Research on Hydrothermal Vents-Amit
... and circulation patterns. Scientists also are fascinated by the unusual life that inhabits vent sites. These creatures that live in darkness, from bacteria to tubeworms, may light the way to the development of new drugs, industrial processes, and other products useful to us all. ...
... and circulation patterns. Scientists also are fascinated by the unusual life that inhabits vent sites. These creatures that live in darkness, from bacteria to tubeworms, may light the way to the development of new drugs, industrial processes, and other products useful to us all. ...
The Earth`s Layers Foldable
... 3. Now you may cut out the layers! Also cut out the four squares and the 12 labels. Remember to cut out The Earth's Layers title. 4. Set one piece of blue paper in front of you. Closely trim the title. Paste The Earth's Layers title in the top left corner of the paper. 5. Paste the Crust right below ...
... 3. Now you may cut out the layers! Also cut out the four squares and the 12 labels. Remember to cut out The Earth's Layers title. 4. Set one piece of blue paper in front of you. Closely trim the title. Paste The Earth's Layers title in the top left corner of the paper. 5. Paste the Crust right below ...
Active Pacific North America Plate boundary tectonics as evidenced
... Pacific Ocean crust west of southwest North America was formed by Cenozoic seafloor spreading between the large Pacific Plate and smaller microplates. The eastern limit of this seafloor, the continent–ocean boundary, is the fossil trench along which the microplates subducted and were mostly destroye ...
... Pacific Ocean crust west of southwest North America was formed by Cenozoic seafloor spreading between the large Pacific Plate and smaller microplates. The eastern limit of this seafloor, the continent–ocean boundary, is the fossil trench along which the microplates subducted and were mostly destroye ...
Convergent Plate Boundaries
... continental plate and an oceanic plate. The subducting oceanic plate becomes more dense as it descends, its downward slide propelled by gravity. At a depth of about 80 kilometers (50 miles), heat drives water and other volatile components from the subducted sediments into the overlying mantle, lower ...
... continental plate and an oceanic plate. The subducting oceanic plate becomes more dense as it descends, its downward slide propelled by gravity. At a depth of about 80 kilometers (50 miles), heat drives water and other volatile components from the subducted sediments into the overlying mantle, lower ...
Oceanography Chapter 12
... Because of its very small grain size, clay can remain suspended in the water for great distances and be carried by wind, allowing it to deposit in the deep sea. The variation in deep-water sedimentation causes tremendous variations in sediment accumulation. The thickness of sediments in the deep oce ...
... Because of its very small grain size, clay can remain suspended in the water for great distances and be carried by wind, allowing it to deposit in the deep sea. The variation in deep-water sedimentation causes tremendous variations in sediment accumulation. The thickness of sediments in the deep oce ...
Word - MBARI
... This activity allows students, working individually or in small groups, to retrieve information from pre-assigned web sites, retrieve real-time data to compare nitrate and phosphate concentrations at two open ocean monitoring sites, and construct an EXCEL graph using data from two different sites. E ...
... This activity allows students, working individually or in small groups, to retrieve information from pre-assigned web sites, retrieve real-time data to compare nitrate and phosphate concentrations at two open ocean monitoring sites, and construct an EXCEL graph using data from two different sites. E ...
Hydrosphere - Greenon Local Schools
... all the oceans and seas that cover nearly threefourths of the surface of the earth, and the scientific study of the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the so-called world ocean. The major goals of oceanography are to understand the geologic and geochemical processes involved in the evolut ...
... all the oceans and seas that cover nearly threefourths of the surface of the earth, and the scientific study of the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of the so-called world ocean. The major goals of oceanography are to understand the geologic and geochemical processes involved in the evolut ...
Exploitation of sea-based resources and acidification
... Even though the concept of deep-sea mining was first introduced in the 1960s, it has been progressively used over the past 5 years. For the past decade, the demand for rare and precious metals has increased tremendously due to our advancing technology, making deep-sea mining an attractive proposal f ...
... Even though the concept of deep-sea mining was first introduced in the 1960s, it has been progressively used over the past 5 years. For the past decade, the demand for rare and precious metals has increased tremendously due to our advancing technology, making deep-sea mining an attractive proposal f ...
