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Graphical Models with R
Graphical Models with R

Effects on Climate Records of Changes in National Weather Service
Effects on Climate Records of Changes in National Weather Service

Understanding the concept of outlier and its relevance to the
Understanding the concept of outlier and its relevance to the

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Demystifying Six Sigma Metrics in Software

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... 6. This is the Standard and Poors historical data used by Poterba. Observations on returns and the CPI from 1871 to Wilson and Jones (1987), and from Ibbotson and Sinquefield to 1985. Observations on nominal dividends are those used ...
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Data assimilation

Data assimilation is the process by which observations are incorporated into a computer model of a real system. Applications of data assimilation arise in many fields of geosciences, perhaps most importantly in weather forecasting and hydrology. The most commonly used form of data assimilation proceeds by analysis cycles. In each analysis cycle, observations of the current (and possibly past) state of a system are combined with the results from a numerical model (the forecast) to produce an analysis, which is considered as 'the best' estimate of the current state of the system. This is called the analysis step. Essentially, the analysis step tries to balance the uncertainty in the data and in the forecast. The result may be the best estimate of the physical system, but it may not the best estimate of the model's incomplete representation of that system, so some filtering may be required. The model is then advanced in time and its result becomes the forecast in the next analysis cycle. As an alternative to analysis cycles, data assimilation can proceed by some sort of nudging process, where the model equations themselves are modified to add terms that continuously push the model towards observations.
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