Biochemistry2 2016 Lecture Glycogen Metabolism
... leaving group, UDP. The glycosidic bond in the product has the same configuration about the C-1 of glucose as the substrate UDP-glucose, suggesting that the transfer of glucose from UDP to Tyr194 occurs in two steps. The first step is probably a nucleophilic attack by Asp162 (orange), forming a temp ...
... leaving group, UDP. The glycosidic bond in the product has the same configuration about the C-1 of glucose as the substrate UDP-glucose, suggesting that the transfer of glucose from UDP to Tyr194 occurs in two steps. The first step is probably a nucleophilic attack by Asp162 (orange), forming a temp ...
Structure of the FHA1 Domain of Yeast Rad53 and Identification of
... GST-fusion protein and then digested with thrombin. However, the product contained a mixture of two fragments of slightly different size due to a minor thrombin-cleavage site near residue 165. Subsequently, the fragment 2-164 was constructed. However, the ®rst 15 residues were shown to exist in rand ...
... GST-fusion protein and then digested with thrombin. However, the product contained a mixture of two fragments of slightly different size due to a minor thrombin-cleavage site near residue 165. Subsequently, the fragment 2-164 was constructed. However, the ®rst 15 residues were shown to exist in rand ...
Sodium-Coupled Neurotransmitter Transporters Baruch I. Kanner* and Elia Zomot
... transporters for dopamine, serotonin, and glycine. This family also includes transporters of amino acids, which are not neurotransmitters, and also bacterial homologues, but the neurotransmitter transporters of this family have in common that they transport the neurotransmitter not only together wit ...
... transporters for dopamine, serotonin, and glycine. This family also includes transporters of amino acids, which are not neurotransmitters, and also bacterial homologues, but the neurotransmitter transporters of this family have in common that they transport the neurotransmitter not only together wit ...
Biosynthesis of Isoprenoids
... Terpenoids is formally derived from isoprene units and are sometimes called isoprenoids. ...
... Terpenoids is formally derived from isoprene units and are sometimes called isoprenoids. ...
A structural comparison of molybdenum cofactor
... the other containing a dioxo Mo center was based solely on the molybdenum environment and, with the knowledge of the crystal structures, proved to be inadequate for a general classi¢cation of these enzymes. The features of the new classi¢cation scheme are illustrated best by DMSO reductase and forma ...
... the other containing a dioxo Mo center was based solely on the molybdenum environment and, with the knowledge of the crystal structures, proved to be inadequate for a general classi¢cation of these enzymes. The features of the new classi¢cation scheme are illustrated best by DMSO reductase and forma ...
Amino acid utilisation and deamination of glutamine and asparagine
... The ammonia concentration of the culture declined with the transition to the defined medium from the peak of 18 m M to 5.9 mM. This reflects the higher amino acid concentration of the urea-containing Brucella broth ( c . 20 g/L) compared to the urea-free defined medium (c. 3.4g/L). Brucella broth do ...
... The ammonia concentration of the culture declined with the transition to the defined medium from the peak of 18 m M to 5.9 mM. This reflects the higher amino acid concentration of the urea-containing Brucella broth ( c . 20 g/L) compared to the urea-free defined medium (c. 3.4g/L). Brucella broth do ...
Document
... X-linked trait (HGPRT gene is on X chromosome). Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID): lack of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Lack of ADA causes accumulation of deoxyadenosine. Immune cells, which have potent salvage pathways, accumulate dATP, which blocks production of other dNTPs by its action on r ...
... X-linked trait (HGPRT gene is on X chromosome). Severe combined immune deficiency (SCID): lack of adenosine deaminase (ADA). Lack of ADA causes accumulation of deoxyadenosine. Immune cells, which have potent salvage pathways, accumulate dATP, which blocks production of other dNTPs by its action on r ...
Lipid Biosynthesis
... The positive allosteric effects of xylulose-5-phosphate on Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2A {this phosphatase removes phosphate from Phosphofructokinase-2, simulating the kinase activity and inhibiting the phosphatase activity} assure that the rate of pyruvate and ATP generation (glycolysis, TCA, & ET/ ...
... The positive allosteric effects of xylulose-5-phosphate on Phosphoprotein Phosphatase 2A {this phosphatase removes phosphate from Phosphofructokinase-2, simulating the kinase activity and inhibiting the phosphatase activity} assure that the rate of pyruvate and ATP generation (glycolysis, TCA, & ET/ ...
A comparison of the effects of fluoride and chloride
... An in vitro study using an enzyme system was chosen rather than an in vivo study in an effort to determine more precisely a possible mechanism of toxicity. ...
... An in vitro study using an enzyme system was chosen rather than an in vivo study in an effort to determine more precisely a possible mechanism of toxicity. ...
IJEB 52(1) 73-79
... A common method for analysis of 17 amino acids from various insect species and plant parts was standardized using HPLC-PDA. Prior to hydrolysis, lyophilization of test samples was found indispensible to remove excess moisture, which interferes in hydrolysis and separation of amino acids. After the h ...
... A common method for analysis of 17 amino acids from various insect species and plant parts was standardized using HPLC-PDA. Prior to hydrolysis, lyophilization of test samples was found indispensible to remove excess moisture, which interferes in hydrolysis and separation of amino acids. After the h ...
Structure, function and regulation of pyruvate carboxylase
... been shown to be elevated when islets are grown in higher-thanphysiological concentrations of glucose, suggesting that both enzymes are involved in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin release [21]. It is known that pancreatic islets contain a concentration of PC equivalent to that in gluconeog ...