Diverging Plates: The Underlying Story
... lithosphere and asthenosphere. Simple concepts of a sharp boundary, for example, between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere have been useful in making first-order predictions from plate tectonic theory. However, we have now advanced past the stage where such simple ideas are sufficient, and we ne ...
... lithosphere and asthenosphere. Simple concepts of a sharp boundary, for example, between the lithosphere and the asthenosphere have been useful in making first-order predictions from plate tectonic theory. However, we have now advanced past the stage where such simple ideas are sufficient, and we ne ...
Chapter 1 - Beck-Shop
... Moho averages 5–7 km. Under some oceanic islands, its thickness reaches 18 km. The elevated density and small thickness of oceanic crust cause it to be less buoyant than continental crust, so that it occupies areas of lower elevation on Earth’s surface. As a result, most oceanic crust of normal thic ...
... Moho averages 5–7 km. Under some oceanic islands, its thickness reaches 18 km. The elevated density and small thickness of oceanic crust cause it to be less buoyant than continental crust, so that it occupies areas of lower elevation on Earth’s surface. As a result, most oceanic crust of normal thic ...
The Sunlight Zone
... There are thousands of species Not all starfish have 5 arms http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Redknobbed.starfish.arp.jpg ...
... There are thousands of species Not all starfish have 5 arms http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c8/Redknobbed.starfish.arp.jpg ...
Plate Tectonics
... The Ring of Fire The Ring of Fire is a belt of volcanoes that circles the Pacific Ocean. As with most of Earth’s volcanoes, these volcanoes form along boundaries of tectonic plates. ...
... The Ring of Fire The Ring of Fire is a belt of volcanoes that circles the Pacific Ocean. As with most of Earth’s volcanoes, these volcanoes form along boundaries of tectonic plates. ...
Break-up and seafloor spreading domains in the NE Atlantic
... (Fig. 6). NE Atlantic oceanic crust was formed at a rate (35-40 mm/yr) for the first 4-5 million years in all basins, except Norway Basin, where the spreading rate was lower (ca. 25 mm/yr) (Fig. 7). This first stage of seafloor spreading resulted in regular pattern of parallelmagnetized oceanic crus ...
... (Fig. 6). NE Atlantic oceanic crust was formed at a rate (35-40 mm/yr) for the first 4-5 million years in all basins, except Norway Basin, where the spreading rate was lower (ca. 25 mm/yr) (Fig. 7). This first stage of seafloor spreading resulted in regular pattern of parallelmagnetized oceanic crus ...
Percolating Through Volcanic Subsurface Rocks, Seawater is
... Fuca Ridge off the northwestern US coast, and one on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge about halfway between Florida and West Africa. The drill cores recovered from these sites allow scientists to study the variability in rock-water reactions that occur under the different physical and chemical conditions foun ...
... Fuca Ridge off the northwestern US coast, and one on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge about halfway between Florida and West Africa. The drill cores recovered from these sites allow scientists to study the variability in rock-water reactions that occur under the different physical and chemical conditions foun ...
Plate boundaries presentation
... Harry Hess discovered that magma was rising on the sea floor causing it to spread. The hot magma rising in the mantle caused the spreading on the sea floor and the large pieces of crust (tectonic plates) to move. Theory of Plate Tectonics These two theories lead to the Theory of Plate Tectonics. ...
... Harry Hess discovered that magma was rising on the sea floor causing it to spread. The hot magma rising in the mantle caused the spreading on the sea floor and the large pieces of crust (tectonic plates) to move. Theory of Plate Tectonics These two theories lead to the Theory of Plate Tectonics. ...
Northern Gulf of Mexico: Basins, Massifs and the Upper Crust
... The northern Gulf oceanic/continental crustal boundary has been characterized as either abrupt or transitional. Analysis of the 3D earth model and its results provide a new way to define and map the boundary; that is, by locating the feather edge of the upper (continental) crust as it extends to or ...
... The northern Gulf oceanic/continental crustal boundary has been characterized as either abrupt or transitional. Analysis of the 3D earth model and its results provide a new way to define and map the boundary; that is, by locating the feather edge of the upper (continental) crust as it extends to or ...
Chapter 2
... areas, the water cools, ice forms, and the water becomes more saline and more dense. The water mass sinks in these regions, and moves back toward the equator. ...
... areas, the water cools, ice forms, and the water becomes more saline and more dense. The water mass sinks in these regions, and moves back toward the equator. ...
