Cellular Respiration
... •First, fat must by hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids. The glycerol can enter glycolysis after either being converted to glucose (via gluconeogenesis) or changed into dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP). -The fatty acids are broken down to two-carbon units (acetyl-CoA) in a process called boxida ...
... •First, fat must by hydrolyzed into glycerol and fatty acids. The glycerol can enter glycolysis after either being converted to glucose (via gluconeogenesis) or changed into dihydroxyacetonephosphate (DHAP). -The fatty acids are broken down to two-carbon units (acetyl-CoA) in a process called boxida ...
Ch 5
... – Operates with glycolysis – Use and production of 5 carbon sugars (na) – Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis ...
... – Operates with glycolysis – Use and production of 5 carbon sugars (na) – Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis ...
Pathways of Carbohydrate and Lipid Metabolism Glycolysis • Is the
... • One thing which the diagram does not show is the production of 2 CO2 molecules for each acetylCoA that enters the cycle. They are release at the same time/place as the first two NADH molecules ...
... • One thing which the diagram does not show is the production of 2 CO2 molecules for each acetylCoA that enters the cycle. They are release at the same time/place as the first two NADH molecules ...
irm_ch23
... 23.81 Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process by which ATP is synthesized from ADP using energy from the electron transport chain. 23.82 pairs of chemical reactions in which energy released from one reaction changes the equilibrium position of a second reaction 23.83 The coupling of ATP ...
... 23.81 Oxidative phosphorylation is the biochemical process by which ATP is synthesized from ADP using energy from the electron transport chain. 23.82 pairs of chemical reactions in which energy released from one reaction changes the equilibrium position of a second reaction 23.83 The coupling of ATP ...
Exam 1 Q2 Review Sheet
... (The following terms MUST be properly included: ETC, chemiosmosis, oxidative phosphorylation, electron carriers, heme, cytochrome c, ubiquinone, complex I, complex II, complex III, complex IV, mitochondria, NAD+, NADH, citrate, citrate synthase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, G3P, FAD, FADH2, glyc ...
... (The following terms MUST be properly included: ETC, chemiosmosis, oxidative phosphorylation, electron carriers, heme, cytochrome c, ubiquinone, complex I, complex II, complex III, complex IV, mitochondria, NAD+, NADH, citrate, citrate synthase, hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, G3P, FAD, FADH2, glyc ...
coupling membrane
... NADH and succinate) in citric acid cycle 4) the oxidation of reduced cofactors by oxygen forming water and releasing energy (respiratory electron transfer) ...
... NADH and succinate) in citric acid cycle 4) the oxidation of reduced cofactors by oxygen forming water and releasing energy (respiratory electron transfer) ...
Slides - gserianne.com
... 1. Glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate; in cytoplasm) 2. Citric acid cycle (finishes oxidation begun in glycolysis; in the matrix of mitochondria) 3. Electron transport chain (uses e- transfer to make ATP; on inner membranes of mitochondria) Produces • carbon dioxide • water • ATP (chemical energy) • he ...
... 1. Glycolysis (glucose to pyruvate; in cytoplasm) 2. Citric acid cycle (finishes oxidation begun in glycolysis; in the matrix of mitochondria) 3. Electron transport chain (uses e- transfer to make ATP; on inner membranes of mitochondria) Produces • carbon dioxide • water • ATP (chemical energy) • he ...
Cellular Resp. PP
... released from glucose in small amounts that cells can put to productive use—the formation of ATP molecules. ...
... released from glucose in small amounts that cells can put to productive use—the formation of ATP molecules. ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... released from glucose in small amounts that cells can put to productive use—the formation of ATP molecules. ...
... released from glucose in small amounts that cells can put to productive use—the formation of ATP molecules. ...
Outline
... B) As the cycle moves around, citric acid is rearranged to produce different intermediate molecules called C) At the end of the cycle, the resulting molecule is oxaloacetic acid which is now available to attach to another acetyl CoA D) For each turn of the cycle: 1) two C atoms are removed from the ...
