Perception Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to
... efficiency of the spike-timing protocol in long-term modification of excitatory synapses in hippocampal cultures (13) and midbrain slices (60). The NMDARs are largely blocked by Mg2" at hyperpolarized membrane potentials, but the block can be relieved by depolarization (69, 83), leading to the idea ...
... efficiency of the spike-timing protocol in long-term modification of excitatory synapses in hippocampal cultures (13) and midbrain slices (60). The NMDARs are largely blocked by Mg2" at hyperpolarized membrane potentials, but the block can be relieved by depolarization (69, 83), leading to the idea ...
Cerebral correlates of delta waves during non
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
... orbitofrontal cortex, and the anterior cingulate cortex (Fig. 1, left panel) are in agreement with that preceding work. However, since delta oscillations are more profuse during NREM sleep than during wakefulness in normal human subjects and as this study was aimed at exploring the cerebral correlat ...
Focal local field potential (LFP) signature of the single
... From literature it is known that synaptic projections from thalamic cells onto FS cells are primarily located on somas or dendrites proximal to soma (White et al., 1984; Keller and White, 1987; Staiger et al., 1996; Ahmed et al., 1997; Porter et al., 2001; Bagnall et al., 2011), while thalamic proje ...
... From literature it is known that synaptic projections from thalamic cells onto FS cells are primarily located on somas or dendrites proximal to soma (White et al., 1984; Keller and White, 1987; Staiger et al., 1996; Ahmed et al., 1997; Porter et al., 2001; Bagnall et al., 2011), while thalamic proje ...
Focal local field potential (LFP) signature of the single
... From literature it is known that synaptic projections from thalamic cells onto FS cells are primarily located on somas or dendrites proximal to soma (White et al., 1984; Keller and White, 1987; Staiger et al., 1996; Ahmed et al., 1997; Porter et al., 2001; Bagnall et al., 2011), while thalamic proje ...
... From literature it is known that synaptic projections from thalamic cells onto FS cells are primarily located on somas or dendrites proximal to soma (White et al., 1984; Keller and White, 1987; Staiger et al., 1996; Ahmed et al., 1997; Porter et al., 2001; Bagnall et al., 2011), while thalamic proje ...
Chapter 02: Biopsychology, Neuroscience, and Human Nature
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
Sample
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
... Answer: c. efferent neurons. 34. Every one of your actions arises from a. neural impulses delivered from your sensory neurons to your brain. b. neural impulses from the brain delivered to your muscles. Correct. Your physical actions are a result of the communication from your brain to your muscles. ...
Criteria for Consciousness in Artificial Intelligent Agents
... prosopagnosic patients are unable to experience any feeling of familiarity at the view of faces of their closest relatives (loss of PConsciousness), other cognitive operations are still performed with the perceived faces – a covert face recognition takes place – but their output fails to reach consc ...
... prosopagnosic patients are unable to experience any feeling of familiarity at the view of faces of their closest relatives (loss of PConsciousness), other cognitive operations are still performed with the perceived faces – a covert face recognition takes place – but their output fails to reach consc ...
In Vivo Evaluation of White Matter Integrity and Anterograde
... profiles in the rodent visual system with a 9.4 Tesla MRI scanner after NMDA-induced excitotoxic retinal injury. In addition, DTI results were compared with OCT measurement of the thickness of the retina and MEMRI of the anterograde transport along the visual pathway, in order to determine the eye–b ...
... profiles in the rodent visual system with a 9.4 Tesla MRI scanner after NMDA-induced excitotoxic retinal injury. In addition, DTI results were compared with OCT measurement of the thickness of the retina and MEMRI of the anterograde transport along the visual pathway, in order to determine the eye–b ...
Rethinking interference theory: Executive control
... and memory retrieval, it is possible that response override mechanisms are recruited to control unwanted memories that intrude by virtue of spreading activation (for related arguments, see Shimamura, 1995). If so, we should find evidence for inhibitory control in memory situations likely to involve r ...
