When I think of tsunamis, I think of…
... at risk. (Read "Tsunami: Facts About Killer Waves" for more about killer waves' causes and warning signs—information that can be a lifesaver in a tsunami zone.) The Indian Ocean tsunami traveled as much as 3,000 miles (nearly 5,000 kilometers) to Africa, arriving with sufficient force to kill people ...
... at risk. (Read "Tsunami: Facts About Killer Waves" for more about killer waves' causes and warning signs—information that can be a lifesaver in a tsunami zone.) The Indian Ocean tsunami traveled as much as 3,000 miles (nearly 5,000 kilometers) to Africa, arriving with sufficient force to kill people ...
Ocean Upper Mantle Initiative: The oceanic lithosphere and its
... chemo-spots? What is the role of passive plate boundaries between thicker and thinner plates: does the thicker plate cause large compressional stresses in the thinner plate, and may this generate intraplate thrust earthquakes? What is our understanding of intraplate earthquakes in general, and are t ...
... chemo-spots? What is the role of passive plate boundaries between thicker and thinner plates: does the thicker plate cause large compressional stresses in the thinner plate, and may this generate intraplate thrust earthquakes? What is our understanding of intraplate earthquakes in general, and are t ...
On the apparent eastward migration of the spreading ridge in Iceland
... ephemeral microplates. These include the JMM and two microplates in Iceland. One lay between the northern pair of parallel spreading centers (the Trollaskagi microplate) and one between the southern pair (the Hreppar microplate). The palinspastic reconstruction (Figure 2) shows that oceanic crust up ...
... ephemeral microplates. These include the JMM and two microplates in Iceland. One lay between the northern pair of parallel spreading centers (the Trollaskagi microplate) and one between the southern pair (the Hreppar microplate). The palinspastic reconstruction (Figure 2) shows that oceanic crust up ...
Plate tectonics chapter 4 test bank
... 114. Explain how the processes of sea-floor spreading and magnetic reversal produce bands of oceanic crust that have different magnetic polarities. 115. List and describe three possible driving forces of tectonic plate motion. 116. How do the three types of convergent boundaries differ from one ano ...
... 114. Explain how the processes of sea-floor spreading and magnetic reversal produce bands of oceanic crust that have different magnetic polarities. 115. List and describe three possible driving forces of tectonic plate motion. 116. How do the three types of convergent boundaries differ from one ano ...
Slide 1
... b) What can we learn from foreland basin deposits (i.e. climate vs tectonic) ? In a medial-distal part of a foreland basin high sediment accumulation rates coincide with fine-grained sediments and reflect an increase in subsidence due to tectonic loading Low sediment accumulation rates coincide with ...
... b) What can we learn from foreland basin deposits (i.e. climate vs tectonic) ? In a medial-distal part of a foreland basin high sediment accumulation rates coincide with fine-grained sediments and reflect an increase in subsidence due to tectonic loading Low sediment accumulation rates coincide with ...
Primary Production
... What types of organisms are responsible for most marine primary production (photosynthesis)? (A) Phytoplankton (B) Seaweed (C) Benthic (bottom attached) Algae ...
... What types of organisms are responsible for most marine primary production (photosynthesis)? (A) Phytoplankton (B) Seaweed (C) Benthic (bottom attached) Algae ...
plate tectonics 2009..
... Plates movement: moving towards, away from or sideways along adjacent plates It is at plate boundaries that most of the world’s major landforms occur, and where earthquakes, volcanic and mountain zones are located. ...
... Plates movement: moving towards, away from or sideways along adjacent plates It is at plate boundaries that most of the world’s major landforms occur, and where earthquakes, volcanic and mountain zones are located. ...
The Mediterranean deep-sea fauna: historical ... variations and geographical changes
... about 2.1-2 Ma, the climate became temperate to cold. The change favored the entrance of a great number of species from the temperate regions of the Atlantic Ocean. An "AtlanticoMediterranean" stock was established and became dominant in the Mediterranean fauna. Although the Plio-Pleistocene boundar ...
