metabolism of amino acids
... • Positive nitrogen balance- an excess of ingested over excreted nitrogen- during growth and pregnancy • Negative nitrogen balance – output exceeds intakeduring surgery, advanced cancer or malnutrition ...
... • Positive nitrogen balance- an excess of ingested over excreted nitrogen- during growth and pregnancy • Negative nitrogen balance – output exceeds intakeduring surgery, advanced cancer or malnutrition ...
File
... – Fructose bisphosphate immediately breaks up into TWO molecules of triose phosphate – Inorganic phosphate added to each triose phosphate creates triose bisphosphates ...
... – Fructose bisphosphate immediately breaks up into TWO molecules of triose phosphate – Inorganic phosphate added to each triose phosphate creates triose bisphosphates ...
Chapter 7
... Oxidation of Glucose Cells able to make ATP via: 1. substrate-level phosphorylation – transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase & energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
... Oxidation of Glucose Cells able to make ATP via: 1. substrate-level phosphorylation – transferring a phosphate directly to ADP from another molecule 2. oxidative phosphorylation – use of ATP synthase & energy derived from a proton (H+) gradient to make ATP ...
Cancer_JC_presentation_2009
... constitutive signaling through EGFR and PI3K, and it depends on flux through the PPP • Antioxidants can reverse the metabolic defect, independent of glucose uptake, by increasing flux through the PPP • Antioxidants can enhance the transforming activity of oncogenic cells. ...
... constitutive signaling through EGFR and PI3K, and it depends on flux through the PPP • Antioxidants can reverse the metabolic defect, independent of glucose uptake, by increasing flux through the PPP • Antioxidants can enhance the transforming activity of oncogenic cells. ...
Biological Pathways I
... favored. A reaction can occur spontaneously only if G, the change in free energy, is negative 3. An important thermodynamic fact: the overall free energy change for a chemically coupled series of reactions is equal to the sum of the free-energy changes of the individual steps AB+C ...
... favored. A reaction can occur spontaneously only if G, the change in free energy, is negative 3. An important thermodynamic fact: the overall free energy change for a chemically coupled series of reactions is equal to the sum of the free-energy changes of the individual steps AB+C ...
Biochemistry 304 2014 Student Edition Gluconeogenesis Lectures
... Different organs/tissues in the body can be metabolically linked. Lactate produced by active skeletal muscle and erythrocytes is an energy source for other organs. •Skeletal muscle during vigorous exercise produces pyruvate at a rate faster than oxidative metabolism via the citric acid cycle can use ...
... Different organs/tissues in the body can be metabolically linked. Lactate produced by active skeletal muscle and erythrocytes is an energy source for other organs. •Skeletal muscle during vigorous exercise produces pyruvate at a rate faster than oxidative metabolism via the citric acid cycle can use ...
ppt-file
... producing lysine [4]. 2 modes only use glucose as a substrate (yield: ¾), five modes only use acetate, and 29 use both. The optimal lysine over glucose yield of ¾ coincides with earlier results obtained by metabolite balancing in [3]. It is understandable that the yield is lower than when ATP and AD ...
... producing lysine [4]. 2 modes only use glucose as a substrate (yield: ¾), five modes only use acetate, and 29 use both. The optimal lysine over glucose yield of ¾ coincides with earlier results obtained by metabolite balancing in [3]. It is understandable that the yield is lower than when ATP and AD ...
LEMAK : Struktur, Fungsi dan Metabolisme
... Citrate Cycle only if carbohydrate metabolism is properly balanced. When fatty acid oxidation produces more acetyl-CoA than can be combined with OAA to form citrate, then the "extra" acetyl-CoA is converted to acetoacetyl-CoA and ketone bodies, including acetone. Ketogenesis (synthesis of ketone bod ...
... Citrate Cycle only if carbohydrate metabolism is properly balanced. When fatty acid oxidation produces more acetyl-CoA than can be combined with OAA to form citrate, then the "extra" acetyl-CoA is converted to acetoacetyl-CoA and ketone bodies, including acetone. Ketogenesis (synthesis of ketone bod ...
Cellular Respiration
... 8. Which process in eukaryotic cells will normally proceed whether O2 is present or absent? a. fermentation b. glycolysis c. Krebs cycle d. electron transport 9. A major function of the mitochondrial inner membrane is the conversion of energy from electrons to the stored energy of the phosphate bon ...
... 8. Which process in eukaryotic cells will normally proceed whether O2 is present or absent? a. fermentation b. glycolysis c. Krebs cycle d. electron transport 9. A major function of the mitochondrial inner membrane is the conversion of energy from electrons to the stored energy of the phosphate bon ...
Macromolecules Internet Assignment
... E. Click on “Options” at the bottom of the page. Click on “Proteins” There are 6 separate pages for the proteins module. After you read each page, click “continue”, and then “play” to watch the animation. 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The ...
... E. Click on “Options” at the bottom of the page. Click on “Proteins” There are 6 separate pages for the proteins module. After you read each page, click “continue”, and then “play” to watch the animation. 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The ...
introduction - WordPress.com
... In eukaryotes, pyruvate moves into the mitochondria. It is converted into acetyl-CoA by decarboxylation and enters the citric acid cycle. In protein catabolism, proteins are broken down by proteases into their constituent amino acids. The carbon backbone of these amino acids can become a source of e ...
... In eukaryotes, pyruvate moves into the mitochondria. It is converted into acetyl-CoA by decarboxylation and enters the citric acid cycle. In protein catabolism, proteins are broken down by proteases into their constituent amino acids. The carbon backbone of these amino acids can become a source of e ...