... and memory retrieval, it is possible that response override mechanisms are recruited to control unwanted memories that intrude by virtue of spreading activation (for related arguments, see Shimamura, 1995). If so, we should find evidence for inhibitory control in memory situations likely to involve r ...
100 The Molecular and Structural Basis of Amblyopia
... Much stronger evidence has come from the study of mediators of LTD. The most well-understood forms of LTD in visual cortex require for induction activation of NMDA receptors (Crozier et al., 2007; Kirkwood & Bear, 1994), and it is now very well established that NMDA receptor activation is also requi ...
... Much stronger evidence has come from the study of mediators of LTD. The most well-understood forms of LTD in visual cortex require for induction activation of NMDA receptors (Crozier et al., 2007; Kirkwood & Bear, 1994), and it is now very well established that NMDA receptor activation is also requi ...
i, me, mine: variations on the theme of selfness
... internal state. Moreover, the activities here can be largely pre-programmed and do not need to rely on sophisticated mental representations of the self or on mental processes that refer to such representations. Instead, the system can function using what Carver and Scheier (1981) called TOTE (test-o ...
... internal state. Moreover, the activities here can be largely pre-programmed and do not need to rely on sophisticated mental representations of the self or on mental processes that refer to such representations. Instead, the system can function using what Carver and Scheier (1981) called TOTE (test-o ...
Enhanced Perceptual Functioning in Autism
... tasks; and the centrality of perception-related behaviors in typical every day situations. Superior performance in laboratory situations and superior importance in ecological situations were both attributed to the effect of an overall superior perceptual functioning. We suggested that the operations ...
... tasks; and the centrality of perception-related behaviors in typical every day situations. Superior performance in laboratory situations and superior importance in ecological situations were both attributed to the effect of an overall superior perceptual functioning. We suggested that the operations ...
What is the function of the claustrum? - Christof Koch
... nuclei. Many of the neurons in these areas code for local aspects of any one scene, such as the orientation of an edge, or the colour and depth of a surface patch. Much of this information is ambiguous and is compatible with many different interpretations of the overall scene. In mathematical terms, ...
... nuclei. Many of the neurons in these areas code for local aspects of any one scene, such as the orientation of an edge, or the colour and depth of a surface patch. Much of this information is ambiguous and is compatible with many different interpretations of the overall scene. In mathematical terms, ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... rats. The VP-eGFP neuron, or non-eGFP (OT) neuron near the preconstricted vessel, was detected using fluorescence microscopy and patched using DIC and recordings performed using the whole-cell configuration. The internal solution consisted of (in mM) the following: 135 K $ gluconate, 10 HEPES, 0.2 E ...
... rats. The VP-eGFP neuron, or non-eGFP (OT) neuron near the preconstricted vessel, was detected using fluorescence microscopy and patched using DIC and recordings performed using the whole-cell configuration. The internal solution consisted of (in mM) the following: 135 K $ gluconate, 10 HEPES, 0.2 E ...
An unaware agenda: interictal consciousness
... between pre- and post-ictal consciousness impairments, on the one hand, and interictal ones, on the other. IEDs involve large intracellular depolarization leading to transitory cognitive impairment (Holmes and Lenck-Santini, 2006; Tassinari and Rubboli, 2006). The impact of interictal epileptiform a ...
... between pre- and post-ictal consciousness impairments, on the one hand, and interictal ones, on the other. IEDs involve large intracellular depolarization leading to transitory cognitive impairment (Holmes and Lenck-Santini, 2006; Tassinari and Rubboli, 2006). The impact of interictal epileptiform a ...
Multiple routes to memory: Distinct medial
... which is specific to declarative or explicit memory (2, 3), appears both during attempts to recall past events as well as when recognition of previously encountered stimuli is required. Subsequent investigations of the memory impairment in human amnesia, as well as in animal models, have led to adva ...
... which is specific to declarative or explicit memory (2, 3), appears both during attempts to recall past events as well as when recognition of previously encountered stimuli is required. Subsequent investigations of the memory impairment in human amnesia, as well as in animal models, have led to adva ...