... been shown to be elevated when islets are grown in higher-thanphysiological concentrations of glucose, suggesting that both enzymes are involved in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin release [21]. It is known that pancreatic islets contain a concentration of PC equivalent to that in gluconeog ...
Marine Biotecnology
... better utilized by crustaceans and have better nutritional value (Lim et al. 1997; González-Félix and Pérez-Velazquez 2002). The enzymes responsible for TAG hydrolysis from dietary lipids to free fatty acids are digestive lipases. Lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) are characterized by the ability to hydrolyze hy ...
... better utilized by crustaceans and have better nutritional value (Lim et al. 1997; González-Félix and Pérez-Velazquez 2002). The enzymes responsible for TAG hydrolysis from dietary lipids to free fatty acids are digestive lipases. Lipases (EC 3.1.1.3) are characterized by the ability to hydrolyze hy ...
Lecture 24
... Most important storage form of sugar Glycogen - highly branched (1 per 10) polymer of glucose with (1,4) backbone and (1,6) branch points. More branched than starch so more free ends. Average molecular weight -several million in liver, muscle. 1/3 in liver (more concentrated but less overall mass ...
... Most important storage form of sugar Glycogen - highly branched (1 per 10) polymer of glucose with (1,4) backbone and (1,6) branch points. More branched than starch so more free ends. Average molecular weight -several million in liver, muscle. 1/3 in liver (more concentrated but less overall mass ...
Rapid enzyme assays investigating the variation in the glycolytic
... Variation in enzyme expression may be important in evolutionary adaptation, yet is seldom studied. Furthermore, no studies have examined the expression of all enzymes in a defined metabolic pathway. Enzyme concentration is a measure of enzyme expression and was ascertained by assaying maximal activi ...
... Variation in enzyme expression may be important in evolutionary adaptation, yet is seldom studied. Furthermore, no studies have examined the expression of all enzymes in a defined metabolic pathway. Enzyme concentration is a measure of enzyme expression and was ascertained by assaying maximal activi ...
Structure of bacterial luciferase
... Alignment of the amino acid sequence of the ~ subunit with that of the [3 subunit demonstrates that they share 32% sequence identity, and that the c~ subunit has 31 amino acid residues that are not present in the 13 subunit [2]. The apparent homology of the subunits has suggested that they should ha ...
... Alignment of the amino acid sequence of the ~ subunit with that of the [3 subunit demonstrates that they share 32% sequence identity, and that the c~ subunit has 31 amino acid residues that are not present in the 13 subunit [2]. The apparent homology of the subunits has suggested that they should ha ...
In vivo contribution of amino acid sulfur to cartilage proteoglycan
... Genetic defects in the metabolism of sulfate causing generalized proteoglycan undersulfation have been described and produce clinical phenotypes of skeletal dysplasia [4a]. Mutations in the DTDST [DTD (diastrophic dysplasia) sulfate transporter; also known as SLC26A2 (solute carrier family 26 member ...
... Genetic defects in the metabolism of sulfate causing generalized proteoglycan undersulfation have been described and produce clinical phenotypes of skeletal dysplasia [4a]. Mutations in the DTDST [DTD (diastrophic dysplasia) sulfate transporter; also known as SLC26A2 (solute carrier family 26 member ...
The regulation of receptor protein tyrosine
... et al., 2007). This interaction can change the structure of the intracellular domain and inactivate phosphatase activity. Several studies have proven that the dimerization of the intracellular domains of PTPR can decrease phosphatase activity. A homodimer of the D2 domain of PTPRE has been detected ...
... et al., 2007). This interaction can change the structure of the intracellular domain and inactivate phosphatase activity. Several studies have proven that the dimerization of the intracellular domains of PTPR can decrease phosphatase activity. A homodimer of the D2 domain of PTPRE has been detected ...
A novel zinc-dependent D-serine dehydratase
... kcat values of 0.39 mM and 13.1 s−1 respectively. D-Threonine and β-Cl-D-alanine also serve as substrates with catalytic efficiencies which are approx. 3 and 2 % of D-serine respectively. L-Serine, L-threonine and β-Cl-L-alanine are inert as substrates. Atomic absorption analysis revealed that the e ...
... kcat values of 0.39 mM and 13.1 s−1 respectively. D-Threonine and β-Cl-D-alanine also serve as substrates with catalytic efficiencies which are approx. 3 and 2 % of D-serine respectively. L-Serine, L-threonine and β-Cl-L-alanine are inert as substrates. Atomic absorption analysis revealed that the e ...
Catalytic triad
A catalytic triad refers to the three amino acid residues that function together at the centre of the active site of some hydrolase and transferase enzymes (e.g. proteases, amidases, esterases, acylases, lipases and β-lactamases). An Acid-Base-Nucleophile triad is a common motif for generating a nucleophilic residue for covalent catalysis. The residues form a charge-relay network to polarise and activate the nucleophile, which attacks the substrate, forming a covalent intermediate which is then hydrolysed to regenerate free enzyme. The nucleophile is most commonly a serine or cysteine amino acid, but occasionally threonine. Because enzymes fold into complex three-dimensional structures, the residues of a catalytic triad can be far from each other along the amino-acid sequence (primary structure), however, they are brought close together in the final fold.As well as divergent evolution of function (and even the triad's nucleophile), catalytic triads show some of the best examples of convergent evolution. Chemical constraints on catalysis have led to the same catalytic solution independently evolving in at least 23 separate superfamilies. Their mechanism of action is consequently one of the best studied in biochemistry.