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Edexcel AS/A level Physics Student Book 1
Edexcel AS/A level Physics Student Book 1

... through this without change. The third Polaroid filter is oriented horizontally. This blocks vertically polarised light, and so no waves are transmitted beyond it. The second and third filters are referred to as ‘crossed Polaroids’, as their orientations are at right angles and, together, they will ...
Problems
Problems

... spring and is oscillating on a friction-free air table. When the box has reached its maximum distance from the equilibrium point, the pebble is suddenly lifted out vertically without disturbing the box. Will the following characteristics of the motion increase, decrease, or remain the same in the su ...
b) Electromagnetic Force
b) Electromagnetic Force

Black Hole Accretion
Black Hole Accretion

Chapter 10 Problems
Chapter 10 Problems

Unsteady Aspects of Aquatic Locomotion1
Unsteady Aspects of Aquatic Locomotion1

... analytical solutions for the added-mass coefficient. Vorticity, though, diffuses into the flow about an object over some finite amount of time and, for low amplitude, short duration accelerations, vorticity will not significantly affect the flow. Birkhoff (1960) suggests a rule of thumb: ideal flow ...
1. Earth`s gravity attracts a person with a force of 120 lbs. The force
1. Earth`s gravity attracts a person with a force of 120 lbs. The force

... 13. Two cars that have the same mass are moving around a circular track at the same constant speed. The track is perfectly level. If car 1 is at the inner edge of the track and car 2 is at the outer edge, then → the frictional force on car 1 is greater than the frictional force on car 2. the frictio ...
Previous solved assignments physics PHY101
Previous solved assignments physics PHY101

... No, not unless the book tends to slide or does slide across the table. For example, if it is pushed toward the left by another force, then friction between the book and table will act toward the right. Friction forces occur only when an object tends to slide or is sliding. ...
question 2 - Larbert High School
question 2 - Larbert High School

5 - White Dwarfs - University of Texas Astronomy
5 - White Dwarfs - University of Texas Astronomy

Physical Science 1st Semester Exam Study Guide 2010 Introduction
Physical Science 1st Semester Exam Study Guide 2010 Introduction

... b. rate at which velocity changes. c. resistance of an object to a change in its velocity. d. speed of an object in a particular direction. 13. Weight is best described as a. an object’s resistance to acceleration. b. what causes an object to fall. c. the downward force exerted on objects due to gra ...
Physical Science 1st Semester Exam Study Guide 2010 Introduction
Physical Science 1st Semester Exam Study Guide 2010 Introduction

... b. rate at which velocity changes. c. resistance of an object to a change in its velocity. d. speed of an object in a particular direction. 13. Weight is best described as a. an object’s resistance to acceleration. b. what causes an object to fall. c. the downward force exerted on objects due to gra ...
Understanding Motion
Understanding Motion

Point Charge Dynamics Near a Grounded Conducting Plane
Point Charge Dynamics Near a Grounded Conducting Plane

... and point charges under the influence of Coulombic attraction experience a 1/r 2 force. Particles in this picture will approach one another according to Newtonian (nonrelativistic) dynamics and if released from rest will reach the force center in a time that is typically shown to be proportional to ...
C04 The Laws of Motion (Concept)
C04 The Laws of Motion (Concept)

Widener University
Widener University

... A 1.50 kg water balloon is shot straight up with an initial speed of 3.00 m/s. Calculate: a) the kinetic energy K of the balloon just as it is launched. b) the work W done by gravity on the balloon during the balloon’s full ascent. c) the change in the gravitational balloon-Earth system during the f ...
Target Ideas for Cycle I
Target Ideas for Cycle I

Galaxies - WordPress.com
Galaxies - WordPress.com

Word version of Episode 704
Word version of Episode 704

... The balloon model of the expansion of space-time is a good analogy of the predictions of general relativity. The problem with drawing galaxies (more correctly, clusters of galaxies) on a balloon is that the galaxies themselves expand as space-time does. This does not happen in reality because of the ...
MP Ch14 Sols
MP Ch14 Sols

... Description: If an object on a horizontal frictionless surface is attached to a spring, displaced, and then released, it will oscillate. If it is displaced a distance ## m from its equilibrium position and released with zero initial speed. Then after a time ## s... If an object on a horizontal frict ...
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Lecture Notes PHY 321 - Classical Mechanics I Instructor: Scott Pratt,
Lecture Notes PHY 321 - Classical Mechanics I Instructor: Scott Pratt,

Vectoring it up – The basic of Vectors and Physics
Vectoring it up – The basic of Vectors and Physics

... Weight is not the same as mass. Mass is a value, weight is a force. Weight is not just any force; it is a special case that only exists when a large gravitational field is involved. This could for example be the surface and atmosphere of any planet. In our everyday life we can’t get away for the con ...
Causation as Folk Science - University of Pittsburgh
Causation as Folk Science - University of Pittsburgh

... conform peacefully with our physics. But the much neglected fact is that it never was! All our standard physical theories exhibit one or other form of indeterminism.3 (See Earman 1986; Alper et al. 2000.) That means that we can always find circumstances in which the full specification of the present ...
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Modified Newtonian dynamics



In physics, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies. Created in 1983 by Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom, the theory's original motivation was to explain the fact that the velocities of stars in galaxies were observed to be larger than expected based on Newtonian mechanics. Milgrom noted that this discrepancy could be resolved if the gravitational force experienced by a star in the outer regions of a galaxy was proportional to the square of its centripetal acceleration (as opposed to the centripetal acceleration itself, as in Newton's Second Law), or alternatively if gravitational force came to vary inversely with radius (as opposed to the inverse square of the radius, as in Newton's Law of Gravity). In MOND, violation of Newton's Laws occurs at extremely small accelerations, characteristic of galaxies yet far below anything typically encountered in the Solar System or on Earth.MOND is an example of a class of theories known as modified gravity, and is an alternative to the hypothesis that the dynamics of galaxies are determined by massive, invisible dark matter halos. Since Milgrom's original proposal, MOND has successfully predicted a variety of galactic phenomena that are difficult to understand from a dark matter perspective. However, MOND and its generalisations do not adequately account for observed properties of galaxy clusters, and no satisfactory cosmological model has been constructed from the theory.
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