Chapter 16: The Marine Environment
... on location and water depth. Habitats are classified either as pelagic, which are open water habitats, or as benthic, which are habitats on the seafloor. Pelagic habitats are divided into neritic habitats, which are those in shallow water, and oceanic habitats, which are those in water deeper than 2 ...
... on location and water depth. Habitats are classified either as pelagic, which are open water habitats, or as benthic, which are habitats on the seafloor. Pelagic habitats are divided into neritic habitats, which are those in shallow water, and oceanic habitats, which are those in water deeper than 2 ...
CHAPTER 10
... - As the water depth increases, the physical characteristics of the water become more uniform. Deep water tends to be uniformly cold and have fairly constant salinity. In addition, at depths below the photic zone there is no sunlight so it is constantly dark. - Horizontal barriers also exist between ...
... - As the water depth increases, the physical characteristics of the water become more uniform. Deep water tends to be uniformly cold and have fairly constant salinity. In addition, at depths below the photic zone there is no sunlight so it is constantly dark. - Horizontal barriers also exist between ...
Ch 13 MORB mod 9
... 13-9 shows the variation in K2O with Mg# for the MAR data set of Schilling et al. ...
... 13-9 shows the variation in K2O with Mg# for the MAR data set of Schilling et al. ...
crust
... the asthenosphere they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents, like the cork in this illustration. ...
... the asthenosphere they also move the crust. The crust gets a free ride with these currents, like the cork in this illustration. ...
The Deepest Place on Earth
... the vents is so hot that in some places it is over 500°F (that is 300°C)! So can anything live in this very deep place where the water is either very cold or very hot? Let’s take a closer look. Life at the Bottom In the Mariana Trench there is no sunlight because the sun’s rays cannot reach so far d ...
... the vents is so hot that in some places it is over 500°F (that is 300°C)! So can anything live in this very deep place where the water is either very cold or very hot? Let’s take a closer look. Life at the Bottom In the Mariana Trench there is no sunlight because the sun’s rays cannot reach so far d ...
Abyssal plain
An abyssal plain is an underwater plain on the deep ocean floor, usually found at depths between 3000 and 6000 m. Lying generally between the foot of a continental rise and a mid-ocean ridge, abyssal plains cover more than 50% of the Earth’s surface. They are among the flattest, smoothest and least explored regions on Earth. Abyssal plains are key geologic elements of oceanic basins (the other elements being an elevated mid-ocean ridge and flanking abyssal hills). In addition to these elements, active oceanic basins (those that are associated with a moving plate tectonic boundary) also typically include an oceanic trench and a subduction zone.Abyssal plains were not recognized as distinct physiographic features of the sea floor until the late 1940s and, until very recently, none had been studied on a systematic basis. They are poorly preserved in the sedimentary record, because they tend to be consumed by the subduction process. The creation of the abyssal plain is the end result of spreading of the seafloor (plate tectonics) and melting of the lower oceanic crust. Magma rises from above the asthenosphere (a layer of the upper mantle) and as this basaltic material reaches the surface at mid-ocean ridges it forms new oceanic crust. This is constantly pulled sideways by spreading of the seafloor. Abyssal plains result from the blanketing of an originally uneven surface of oceanic crust by fine-grained sediments, mainly clay and silt. Much of this sediment is deposited by turbidity currents that have been channelled from the continental margins along submarine canyons down into deeper water. The remainder of the sediment is composed chiefly of pelagic sediments. Metallic nodules are common in some areas of the plains, with varying concentrations of metals, including manganese, iron, nickel, cobalt, and copper. These nodules may provide a significant resource for future mining ventures.Owing in part to their vast size, abyssal plains are currently believed to be a major reservoir of biodiversity. The abyss also exerts significant influence upon ocean carbon cycling, dissolution of calcium carbonate, and atmospheric CO2 concentrations over timescales of 100–1000 years. The structure and function of abyssal ecosystems are strongly influenced by the rate of flux of food to the seafloor and the composition of the material that settles. Factors such as climate change, fishing practices, and ocean fertilization are expected to have a substantial effect on patterns of primary production in the euphotic zone. This will undoubtedly impact the flux of organic material to the abyss in a similar manner and thus have a profound effect on the structure, function and diversity of abyssal ecosystems.