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Top downloaded Optics Express article for March.
Top downloaded Optics Express article for March.

... View Top Downloads from March 2012 Stay current on the latest research by reviewing the most downloaded articles in OSA’s Optics Express in March. Optics Express is an open-access journal so the articles below are freely accessible. ...
Propagation of EM Waves in material media
Propagation of EM Waves in material media

... Propagation of EM Waves in material media S.M.Lea ...
Chapter 8
Chapter 8

Electroholographic tunable volume grating in the g44
Electroholographic tunable volume grating in the g44

lens theory - Laser Components
lens theory - Laser Components

Aalborg Universitet Transfer function and near-field detection of evanescent waves
Aalborg Universitet Transfer function and near-field detection of evanescent waves

The Optics of the Compound Eye of the Honeybee
The Optics of the Compound Eye of the Honeybee

OSA journals template (MSWORD)
OSA journals template (MSWORD)

... The main goal here is to design a dielectric graded index sphere with a radially symmetric biaxial permittivity profile. This device is required to show different functions in its equatorial and polar planes. Due to two possible polarizations in each of these planes, the designed lens offers general ...
Stops:  Finite nature of lenses affects the energy and... and imaged by optical systems
Stops: Finite nature of lenses affects the energy and... and imaged by optical systems

A Practical Guide to Optical Trapping
A Practical Guide to Optical Trapping

... E. coli flagella [8] and single kinesin motors [9]. Optical traps use light to manipulate microscopic objects as small as 10 nm using the radiation pressure from a focused laser beam. In addition, measurement of the light deflection yields information about the position of the object in the laser fo ...
Ray Theory
Ray Theory

... If we let  and  be a function of space, but require that their gradients are much less than du/dx, then we can still be approximately right in ignoring them. du/dx is related to the wavelength of the wave, so basically this means that the wavelength is short compared to the variations in elastic ...
Phase contrast and DIC - Nikon Imaging Center at UCSF
Phase contrast and DIC - Nikon Imaging Center at UCSF

... • Polarization of light is perpendicular to direction of propagation. • Light can be linearly polarized if field is oriented in a single direction. • Light can be elliptically polarized if the field direction rotates as the wave propagates ...
Characteristics of a surface wave produced discharge
Characteristics of a surface wave produced discharge

... Preliminary experiments have shown, under typical conditions (pressure - 1 Torr, microwave power 100 W), that the intensities of lines emitted by the plasma are modulated around a constant mean value along the discharge as soon as the distance between the excitation gap and short-circuit 2 is about ...
spatial filtering
spatial filtering

conclusion
conclusion

... mechanical support for the active parts of the device. Its refractive index is 1.51. We generated the phase delaying structures in an amorphous carbon layer film; this material is also often called diamond like carbon (DLC). The phase delaying structures can be generated directly in this substrate. ...
Total internal reflection holography for optical interconnections
Total internal reflection holography for optical interconnections

... lenslet array for clock distribution to a specially designed VLSI circuit were recorded in a planar-optics configuration. We also developed an appropriate recording technique to satisfy both the low-aberration condition and the Bragg condition, despite a wavelength shift between the recording and re ...
Modulation transfer function model of a Scophony infrared scene
Modulation transfer function model of a Scophony infrared scene

Direct measurement of standing evanescent waves with a photon
Direct measurement of standing evanescent waves with a photon

... that make it possible to record optical images of surfaces with visible light at a spatial resolution well below Abb6's diffraction limit of about half of a wavelength. One can achieve this by raster scanning a small aperture of subwavelength diameter in close proximity over the sample surface. Eith ...
Shaping the focal intensity distribution using spatial coherence
Shaping the focal intensity distribution using spatial coherence

PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.
PDF only - at www.arxiv.org.

3 Theoretical framework
3 Theoretical framework

... 3.1.1.- The Ronchi test as a diffraction grating We shall assume an experimental setup where a wavefront coming from a sample under test hits a Ronchi ruling, and the resulting intensity pattern is then recorded on the focal plane of a CCD camera with its objective pointing at infinity. We shall ass ...
Planoconcave lens by negative refraction of stacked subwavelength
Planoconcave lens by negative refraction of stacked subwavelength

... Taking advantage of previous numerical simulations of the structure dispersion diagram, see the inset of Fig. 1 [21], it follows that a first band of the stacked sub-wavelength hole array structure emerges around the EOT frequency and it clearly shows a negative slope, i.e. phase velocity opposite t ...
Strategies for the compensation of specimen
Strategies for the compensation of specimen

OPTICS OF ANISOTROPIC LAYERED MEDIA: A
OPTICS OF ANISOTROPIC LAYERED MEDIA: A

FRAUNHOFER and FRESNEL DIFFRACTION
FRAUNHOFER and FRESNEL DIFFRACTION

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Fourier optics

Fourier optics is the study of classical optics using Fourier transforms, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of plane waves that are not related to any identifiable sources; instead they are the natural modes of the propagation medium itself. Fourier optics can be seen as the dual of the Huygens–Fresnel principle, in which the wave is regarded as a superposition of expanding spherical waves which radiate outward from actual (physically identifiable) current sources via a Green's function relationship (see Double-slit experiment)A curved phasefront may be synthesized from an infinite number of these ""natural modes"" i.e., from plane wave phasefronts oriented in different directions in space. Far from its sources, an expanding spherical wave is locally tangent to a planar phase front (a single plane wave out of the infinite spectrum), which is transverse to the radial direction of propagation. In this case, a Fraunhofer diffraction pattern is created, which emanates from a single spherical wave phase center. In the near field, no single well-defined spherical wave phase center exists, so the wavefront isn't locally tangent to a spherical ball. In this case, a Fresnel diffraction pattern would be created, which emanates from an extended source, consisting of a distribution of (physically identifiable) spherical wave sources in space. In the near field, a full spectrum of plane waves is necessary to represent the Fresnel near-field wave, even locally. A ""wide"" wave moving forward (like an expanding ocean wave coming toward the shore) can be regarded as an infinite number of ""plane wave modes"", all of which could (when they collide with something in the way) scatter independently of one other. These mathematical simplifications and calculations are the realm of Fourier analysis and synthesis – together, they can describe what happens when light passes through various slits, lenses or mirrors curved one way or the other, or is fully or partially reflected. Fourier optics forms much of the theory behind image processing techniques, as well as finding applications where information needs to be extracted from optical sources such as in quantum optics. To put it in a slightly more complex way, similar to the concept of frequency and time used in traditional Fourier transform theory, Fourier optics makes use of the spatial frequency domain (kx, ky) as the conjugate of the spatial (x,y) domain. Terms and concepts such as transform theory, spectrum, bandwidth, window functions and sampling from one-dimensional signal processing are commonly used.
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