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the magellanic clouds newsletter - Keele University Astrophysics
the magellanic clouds newsletter - Keele University Astrophysics

... Milky Way are likely to significantly affect the orbit and phase space distribution of tidal debris from the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy (Sgr). Such effects are larger than previous estimates based on the torque of the LMC alone. As a result, Sgr deposits debris in regions of the sky that are not align ...
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Torque Torque is defined as the measure of tendency of a force to

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physics 20 - Fairview High School

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8.012 Physics I: Classical Mechanics MIT OpenCourseWare rms of Use, visit: .

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Fall 2008 - BYU Physics and Astronomy
Fall 2008 - BYU Physics and Astronomy

... Problem 15. A sled moving to the right on level ground is slowing down. What direction is the net force on the sled? a. up b. left c. right d. up and left e. up and right f. none of the above (zero net force) Problem 16. The force required to maintain an object at a constant speed in free space is ...
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Slide 1

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Modified Newtonian dynamics



In physics, modified Newtonian dynamics (MOND) is a theory that proposes a modification of Newton's laws to account for observed properties of galaxies. Created in 1983 by Israeli physicist Mordehai Milgrom, the theory's original motivation was to explain the fact that the velocities of stars in galaxies were observed to be larger than expected based on Newtonian mechanics. Milgrom noted that this discrepancy could be resolved if the gravitational force experienced by a star in the outer regions of a galaxy was proportional to the square of its centripetal acceleration (as opposed to the centripetal acceleration itself, as in Newton's Second Law), or alternatively if gravitational force came to vary inversely with radius (as opposed to the inverse square of the radius, as in Newton's Law of Gravity). In MOND, violation of Newton's Laws occurs at extremely small accelerations, characteristic of galaxies yet far below anything typically encountered in the Solar System or on Earth.MOND is an example of a class of theories known as modified gravity, and is an alternative to the hypothesis that the dynamics of galaxies are determined by massive, invisible dark matter halos. Since Milgrom's original proposal, MOND has successfully predicted a variety of galactic phenomena that are difficult to understand from a dark matter perspective. However, MOND and its generalisations do not adequately account for observed properties of galaxy clusters, and no satisfactory cosmological model has been constructed from the theory.
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