... about 2.1-2 Ma, the climate became temperate to cold. The change favored the entrance of a great number of species from the temperate regions of the Atlantic Ocean. An "AtlanticoMediterranean" stock was established and became dominant in the Mediterranean fauna. Although the Plio-Pleistocene boundar ...
PART `C`
... unequal distribution of oceanic and continental mass radiative forcing due to Sun-Earth interaction tilt of Earth's axis revolution / rotation of Earth ...
... unequal distribution of oceanic and continental mass radiative forcing due to Sun-Earth interaction tilt of Earth's axis revolution / rotation of Earth ...
Class notes (*) - LSU Geology & Geophysics
... Key concepts: •Continental drift •Seafloor spreading ...
... Key concepts: •Continental drift •Seafloor spreading ...
inner core
... It is more dense than continental crust and therefore when the two types of crust meet, oceanic crust will sink underneath continental crust. The rocks of the oceanic crust are very young compared with most of the rocks of the continental crust. They are not older than ...
... It is more dense than continental crust and therefore when the two types of crust meet, oceanic crust will sink underneath continental crust. The rocks of the oceanic crust are very young compared with most of the rocks of the continental crust. They are not older than ...
Ecosystem Services of the Deep Ocean
... and biological processes. The deep ocean system serves as a major heat sink and slows down anthropogenic global warming (IPCC, 2014); thus, CO2 absorbance by the deep sea is a very important climate-regulating service (Thurber et al., 2014). Climate regulation, including carbon sequestration, will c ...
... and biological processes. The deep ocean system serves as a major heat sink and slows down anthropogenic global warming (IPCC, 2014); thus, CO2 absorbance by the deep sea is a very important climate-regulating service (Thurber et al., 2014). Climate regulation, including carbon sequestration, will c ...
On the formation of the arc of the Western Alps and
... On the formation of the arc of the Western Alps and the Alps-Apennines transition Schmid, S.M. Institute of Geophysics ETH, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland (stefan.schmid@erdw.ethz.ch) The formation of the arc of the Western Alps is associated with WNW-directed indentation of the rigid Ivrea mantle geophys ...
... On the formation of the arc of the Western Alps and the Alps-Apennines transition Schmid, S.M. Institute of Geophysics ETH, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland (stefan.schmid@erdw.ethz.ch) The formation of the arc of the Western Alps is associated with WNW-directed indentation of the rigid Ivrea mantle geophys ...
GEOGRAPHY OCEAN The oceans and seas occupy about 71 per
... It is a continuation into the sea of the coastal plain It forms a gentle sloping flat form extending from the sea level to an average depth of about 200m It is of varying widths which contain shallow water It forms 7% of the total area of the ocean It is found in Labrador ...
... It is a continuation into the sea of the coastal plain It forms a gentle sloping flat form extending from the sea level to an average depth of about 200m It is of varying widths which contain shallow water It forms 7% of the total area of the ocean It is found in Labrador ...
492 Island Arcs
... island arcs along subduction zones (also known as Benioff zones). It was not until 1968 that the next significant advance was made. The hypothesis of ocean-floor spreading in the 1960s had postulated that new lithosphere was being continuously created. It was recognised that unless the Earth was exp ...
... island arcs along subduction zones (also known as Benioff zones). It was not until 1968 that the next significant advance was made. The hypothesis of ocean-floor spreading in the 1960s had postulated that new lithosphere was being continuously created. It was recognised that unless the Earth was exp ...
Earth`s Crust - Student Handouts - PITA
... This igneous rock is called ___. 18) The mantle is divided into three different layers, mostly because they are different densities. The soft, flexible layer where scientists think convection currents take place, is called the ___. It would be the “wheels”, if the Earth was a conveyor belt. 20) Afte ...
... This igneous rock is called ___. 18) The mantle is divided into three different layers, mostly because they are different densities. The soft, flexible layer where scientists think convection currents take place, is called the ___. It would be the “wheels”, if the Earth was a conveyor belt. 20) Afte ...
