temperature ...
... • Gibbs free energy (G) or free energy can be used to express spontaneity from the perspective of the system. • ΔG (kJ/mol) is the maximum amount of energy available to do work on the surroundings and takes into account both enthalpy and entropy. • In a spontaneous process at constant temperature ...
ap chemistry 2005/2006
... identification as physical or chemical change. Lab: Determining the Specific Heat of an Unknown Metal – the specific heat capacity of a nail will be experimentally determined by measuring the temperature change of water and of the nail after it has been heated to approximately 850 degrees Celsius in ...
... identification as physical or chemical change. Lab: Determining the Specific Heat of an Unknown Metal – the specific heat capacity of a nail will be experimentally determined by measuring the temperature change of water and of the nail after it has been heated to approximately 850 degrees Celsius in ...
Enthalpy - ChemGod.com
... Assuming that the electron induction of neighboring plasmidogenesis can be accepted, they are. To the extent that orbital influence of neighboring groups cannot be ignored, they are not. ...
... Assuming that the electron induction of neighboring plasmidogenesis can be accepted, they are. To the extent that orbital influence of neighboring groups cannot be ignored, they are not. ...
7.1 Describing Reactions
... mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Recall carbon atom or six carbon atoms, the equation used to describe that mass is a measure of the amount of matter. So, this law is also the reaction is the same. known as the law of conservation of matter. By demonstrating that Using M ...
... mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction. Recall carbon atom or six carbon atoms, the equation used to describe that mass is a measure of the amount of matter. So, this law is also the reaction is the same. known as the law of conservation of matter. By demonstrating that Using M ...
LESSON 23: Exploding Bags
... the structure or composition of the materials change. Chemical reactions occur around us all the time. When a chemical change is complete, the resulting substance(s) is/are different from the original substance(s). The substance or substances that start a chemical reaction are called reactants. The ...
... the structure or composition of the materials change. Chemical reactions occur around us all the time. When a chemical change is complete, the resulting substance(s) is/are different from the original substance(s). The substance or substances that start a chemical reaction are called reactants. The ...
Properties of Systems in Equilibrium - Le
... with Le Châtelier’s Principle. This right shift in the equilibrium position of Reaction (6) will also result a corresponding decrease in the concentration of B (aq). Because B (aq) is also present in Reaction (5), the decrease in the concentration of B (aq) will in turn result in a right shift in th ...
... with Le Châtelier’s Principle. This right shift in the equilibrium position of Reaction (6) will also result a corresponding decrease in the concentration of B (aq). Because B (aq) is also present in Reaction (5), the decrease in the concentration of B (aq) will in turn result in a right shift in th ...
Dipole Moment
... direction, averages zero over a short period of time; however, these quickly varying dipoles produce an electric field which then induces dipoles in the surrounding molecules. The result of this induction is an attractive force called the induced dipole-induced dipole force. ...
... direction, averages zero over a short period of time; however, these quickly varying dipoles produce an electric field which then induces dipoles in the surrounding molecules. The result of this induction is an attractive force called the induced dipole-induced dipole force. ...
Lab Manual
... An ideal gas is a gas that conforms, in physical behavior, to a particular, idealized relation between pressure, volume, and temperature called the ideal gas law. This law is a generalization containing both Boyle's law and Charles's law as special cases and states that for a specified quantity of g ...
... An ideal gas is a gas that conforms, in physical behavior, to a particular, idealized relation between pressure, volume, and temperature called the ideal gas law. This law is a generalization containing both Boyle's law and Charles's law as special cases and states that for a specified quantity of g ...
Lecture 3: Solubility of Gases, Liquids, and Solids in Liquids ΔG
... Lecture 3: Solubility of Gases, Liquids, and Solids in Liquids Up to this point we have dealt primarily with pure compounds. The next two sets of lectures deal with what happens when mixtures are created. The lectures are in two parts: The thermodynamics of what happens when you mix a liquid with ...
... Lecture 3: Solubility of Gases, Liquids, and Solids in Liquids Up to this point we have dealt primarily with pure compounds. The next two sets of lectures deal with what happens when mixtures are created. The lectures are in two parts: The thermodynamics of what happens when you mix a liquid with ...
2013 - NESACS
... The questions vary in difficulty. This means that hard ones and easy ones are dispersed throughout this exam. Don’t get hung up on one or two of the hard questions early on and miss some of the easy ones later. A good strategy is to cycle through the exam, answering the easy ones first and then goin ...
... The questions vary in difficulty. This means that hard ones and easy ones are dispersed throughout this exam. Don’t get hung up on one or two of the hard questions early on and miss some of the easy ones later. A good strategy is to cycle through the exam, answering the easy ones first and then goin ...
Transition state theory
Transition state theory (TST) explains the reaction rates of elementary chemical reactions. The theory assumes a special type of chemical equilibrium (quasi-equilibrium) between reactants and activated transition state complexes.TST is used primarily to understand qualitatively how chemical reactions take place. TST has been less successful in its original goal of calculating absolute reaction rate constants because the calculation of absolute reaction rates requires precise knowledge of potential energy surfaces, but it has been successful in calculating the standard enthalpy of activation (Δ‡Hɵ), the standard entropy of activation (Δ‡Sɵ), and the standard Gibbs energy of activation (Δ‡Gɵ) for a particular reaction if its rate constant has been experimentally determined. (The ‡ notation refers to the value of interest at the transition state.)This theory was developed simultaneously in 1935 by Henry Eyring, then at Princeton University, and by Meredith Gwynne Evans and Michael Polanyi of the University of Manchester. TST is also referred to as ""activated-complex theory,"" ""absolute-rate theory,"" and ""theory of absolute reaction rates.""Before the development of TST, the Arrhenius rate law was widely used to determine energies for the reaction barrier. The Arrhenius equation derives from empirical observations and ignores any mechanistic considerations, such as whether one or more reactive intermediates are involved in the conversion of a reactant to a product. Therefore, further development was necessary to understand the two parameters associated with this law, the pre-exponential factor (A) and the activation energy (Ea). TST, which led to the Eyring equation, successfully addresses these two issues; however, 46 years elapsed between the publication of the Arrhenius rate law, in 1889, and the Eyring equation derived from TST, in 1935. During that period, many scientists and researchers contributed significantly to the development of the theory.