(B) Where CO 2
... Glucose(6 C’s) is split into 2 pyruvate molecules (each 2 C’s) Each Pyruvate is an acid Each step has a different enzyme. This is anerobic respiration (without using O2) Believed to be most ancient of metabolic processes since it does not need O2; found in all eukaryote & prokaryote cells. The enzym ...
... Glucose(6 C’s) is split into 2 pyruvate molecules (each 2 C’s) Each Pyruvate is an acid Each step has a different enzyme. This is anerobic respiration (without using O2) Believed to be most ancient of metabolic processes since it does not need O2; found in all eukaryote & prokaryote cells. The enzym ...
Glycolysis Puzzle: Concept Map of "Splitting of Glucose"
... The PO4 group is removed and transferred to ADP resulting in the production an ______molecule via substrate level phosphorylation. [delta G = -4.0 kcal/mole] ...
... The PO4 group is removed and transferred to ADP resulting in the production an ______molecule via substrate level phosphorylation. [delta G = -4.0 kcal/mole] ...
PowerPoint 프레젠테이션
... •Nitrogen-reduction site: FeMo cofactor contains an open center that is likely site of nitrogen binding and reduction. ...
... •Nitrogen-reduction site: FeMo cofactor contains an open center that is likely site of nitrogen binding and reduction. ...
Chapter 7 Study Guide
... Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are energy-rich because when catabolized they can yield a large number of electrons per molecule. Glycolysis is a pathway that degrades glucose to pyruvic acid without requiring oxygen. Pyruvic acid is processed in aerobic respiration via the Krebs cycle and its assoc ...
... Carbohydrates, such as glucose, are energy-rich because when catabolized they can yield a large number of electrons per molecule. Glycolysis is a pathway that degrades glucose to pyruvic acid without requiring oxygen. Pyruvic acid is processed in aerobic respiration via the Krebs cycle and its assoc ...
11 catabolism
... – includes P/O ratios of NADH and FADH2 – ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation the theoretical maximum total yield of ATP during aerobic respiration is 38 Theoretical vs. Actual Yield of ATP amount of ATP produced during aerobic respiration varies depending on growth conditions and nature ...
... – includes P/O ratios of NADH and FADH2 – ATP produced by substrate level phosphorylation the theoretical maximum total yield of ATP during aerobic respiration is 38 Theoretical vs. Actual Yield of ATP amount of ATP produced during aerobic respiration varies depending on growth conditions and nature ...
The citric acid cycle • Also known as the Kreb`s cycle
... Step 5: Succinyl-CoA synthetase • Energy of succinyl CoA is transferred (conserved) to GTP • SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION: group transfer reaction • ONLY step where ATP is directly formed • All other ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation Oxid. Phosphor. is the oxidation of reduced cofactor ...
... Step 5: Succinyl-CoA synthetase • Energy of succinyl CoA is transferred (conserved) to GTP • SUBSTRATE LEVEL PHOSPHORYLATION: group transfer reaction • ONLY step where ATP is directly formed • All other ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation Oxid. Phosphor. is the oxidation of reduced cofactor ...
Cellular Respiration
... Fermentation • There are two types of fermentation – Lactic Acid Fermentation • Lactic Acid is formed during fermentation. • This occurs in our muscles. ...
... Fermentation • There are two types of fermentation – Lactic Acid Fermentation • Lactic Acid is formed during fermentation. • This occurs in our muscles. ...
Bios 302 FINAL FOR 1999.
... 3. (10 pts) a. ∆Go’ for the hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and Pi is - 14.4 kcal/mole and ∆Go’ for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi is –7.4 kcal/mole. What is the equilibrium constant at pH = 7 for the reaction PEP + ADP ⇔ pyruvate + ATP ...
... 3. (10 pts) a. ∆Go’ for the hydrolysis of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate and Pi is - 14.4 kcal/mole and ∆Go’ for the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi is –7.4 kcal/mole. What is the equilibrium constant at pH = 7 for the reaction PEP + ADP ⇔ pyruvate + ATP ...
Aim: What is fermentation?
... pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps. – First, pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon compound, acetaldehyde, by the removal of CO2. – Second, acetaldehyde is reduced by NADH to ethanol. (NAD+ is regenerated.) – Alcohol fermentation by yeast is used in baking, brewing and ...
... pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps. – First, pyruvate is converted to a two-carbon compound, acetaldehyde, by the removal of CO2. – Second, acetaldehyde is reduced by NADH to ethanol. (NAD+ is regenerated.) – Alcohol fermentation by yeast is used in baking, brewing and ...
STRUCTURE OF ATP
... oxidation releases energy.This process is called respiration. All living organism required energy to carry out various activities. This energy is obtained through respiration which is a catabolic process. It occurs in all the living cells of all the organisms. Respiration is defined as an intracellu ...
... oxidation releases energy.This process is called respiration. All living organism required energy to carry out various activities. This energy is obtained through respiration which is a catabolic process. It occurs in all the living cells of all the organisms. Respiration is defined as an intracellu ...
Biochem01 - Amit Kessel Ph.D
... nylon. You name the newly discovered enzyme Nylase. Nylon is a polymer made up of many repeating subunits (like the polysaccharides). It looks like this: The squiggly lines at the ends indicate that this same unit is repeated many times in both directions. The arrow points to the bond that is cleave ...