... B) As the cycle moves around, citric acid is rearranged to produce different intermediate molecules called C) At the end of the cycle, the resulting molecule is oxaloacetic acid which is now available to attach to another acetyl CoA D) For each turn of the cycle: 1) two C atoms are removed from the ...
Chapter 8 Exam Review
... 5. The Citric Acid Cycle takes place in the Mitochondria. True or False? 6. The preparatory reaction takes place across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. True or false? 7. The Electron Transport Chain is a series of carriers on the cristae of the mitochondria. True or false? 8. _______________ ...
... 5. The Citric Acid Cycle takes place in the Mitochondria. True or False? 6. The preparatory reaction takes place across the inner membrane of the mitochondria. True or false? 7. The Electron Transport Chain is a series of carriers on the cristae of the mitochondria. True or false? 8. _______________ ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical energy
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
... As they are passed along the chain, the energy carried by these electrons is transformed in the mitochondrion into a form that can be used to synthesize ATP via oxidative phosphorylation. ...
aerobic respiration
... Electrons lose potential energy during their transfer from glucose to other organic compounds to oxygen. • Electrons are usually passed first to NAD⁺, reducing it to NADH, and then from NADH to an electron transport chain, which conducts them to O₂ in energy-releasing steps. The energy is used to ma ...
... Electrons lose potential energy during their transfer from glucose to other organic compounds to oxygen. • Electrons are usually passed first to NAD⁺, reducing it to NADH, and then from NADH to an electron transport chain, which conducts them to O₂ in energy-releasing steps. The energy is used to ma ...
Chapter 3 Review Guide
... - obtained via food, but stored as the compound ATP in the mitochondria - specifically found in the phosphate bonds - ATP = adenosine triphosphate with 3 phosphates, maximum amount of energy is stored in the 2 phosphate bonds - ADP = adenosine diphosphate with 2 phosphates, partially filled with ene ...
... - obtained via food, but stored as the compound ATP in the mitochondria - specifically found in the phosphate bonds - ATP = adenosine triphosphate with 3 phosphates, maximum amount of energy is stored in the 2 phosphate bonds - ADP = adenosine diphosphate with 2 phosphates, partially filled with ene ...
Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in free __________ than the preceding member of the chain, but higher in _______________. The molecule at ...
... 24. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two components: the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis. Referring to Figure 9.13, notice that each member of the electron transport chain is lower in free __________ than the preceding member of the chain, but higher in _______________. The molecule at ...
Other ways to make ATP
... • Anaerobic respiration: organic compounds oxidized, electrons passed down e- transport chain to some molecule other than oxygen (e.g. NO3-, SO4-2). – Organic molecules like glucose still source of energy – Just like aerobic respiration but w/o O2 – basis for lab identification test ...
... • Anaerobic respiration: organic compounds oxidized, electrons passed down e- transport chain to some molecule other than oxygen (e.g. NO3-, SO4-2). – Organic molecules like glucose still source of energy – Just like aerobic respiration but w/o O2 – basis for lab identification test ...
Pass Back Graded Work!
... rxns where: it is broken into acetyl Co-A during the process CO2 is released acetyl Co-A is further broken into citric acid ...
... rxns where: it is broken into acetyl Co-A during the process CO2 is released acetyl Co-A is further broken into citric acid ...
Lecture 22 – New HW assignment – Anaerobic metabolism (continued) – Other sugars
... Gluconeogenesis requires transport between the mitochondria and cytosol Enzymes for converting PEP to glucose are in the cytosol. Intermediates need to cross barriers in order for gluconeogenesis. OAA must leave the mitochondria for conversion to PEP or PEP formed in the mitochondria must go to the ...