Cellular, synaptic and network effects of neuromodulation
... model neurons in the top and bottom panels show similar firing properties although their maximal conductances are very different (shown in the insets). (b) Conversely, two model neurons whose maximum conductance values are similar give rise to different activity patterns. Modified from Goldman et al ...
... model neurons in the top and bottom panels show similar firing properties although their maximal conductances are very different (shown in the insets). (b) Conversely, two model neurons whose maximum conductance values are similar give rise to different activity patterns. Modified from Goldman et al ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... amygdala neurons become necessary (Han et al. 2007, 2009) and sufficient (Kim et al. 2014; Redondo et al. 2014; Yiu et al. 2014) for recall of memories for fear-inducing experiences, suggesting that this collection of neurons form a critical hub in the physical representation of associative fear lear ...
... amygdala neurons become necessary (Han et al. 2007, 2009) and sufficient (Kim et al. 2014; Redondo et al. 2014; Yiu et al. 2014) for recall of memories for fear-inducing experiences, suggesting that this collection of neurons form a critical hub in the physical representation of associative fear lear ...
neurophysics.ucsd.edu
... [7]. Consistent with the notion that such precise coordination represents a computationally demanding function of the nervous system, defects in orofacial coordination are prominent symptoms of many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease for example, impaired coordinatio ...
... [7]. Consistent with the notion that such precise coordination represents a computationally demanding function of the nervous system, defects in orofacial coordination are prominent symptoms of many neurological and neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson’s disease for example, impaired coordinatio ...
Characterizing cognition in ADHD: beyond executive dysfunction
... [24]. The bulk of this support derives from Go/No-Go tasks [25] and particularly, the Stop task [26] (see Box 2). Converging lesion and imaging studies pinpoint the right inferior prefrontal cortex as a crucial region for effective Stop task performance [27,28]. Additionally, evidence of familiality ...
... [24]. The bulk of this support derives from Go/No-Go tasks [25] and particularly, the Stop task [26] (see Box 2). Converging lesion and imaging studies pinpoint the right inferior prefrontal cortex as a crucial region for effective Stop task performance [27,28]. Additionally, evidence of familiality ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... activity and blood pressure (41, 70). It is often assumed that these neurons would be strongly activated and thus drive increased sympathetic vasomotor activity in response to psychological stress. In a recent study from our laboratory (64), however, we found that air-puff stress, an unconditioned p ...
... activity and blood pressure (41, 70). It is often assumed that these neurons would be strongly activated and thus drive increased sympathetic vasomotor activity in response to psychological stress. In a recent study from our laboratory (64), however, we found that air-puff stress, an unconditioned p ...
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... The basis for our argument is perhaps the best known finding from over 60 years of research on expertise: Chess experts are much better at recalling normal displays than randomized displays and, with the former, their recall is much greater than that of novices or less skilled players (Chase and Sim ...
... The basis for our argument is perhaps the best known finding from over 60 years of research on expertise: Chess experts are much better at recalling normal displays than randomized displays and, with the former, their recall is much greater than that of novices or less skilled players (Chase and Sim ...
Topical Review
... Axonal sprouting occurs after injury in the peripheral nervous system, and with specific therapies, in the spinal cord and optic nerve.19 –22 In these sites, sprouting neurons activate specific molecular elements of a growth program to elaborate a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. N ...
... Axonal sprouting occurs after injury in the peripheral nervous system, and with specific therapies, in the spinal cord and optic nerve.19 –22 In these sites, sprouting neurons activate specific molecular elements of a growth program to elaborate a growth cone, extend an axon and form new synapses. N ...
Experimental Brain Research 221(1)
... the subsequent sections, we delve into this topic in some detail, focusing on recent evidence for reach specificity from neuroimaging, patient and TMS studies (Fig. 2a), ...
... the subsequent sections, we delve into this topic in some detail, focusing on recent evidence for reach specificity from neuroimaging, patient and TMS studies (Fig. 2a), ...