... nylon. You name the newly discovered enzyme Nylase. Nylon is a polymer made up of many repeating subunits (like the polysaccharides). It looks like this: The squiggly lines at the ends indicate that this same unit is repeated many times in both directions. The arrow points to the bond that is cleave ...
HARVESTING CHEMICAL ENERGY: CELLULAR
... Thirty-two molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. a. Approximately 2.5 ATP are produced per NADH molecule, and 1.5 ATP are produced per FADH2 that releases electrons to the electron carriers. b. Substrate-level phosphorylation produces a tota ...
... Thirty-two molecules of ATP are produced for each molecule of glucose oxidized to carbon dioxide and water. a. Approximately 2.5 ATP are produced per NADH molecule, and 1.5 ATP are produced per FADH2 that releases electrons to the electron carriers. b. Substrate-level phosphorylation produces a tota ...
CHAPTER 12 – RESPIRATION
... anaerobically for a short period. The pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted, in a single step, to lactate. The enzyme responsible for this conversion is lactate dehydrogenase, and the process requires hydrogen from reduced NAD. It is the build-up of lactate, which forms lactic acid, in muscle ...
... anaerobically for a short period. The pyruvate produced by glycolysis is converted, in a single step, to lactate. The enzyme responsible for this conversion is lactate dehydrogenase, and the process requires hydrogen from reduced NAD. It is the build-up of lactate, which forms lactic acid, in muscle ...
Xe– + Y → X + Ye–
... extracted electrons are transferred to NAD+, storing energy in the form of NADH. c. Finally, coenzyme A, a sulfur compound derived from a B vitamin, is attached via its sulfur atom to the acetate, for acetyl CoA, which has a high potential energy. This molecule will now feed its acetyl group into th ...
... extracted electrons are transferred to NAD+, storing energy in the form of NADH. c. Finally, coenzyme A, a sulfur compound derived from a B vitamin, is attached via its sulfur atom to the acetate, for acetyl CoA, which has a high potential energy. This molecule will now feed its acetyl group into th ...
Chapter 24 - Metabolism
... amounts of energy from one molecule to another Cell's entire amount of ATP is recycled approximately every minute ATP is NOT for long term energy storage • too reactive in the cell • other molecules available for energy storage (neutral fats, glycogen, creatine phosphate, etc.) ...
... amounts of energy from one molecule to another Cell's entire amount of ATP is recycled approximately every minute ATP is NOT for long term energy storage • too reactive in the cell • other molecules available for energy storage (neutral fats, glycogen, creatine phosphate, etc.) ...
Outline06 Metabolism - Napa Valley College
... acetyl CoA is a key intermediate which transfers 2C units to the Citric Acid Cycle 2b. Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle - complete oxidation of 2C units from acetyl CoA → 2 CO2 - occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria - multi-step sequence of redox reactions first step: acetyl CoA (2C) + oxaloacetate (4C ...
... acetyl CoA is a key intermediate which transfers 2C units to the Citric Acid Cycle 2b. Citric Acid (Krebs) Cycle - complete oxidation of 2C units from acetyl CoA → 2 CO2 - occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria - multi-step sequence of redox reactions first step: acetyl CoA (2C) + oxaloacetate (4C ...
Note Pages for Monday 12/3 and Tuesday 12/4
... you must collect your energy in another way. All animals, all fungi, some protists, and some prokaryotes are ________________________, or “other makers,” which means they consume calories. We get your energy from _________. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are reservoirs of energy. A series of chem ...
... you must collect your energy in another way. All animals, all fungi, some protists, and some prokaryotes are ________________________, or “other makers,” which means they consume calories. We get your energy from _________. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats are reservoirs of energy. A series of chem ...
Cellular Respiration
... As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduction form of NAD+) represents stored energy that is trapped to synthesize ATP NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transpor ...
... As an electron acceptor, NAD+ functions as an oxidizing agent during cellular respiration Each NADH (the reduction form of NAD+) represents stored energy that is trapped to synthesize ATP NADH passes the electrons to the electron transport chain Unlike an uncontrolled reaction, the electron transpor ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
... 9. What is the function of the allosteric site in an enzyme? a) it is the place where the substrate fits into the enzyme b) it is the place where the enzyme fits into the substrate c) it is the place where the activator fits into the enzyme d) it is the place where the inhibitor fits into the enzyme ...
... 9. What is the function of the allosteric site in an enzyme? a) it is the place where the substrate fits into the enzyme b) it is the place where the enzyme fits into the substrate c) it is the place where the activator fits into the enzyme d) it is the place where the inhibitor fits into the enzyme ...
Photosynthesis/Respiration Powerpoint
... Proteins- digested into amino acids Lipids- digested into fatty acids and ...
... Proteins- digested into amino acids Lipids- digested into fatty acids and ...
- thevignanam
... In first step of Krebs cycle, Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate in the presence of condensing enzymes citrate synthetase. CoA is released out. The product of condensation is citrate which is a tricarboxylic 6-carbon compound. ...
... In first step of Krebs cycle, Acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate in the presence of condensing enzymes citrate synthetase. CoA is released out. The product of condensation is citrate which is a tricarboxylic 6-carbon compound. ...
Respiration Respiration Respiration
... ΔG = -686kcal/mol of glucose ΔG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
... ΔG = -686kcal/mol of glucose ΔG can be even higher than this in a cell This large amount of energy must be released in small steps rather than all at once. ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
... transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase and energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.