SEDIMENTARY BASINS - AN INTRODUCTION Definition of a
... One plate is usually subducted beneath the other at a convergent plate boundary. Convergent boundaries may be of different types, depending on the types of lithosphere involved. This results in a wide diversity of basin types formed at convergent boundaries. Transform boundaries form where plates mo ...
... One plate is usually subducted beneath the other at a convergent plate boundary. Convergent boundaries may be of different types, depending on the types of lithosphere involved. This results in a wide diversity of basin types formed at convergent boundaries. Transform boundaries form where plates mo ...
7-2 Restless continents
... 2. According to Wegener, how many landmasses did all continents once form? ______ 3.______What did Wegener hypothesize happened to the continents? a. They broke up and re-formed. b. They drifted together to form a single continent. c. They broke up and drifted to their current locations. d. They san ...
... 2. According to Wegener, how many landmasses did all continents once form? ______ 3.______What did Wegener hypothesize happened to the continents? a. They broke up and re-formed. b. They drifted together to form a single continent. c. They broke up and drifted to their current locations. d. They san ...
Investigating La Runion Hot Spot From Crust to Core
... for scattering of wave energy around narrow conduits, will be adapted to data from the seafloor and islands. Hemispheric- scale inversions will include all available regional data, including very deep diving waves that are diffracted along the core-mantle boundary. In addition, project researchers w ...
... for scattering of wave energy around narrow conduits, will be adapted to data from the seafloor and islands. Hemispheric- scale inversions will include all available regional data, including very deep diving waves that are diffracted along the core-mantle boundary. In addition, project researchers w ...
Data Analysis - Net Start Class
... Atlantic Oceans. Apart from finding submarines, scientists working for the government also made detailed maps of the ocean floor, which they determined is not flat and has a lot of different elevations. Most notably, geologists found a huge volcanic mountain range in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean ...
... Atlantic Oceans. Apart from finding submarines, scientists working for the government also made detailed maps of the ocean floor, which they determined is not flat and has a lot of different elevations. Most notably, geologists found a huge volcanic mountain range in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean ...
Lecture Slides
... In reality, isostatic compensation doesn’t happen at a point, with an exact mirror image of topography at depth. Often there is regional lithospheric bending to partially accommodate the load, as well as a root. ...
... In reality, isostatic compensation doesn’t happen at a point, with an exact mirror image of topography at depth. Often there is regional lithospheric bending to partially accommodate the load, as well as a root. ...
Dynamic Earth Assessment Test Results
... 16. Which of the following geologic events can occur at a transform boundary? a. Earthquake b. Mountain formation c. Volcanic eruption d. Rift formation You answered correctly! 17. What is happening at the subduction zone of the Juan de Fuca and North American Plates? a. Plates are sliding past each ...
... 16. Which of the following geologic events can occur at a transform boundary? a. Earthquake b. Mountain formation c. Volcanic eruption d. Rift formation You answered correctly! 17. What is happening at the subduction zone of the Juan de Fuca and North American Plates? a. Plates are sliding past each ...
MoMAR
... Two possible circulation systems feeding the vents Large variability in vent types, T, chemistry… Large site, > 1 km2 Marine Protected Area within portuguese EEZ ...
... Two possible circulation systems feeding the vents Large variability in vent types, T, chemistry… Large site, > 1 km2 Marine Protected Area within portuguese EEZ ...
4.4 Boundary Predictions pp - 7th-grade-science
... Two plates composed of rock of similar density lie along a transform boundary. Which statement describes what will happen where the two plates meet? a) The plates will rub against each other, causing shearing and creating fault lines in the interior of the plates. b) The plates will collide with nei ...
... Two plates composed of rock of similar density lie along a transform boundary. Which statement describes what will happen where the two plates meet? a) The plates will rub against each other, causing shearing and creating fault lines in the interior of the plates. b) The plates will collide with nei ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.