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I. Newton`s Laws of Motion
I. Newton`s Laws of Motion

Chapter 5 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum
Chapter 5 Center of Mass and Linear Momentum

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Ch. 12 Review Period: Name: Physical Science Date: Remember as
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A force is a push or pull on an object. In this lesson, you will be
A force is a push or pull on an object. In this lesson, you will be

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7.3 Uniform Circular Motion and Centripetal

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Notes in pdf format

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The Teleological Argument - University of Colorado Boulder
The Teleological Argument - University of Colorado Boulder

Chapter 4 Dynamics: Newton`s Laws of Motion
Chapter 4 Dynamics: Newton`s Laws of Motion

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Springs Virtual Lab
Springs Virtual Lab

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Black Holes - University of Oregon
Black Holes - University of Oregon

... solar mass. This is an important point – to an external observer a black hole is merely a point with mass. As long as you are a long way from that point, you will not notice anything strange – it’s only when you get near the black hole, that strange things start to happen – some of which are detaile ...
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Modified Newtonian dynamics



In physics, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies. Created in 1983 by Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom, the theory's original motivation was to explain the fact that the velocities of stars in galaxies were observed to be larger than expected based on Newtonian mechanics. Milgrom noted that this discrepancy could be resolved if the gravitational force experienced by a star in the outer regions of a galaxy was proportional to the square of its centripetal acceleration (as opposed to the centripetal acceleration itself, as in Newton's Second Law), or alternatively if gravitational force came to vary inversely with radius (as opposed to the inverse square of the radius, as in Newton's Law of Gravity). In MOND, violation of Newton's Laws occurs at extremely small accelerations, characteristic of galaxies yet far below anything typically encountered in the Solar System or on Earth.MOND is an example of a class of theories known as modified gravity, and is an alternative to the hypothesis that the dynamics of galaxies are determined by massive, invisible dark matter halos. Since Milgrom's original proposal, MOND has successfully predicted a variety of galactic phenomena that are difficult to understand from a dark matter perspective. However, MOND and its generalisations do not adequately account for observed properties of galaxy clusters, and no satisfactory cosmological model has been constructed from the theory.
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