Macromolecules WebQuest
... E. Click on “Options” at the bottom of the page. Click on “Proteins” There are 6 separate pages for the proteins module. After you read each page, click “continue”, and then “play” to watch the animation. 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The ...
... E. Click on “Options” at the bottom of the page. Click on “Proteins” There are 6 separate pages for the proteins module. After you read each page, click “continue”, and then “play” to watch the animation. 1. Proteins are chains of _______________________ linked by _______________________. 2. The ...
AP Biology Summer Homework Macromolecules WebQuest
... 1. __________________ is a hexose, a sugar composed of __________________ carbon atoms, usually in __________________ form. 2. How many glucose monomers are there in a single starch molecule? __________________________ 3. Glucose molecules can be added to starch by a __________________________ reac ...
... 1. __________________ is a hexose, a sugar composed of __________________ carbon atoms, usually in __________________ form. 2. How many glucose monomers are there in a single starch molecule? __________________________ 3. Glucose molecules can be added to starch by a __________________________ reac ...
Part 1: Macromolecules Tutorial
... C. Click on the tab at the top of the page called Animations. Click the box labeled “step-through” Click on “CARBOHYDRATES” first. There are 6 separate pages for the carbohydrate module. After you read each page, click “continue”, and then “play” to watch the animation. 1. _________________ ...
... C. Click on the tab at the top of the page called Animations. Click the box labeled “step-through” Click on “CARBOHYDRATES” first. There are 6 separate pages for the carbohydrate module. After you read each page, click “continue”, and then “play” to watch the animation. 1. _________________ ...
Protein and Lipid Catabolism
... • NADH oxidized back to NAD+ • Uses organic compound as terminal electron acceptor – Typically pyruvate or derivative • NO oxidative phosphorylation so ATP yield is low ...
... • NADH oxidized back to NAD+ • Uses organic compound as terminal electron acceptor – Typically pyruvate or derivative • NO oxidative phosphorylation so ATP yield is low ...
Chapter 23
... oxaloacetate (which we have already taken into account). Pyruvate is metabolized to acetyl-CoA with production of NADH, which supports 2.5 ATPs synthesized. The acetyl-CoA unit results in 10 ATP. To summarize: Oxidation of 7 -carbons produces 24 ATPs; oxidation of an additional carbon (the one inv ...
... oxaloacetate (which we have already taken into account). Pyruvate is metabolized to acetyl-CoA with production of NADH, which supports 2.5 ATPs synthesized. The acetyl-CoA unit results in 10 ATP. To summarize: Oxidation of 7 -carbons produces 24 ATPs; oxidation of an additional carbon (the one inv ...
Chem 465 Biochemistry II
... attached to lippoate. The acetate is then transferred to free CoASH to make acetyl CoA which diffuses away from the enzyme complex. When this transfer occurs the lipoate is left in a fully reduced form that must be regenerated before the enzyme can work again. This oxidation is performed by the E3 e ...
... attached to lippoate. The acetate is then transferred to free CoASH to make acetyl CoA which diffuses away from the enzyme complex. When this transfer occurs the lipoate is left in a fully reduced form that must be regenerated before the enzyme can work again. This oxidation is performed by the E3 e ...
Which of the following molecules is most likely to be used in a
... A) digestion, citric acid cycle, ATP production, acetyl-ScoA production B) digestion, citric acid cycle, acetyl-ScoA production, ATP production C) citric acid cycle, digestion, acetyl-ScoA production, ATP production D) digestion, acetyl-ScoA production, citric acid cycle, ATP production E) digestion ...
... A) digestion, citric acid cycle, ATP production, acetyl-ScoA production B) digestion, citric acid cycle, acetyl-ScoA production, ATP production C) citric acid cycle, digestion, acetyl-ScoA production, ATP production D) digestion, acetyl-ScoA production, citric acid cycle, ATP production E) digestion ...
How Cells Harvest Energy
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
... Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate. -a 10-step biochemical pathway -occurs in the cytoplasm -2 molecules of pyruvate are formed -net production of 2 ATP molecules by substrate-level phosphorylation -2 NADH produced by the reduction of NAD+ ...
glycogen metabolism
... energetically advantageous because the released sugar is already phosphorylated ...
... energetically advantageous because the released sugar is already phosphorylated ...
Ketosis
Ketosis /kɨˈtoʊsɨs/ is a metabolic state where most of the body's energy supply comes from ketone bodies in the blood, in contrast to a state of glycolysis where blood glucose provides most of the energy. It is characterised by serum concentrations of ketone bodies over 0.5 millimolar, with low and stable levels of insulin and blood glucose. It is almost always generalized with hyperketonemia, that is, an elevated level of ketone bodies in the blood throughout the body. Ketone bodies are formed by ketogenesis when liver glycogen stores are depleted (or from metabolising medium-chain triglycerides). The main ketone bodies used for energy are acetoacetate and β-hydroxybutyrate, and the levels of ketone bodies are regulated mainly by insulin and glucagon. Most cells in the body can use both glucose and ketone bodies for fuel, and during ketosis, free fatty acids and glucose synthesis (gluconeogenesis) fuel the remainder.Longer-term ketosis may result from fasting or staying on a low-carbohydrate diet, and deliberately induced ketosis serves as a medical intervention for intractable epilepsy. In glycolysis, higher levels of insulin promote storage of body fat and block release of fat from adipose tissues, while in ketosis, fat reserves are readily released and consumed. For this reason, ketosis is sometimes referred to as the body's ""fat burning"" mode.