... Gluconeogenesis requires transport between the mitochondria and cytosol Enzymes for converting PEP to glucose are in the cytosol. Intermediates need to cross barriers in order for gluconeogenesis. OAA must leave the mitochondria for conversion to PEP or PEP formed in the mitochondria must go to the ...
Respiration - Ms. Killikelly's Science Classes
... NADH. The NAD+ oxidizes the 2-C portion and becomes acetic acid. This is a redox rxn as pyruvate is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced Coenzyme A (contains S) is attached to the remaining acetic acid portion to form acetyl-CoA in an unstable bond (sets it up for stage 3) ...
... NADH. The NAD+ oxidizes the 2-C portion and becomes acetic acid. This is a redox rxn as pyruvate is oxidized and NAD+ is reduced Coenzyme A (contains S) is attached to the remaining acetic acid portion to form acetyl-CoA in an unstable bond (sets it up for stage 3) ...
The TCA cycle
... Energy is also produced during the TCA cycle in the form of GTP (which is formally equivalent to ATP). Energy use in man At rest we will consume half our body weight in ATP per day! Of course we cannot store this amount of ATP. As we consume energy, ATP --> ADP + Pi, we replace it by oxidising food ...
... Energy is also produced during the TCA cycle in the form of GTP (which is formally equivalent to ATP). Energy use in man At rest we will consume half our body weight in ATP per day! Of course we cannot store this amount of ATP. As we consume energy, ATP --> ADP + Pi, we replace it by oxidising food ...
Cellular Respiration
... Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration, process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to break down the sugar glucose and store its energy in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration is critical for the survival of ...
... Cellular Respiration Cellular Respiration, process in which cells produce the energy they need to survive. In cellular respiration, cells use oxygen to break down the sugar glucose and store its energy in molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Cellular respiration is critical for the survival of ...
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleoside triphosphate used in cells as a coenzyme often called the ""molecular unit of currency"" of intracellular energy transfer.ATP transports chemical energy within cells for metabolism. It is one of the end products of photophosphorylation, cellular respiration, and fermentation and used by enzymes and structural proteins in many cellular processes, including biosynthetic reactions, motility, and cell division. One molecule of ATP contains three phosphate groups, and it is produced by a wide variety of enzymes, including ATP synthase, from adenosine diphosphate (ADP) or adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and various phosphate group donors. Substrate-level phosphorylation, oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration, and photophosphorylation in photosynthesis are three major mechanisms of ATP biosynthesis.Metabolic processes that use ATP as an energy source convert it back into its precursors. ATP is therefore continuously recycled in organisms: the human body, which on average contains only 250 grams (8.8 oz) of ATP, turns over its own body weight equivalent in ATP each day.ATP is used as a substrate in signal transduction pathways by kinases that phosphorylate proteins and lipids. It is also used by adenylate cyclase, which uses ATP to produce the second messenger molecule cyclic AMP. The ratio between ATP and AMP is used as a way for a cell to sense how much energy is available and control the metabolic pathways that produce and consume ATP. Apart from its roles in signaling and energy metabolism, ATP is also incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the process of transcription. ATP is the neurotransmitter believed to signal the sense of taste.The structure of this molecule consists of a purine base (adenine) attached by the 9' nitrogen atom to the 1' carbon atom of a pentose sugar (ribose). Three phosphate groups are attached at the 5' carbon atom of the pentose sugar. It is the addition and removal of these phosphate groups that inter-convert ATP, ADP and AMP. When ATP is used in DNA synthesis, the ribose sugar is first converted to deoxyribose by ribonucleotide reductase.ATP was discovered in 1929 by Karl Lohmann, and independently by Cyrus Fiske and Yellapragada Subbarow of Harvard Medical School, but its correct structure was not determined until some years later. It was proposed to be the intermediary molecule between energy-yielding and energy-requiring reactions in cells by Fritz Albert Lipmann in 1941. It was first artificially synthesized by Alexander Todd in 1948.